How did the physical regions of Texas determine how the Native

Americans survived??

Map of Texas4 regions - pg. 552

Major rivers of Texas

What was the most important factor that affected Native Texans?

• Geography – Ex. Land, water, ability to hunt, etc

Similarities• All Native Texans respected the environment and protected

natural resources.

confederacy – groups within a larger association

matrilineal – tracing descendents through their mothers’ families

shaman – people believed to have the power to summon spirits and to cure; led religious ceremonies; mademedicine from plants; cared for the sick

customs – cultural ways of doing things

environment – surroundings

natural resources – vegetation, wildlife, water, minerals, and soil

adobe – bricks made by drying clay, mud, and straw in the sun

plain – wide flat area – rolling – good for planting crops

nomad – people who wander from place to place in search of food

era – a period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of its chronological system

aquifer – An underground layer of porous rock that yields water through springs or wells

canyon - A deep narrow valley with steep sides and often a stream flowing through it

Puebloan

Southeastern

Western Gulf

Plains

Southeastern

• Caddos• Wichita

• Atakapans

Western Gulf

• Karankawa• Coahuiltecans

Plains Tribes

• Tonkawas• Apaches

• Comanches• Kiowa

• Mescalero

Pueblo

• Jumano• Conchos

• Tigua