How Cells Function

CHAPTER

the BIG idea

CHAPTER OUTLINE

All cells need energy and materials for life processes.

Chemical reactions take place inside cells.2.12.1

Cells capture and release energy.2.22.2

Materials move across the cell’s membranes.2.32.3

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules—

Chemical reactions take place inside cells.2.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

carbohydrate

chemical reaction

lipid

carbohydrates,

carbohydrates

protein

nucleic acid

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules—

Chemical reactions take place inside cells.2.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

carbohydrate

chemical reaction

lipid

carbohydrates, lipids

lipids

protein

nucleic acid

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules—

Chemical reactions take place inside cells.2.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

carbohydrate

chemical reaction

lipid

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

proteins

protein

nucleic acid

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules—

Chemical reactions take place inside cells.2.1

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

carbohydrate

chemical reaction

lipid

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids—that support cell function.

About two thirds of every cell is water. The properties of water are important to cell function.

nucleic acids

protein

nucleic acid

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

chemical energy

cellular respiration

Cells capture and release energy.2.2

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

photosynthesis

chlorophyll

glucose

Light Energy

oxygen

glucose

Photosynthesis

carbon dioxide

Cellular Respiration

water

Chemical Energy

All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical energy from glucose.

Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that cells release energy from glucose.

fermentation

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

Materials move across the cell’s membranes.2.3

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

Passive transport is the movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport.

Equal amounts of oxygen move into

and out of the cell.

diffusion

passive transport

osmosis

active transport

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

Materials move across the cell’s membranes.2.3

SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE

Passive transport is the movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport.

Active transport is the movement of materials from an areaof lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Cells need energy to perform active transport.

energy

salt

inside cell

diffusion

passive transport

osmosis

active transport

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

I. Chemical reactions take place inside cells.

A. All cells are made of the same elements.

C. About two thirds of every cell is water.

2.1

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Chemical reactions take place inside cells.

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

B. Large molecules support cell function.carbohydrate

chemical reaction

lipid

protein

nucleic acid

3. Proteins

4. Nucleic Acids

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

2.2

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Cells capture and release energy.

II. Cells capture and release energy.

A. All cells need energy.

B. Some cells capture light energy.

1. Cellular Respiration

2. Fermentation

3. Energy and Exercise

chemical energy

cellular respiration

photosynthesis

chlorophyll

glucose

fermentation

C. All cells release energy.

VOCABULARY

KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME

III. Materials move across the cell’s membranes.

A. Some materials move by diffusion.

1. Active Transport

2. Endocytosis

B. Some transport requires energy.

2.3

KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY

Materials move across the cell’s membranes.

diffusion

passive transport

osmosis

active transport

1. Concentration

2. Diffusion in Cells

3. Osmosis

3. Exocytosis

C. Cell size affects transport.