How a Bill Becomes a Law Play “The making of a Law”- 20 minutes.
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Transcript of How a Bill Becomes a Law Play “The making of a Law”- 20 minutes.
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How a Bill How a Bill Becomes a LawBecomes a Law
Play “The making of a Law”- 20 minutes
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TaxesTaxes
“What we pay for civilized society”Oliver Wendell Holmes
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Power to TaxPower to Tax
Expressed constitutional limitationsExpressed constitutional limitations Taxes may be levied only for public Taxes may be levied only for public
purposespurposes Export taxes are prohibitedExport taxes are prohibited Direct taxes must be equally Direct taxes must be equally
apportioned among the states according apportioned among the states according to their populationsto their populations
Indirect taxes must be levied at the Indirect taxes must be levied at the same rate throughout the country.same rate throughout the country.
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Power to TaxPower to Tax
Implied limitation on the power to tax Implied limitation on the power to tax State and local governmentsState and local governments The Federal Government The Federal Government
may not tax State or local governments in the may not tax State or local governments in the exercise of their governmental dutiesexercise of their governmental duties
Federal can’t tax State’s for revenue made throughFederal can’t tax State’s for revenue made through Vehicle registrationVehicle registration Property taxes Property taxes
may tax nongovernmental State and local may tax nongovernmental State and local activitiesactivities
tax on State-sold liquortax on State-sold liquor
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Progressive TaxesProgressive Taxes Progressive- tax levied according to Progressive- tax levied according to
level of incomelevel of income Income taxes- tax levied on the Income taxes- tax levied on the
individuals salary or wages (income)individuals salary or wages (income) Income Tax brackets in U.S.Income Tax brackets in U.S.
$0 - 7,550$0 - 7,550 10%10% $7,550 - 30,650$7,550 - 30,650 15%15% $30,650 - 74,200$30,650 - 74,200 25%25% $74,200 - 154,800$74,200 - 154,800 28%28% $154,800 - 336,550$154,800 - 336,550 33%33% $Above 336,550$Above 336,550 35%35%
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Bush tax cuts Bush tax cuts
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Regressive TaxesRegressive Taxes
Regressive- tax levied at a flat rateRegressive- tax levied at a flat rate Social security- 6.2% on earnings up to $94,200Social security- 6.2% on earnings up to $94,200
A person who makes $30,000 a year pays $1,860 A person who makes $30,000 a year pays $1,860 (30,000*.062) in tax or 6.2% of wages(30,000*.062) in tax or 6.2% of wages
b. A person who makes $200,000 a year pays $6,045 b. A person who makes $200,000 a year pays $6,045 (97,500*.062) in tax or 3% of wages(97,500*.062) in tax or 3% of wages
c. A person who makes $500,000 a year still pays c. A person who makes $500,000 a year still pays $6,045 in tax (97,500*.062) or 1.2% of wages$6,045 in tax (97,500*.062) or 1.2% of wages
Lower incomes families hit harderLower incomes families hit harder
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Federal BudgetFederal Budget
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How is the federal budget How is the federal budget created?created?
““No money shall be drawn from the No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law” Article appropriations made by law” Article I sec. 9I sec. 9
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Two Types of spendingTwo Types of spending
Controllable spending Controllable spending (Discretionary)(Discretionary) Congress and the President decide how Congress and the President decide how
much will be spent each year much will be spent each year Appropriations- assigning to particular Appropriations- assigning to particular
useuse Military equipmentMilitary equipment Environmental protection Environmental protection
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Uncontrollable SpendingUncontrollable Spending Uncontrollable spending- 80% of Uncontrollable spending- 80% of
spendingspending Mandatory uncontrollable spendingMandatory uncontrollable spending
Interest on public debtInterest on public debt Entitlements- Benefits that must be paid to Entitlements- Benefits that must be paid to
all those who meet the eligibility all those who meet the eligibility requirementsrequirements
Social securitySocial security MedicareMedicare MedicaidMedicaid Food stampsFood stamps Unemployment insuranceUnemployment insurance