HOUSING SCENARIO IN GOA

A VISUAL GUIDE

While the total number of census houses increased from 4.58.868 to 5.76.582 [25.65%], the number of occupied houses gradually increased from 3.81.584 to 4.51.079 [18.21%]. The data shows an alarming growth in the number of vacant houses from 77.284 to 1.25.503 [62.39%]. This unreasonable burden on natural resources is due to a speculative demand for housing.

1.00.000

= 10.000 census houses

2001

= occupied census house

= 5.000 census houses

A census house means a structure for commercial,residential social or religious purposes that could be either vacant or occupied. It maybe a building, part of a building or an independent unit having a separate entrance.

Of the 5.76.582 census houses, 4.51.079 are occupied.

CENSUS HOUSES IN GOA

DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES IN GOA

2.00.000

3.00.000

4.00.000

5.00.000

2011

total number of census houses

occupied census houses

vacant census houses

62.39%

18.21%

25.65%

One in every 5 census houses in Goa is vacant.

= 1,00,000 census houses

= occupied as purely residential census housesOf 5.74.582 census houses, 3.14.414 are occupied solely as residences and 5.312 are being used as

'residence‐cum‐other use'.

= vacant census houses

= occupied census houses

Contrary to the popular belief, the number of unoccupied houses is more in the urban parts as compared to the rural parts of Goa.

North Goa has 19.561 more vacant houses as compared to South Goa.

2001 2011

A reason for this is believed to be the increasing trend in investing in unoccupied property.

There is an almost equal growth rate observed in the total number of occupied census houses from 3.81.584 to 4.51.079 and those occupied as residences from 2.66.271 to 3.14.414 respectively.

18.08% Growth

1

OCCUPIED CENSUS HOUSES AS PER USE

2001

2011

DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS: 2001-11

The increase in the number of households in North Goa and South Goa between 2001‐11 has been marginal, with South Goa witnessing a slightly better rate of growth as compared to North Goa.

2001 2011

15.61% Growth= 1.00.000 households

The number of households across Goa saw an increase from 2.79.216 households in 2001 to 3.22.813 in 2011.

other non-residential uses

shop/office

occupied but locked

factory/shed/workshop

residential mixed-use

hotel/lodge

place of worship

school/college

hospital/dispensary

2001 2011

52.848 55.390

35.412 44.928

7.926

6.715 6.465

6.121 5.312

4.343 6.118

5.686 5.964

2.837 2.913

1.351 1.649

4.81%

40.87%

4.89%

2.68%

22.06%

30.000 50.000

Contrary to the evident growth in numbers of the 'non‐residential' uses, there is a 40.87% of growth in the hotel and lodging sector with a dip of 13.22% in the residential mixed‐use sector between 2001‐2011.

14.99%

16.39%

1.55.727 1.79.085

1.23.489 1.43.728

SOUTH GOA SOUTH GOA

NORTH GOA NORTH GOA

2

5.000

26.87%

-3.72%

-13.22%

75

30.3%

2.6% houses were occupied by more than one household from a total of 2,72,139 residential census houses

declined to 0.97% houses occupied by more than one household from a total of 3,19,726 residential census houses

CONDITION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES

22.3%

CENSUS HOUSES: ROOF MATERIAL

A town with a population of 5,000 and above, having a population density of 400 persons per sq.km. and having atleast 75% of the male working population engaged in non‐agricultural activities is considered as a Census Town.

SHARING HOUSES

2,79,2162001

3,22,8132011

76.2%

households

residential census houses

dilapidated

1961 2001 2011

30

5

65.9%2001

2011

liveable

good

URBANIZATION & UNPRECEDENTED TRANSITIONS

56

The data clearly indicates that almost all residential census houses are occupied by single households as of 2011.

There is a steep increase in the number of census towns in just 10 years as compared to the gradual increase over a span of 40 years between 1961‐2001.

With two‐thirds of housing structures in urban areas, more than 62% of Goa's population is urbanised. Till date, the State of Goa has a total of 13 municipalites and a single corporation.

With villages rapidly transforming into towns, the real challenge lies in proposing town planning schemes within limited land, accomodating all types of development.

tiles

concrete

GI/metal/asbestos

grass/mud/wood

stone/slate

burnt bricks

plastic/polythene

others

2001 2011 15 25 35 45 555

59.9% 48.7%

28.0% 36.0%

6.9% 9.2%

3.6% 2.4%

0.4% 2.0%

0.1% 0.6%

0.4% 0.6%

0.6% 0.4%

65 85 95

3

The data indicates that the prominent material for roofing are tiles [48.7%], followed by concrete [36.0%]. However, between 2001‐2011 concrete has become more popular as compared to tiles. Among others, GI/metal/asbestos [9.2%] and stone/slate [2.0%] have found widespread use.

