How do earthquakes affect bridges
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Transcript of How do earthquakes affect bridges
In the last few years in the North Texas area, we have been experiencing a significant
increase in the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes.
There are many who say that this is the result of the exploration for underground
gas reserves, which has become widespread in this area.
No matter the root cause, the subject of how earthquakes affect bridges is now on
the minds of many.
When evaluating the affects of earthquakes the most important factors to take into account are the magnitude of the earthquake, the distance from the epicenter of the earthquake and the
geologic conditions at the site of the earthquake itself.
When it comes to how earthquakes can affect bridges, the main concern is the
damage that can be caused by the ground motion that the earthquake creates.
Going deeper into this subject, one must take a look at the local geology and type of
soil that the bridge has been built upon.
When soft soil lies on top of hard bedrock the ground motion is amplified, this is known
as ground-motion amplification.
This type of amplification can result in much greater damage, even from bridges that are
quit a distance from the epicenter of the earthquake itself.
In fact, soft sandy soils can actually be liquefied by strong ground motion in a
process call liquefaction.
When liquefaction occurs, the foundation of structures, like bridges, can be completely
compromised.
The general rule of thumb is that earthquakes below a magnitude of 4.0 do
not cause infrastructure damage.
Since 2013 there have been over fifty reported earthquakes in a two mile area
alone just west of the Dallas city limit.
The largest recorded earthquake in the State of Texas occurred in 1931, when a
magnitude 5.8 earthquake was recorded in far West Texas near the town of Valentine.
Highway engineers have devised standards in an attempt to earthquake-proof bridges that have been built since the early 1990's.
Most bridges that we drive on daily were built before these higher standards were
implemented however.