CENSUS HOUSES: WALL MATERIAL

CENSUS HOUSES: FLOORING MATERIAL

stone

mud/unburnt brick

concrete

grass/thatch/bamboo

burnt bricks

GI/metal/asbestos

wood

others

2001 2011 15 25 35 45 555

62.7% 73.7%

19.6% 9.7%

6.0% 9.1%

3.8% 2.2%

4.0% 1.7%

1.2% 1.2%

1.8% 1.1%

0.7% 0.7%

plastic/polythene 0.3% 0.5%

65 75

While stone remains a popular material for walls, the use of mud/unburnt bricks has seen a steep drop [9.7%]. Concrete has become vastly popular [9.1%] while use of burnt bricks [1.7%] and grass/thatch/bamboo [2.2%]has substantially reduced.

flooring tiles

cement

mud

stone

others

burnt bricks

wood/bamboo

2001 2011 15 25 35 45 555

28.8% 42.2%

38.6% 37.6%

30.9% 16.2%

0.6% 2.7%

0.4% 0.9%

0.4% 0.2%

0.2% 0.2%

85 95

65 75 85 95

Between 2001‐2011, there is a significant growth in the use of floor tiles [42.2%] as a flooring material. Stone [2.7%] has also become increasingly popular.

The data also reveals a steep drop in the application of mud [16.2%] for flooring. Cement floors [37.6%] continue to be widely used.

4

HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF DWELLING ROOMS: 2011

Rural Urban

Goa

78.8%

HOUSEHOLDS BY OWNERSHIP STATUS: 2011

87.6% 9.1%

17.4% 3.7%

73.3% 22.6%

rented

others

ownedThe percentage of total owned houses is 1.5% more than that in 2001. The ownership status is rural parts is higher as compared to the urban parts.

GOA VS NATIONAL AVERAGE IN QUALITY OF HOUSES

Pucca Houses: Goa is the only state with 83.1% pucca houses.

Houses with floor finish: In Goa alone, 43.6% houses have mosaic tiles and or better floor finishes as compared to other states.

Goa

National Average

The floor finish statistics of Goa are largest among other states including Maharashtra [36.8%] and Gujarat [36.2%]

two rooms

three rooms

one room

four rooms

five rooms

six rooms and above

no exclusive room

Goa State

25.2%

24.6%

19.3%

14.8%

6.5%

6.3%

3.4%

one room and no exclusive room

two rooms

three rooms

four rooms and above

22.7%

24.6%

25.2%

27.6%

As compared to the national average of 12.82%, Goa has more than double [27.6%] households having four rooms and above. Whereas, the percentage of one room and no exclusive rooms is approximately half [22.7%] of the national average of 40.99%.

5

two rooms

three rooms

one room

four rooms

five rooms

six rooms and above

no exclusive room

Rural Urban 15 25 35 45 555

25.5% 25.0%

22.6% 25.8%

17.6% 20.4%

16.5% 13.6%

7.6% 5.8%

7.1% 5.8%

3.1% 3.6%

tap water

well

spring

others

tubewell

river

handpump

Rural Urban 15 25 35 45 555

77.8% 90.2%

15.9% 8.0%

2.8% 0.3%

2.3% 1.2%

0.4% 0.2%

0.7% 0.1%

0.1% 0.1%

65 75 85 95

From the statistics, it is evident that tap water from a treated source serves as the most important source of drinking water for all household types of Goa. Still, a staggering 22.2% households in rural Goa have no access to tap water. Wells are relatively a more popular source in rural parts [15.9%] as compared to urban [8.0%] Goa.

SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER IN GOA: 2011

With 80.7% of Goa consuming tap water, the remaining 19.3% is dependant on various other untreated sources such as wells, canals and springs of questionable quality.

tap water

well

spring

others

tubewell

river

handpump

Goa State

85.4%

11.1%

1.2%

1.5%

0.3%

0.3%

0.1%

well

tap water

all others

85.4%

11.1%

3.5%

6

HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF DWELLING ROOMS IN RURAL & URBAN PARTS OF GOA

SOURCES OF LIGHTING IN GOA: 2011

DISTRIBUTION OF LATRINE FACILITIES IN GOA: 2011

latrine facility within premises

no latrine facility within premises

The data reveals that more than half of households across Goa are equipped with latrine facilities within the premises. The percentage of households without latrine facilities is higher in rural Goa when compared to urban parts.

electricity

kerosene

solar

other oils

no lighting

15 25 35 45 555 65 75 85 95

electricity

all others

Rural Urban

Goa

79.7%

70.9% 29.1%

20.3%

85.3% 14.7%

96.9%

CASES OF OPEN DEFECATION IN GOA: 2011

Rural Urban SC ST

27.4%

9.5% 17.9%36.32%

20.3% of households have no toilets in Goa.

16.4% of households are forced for open defecation in Goa.

Among all, the cases of open defecation are the highest among the ST community owing to lack of any type of latrine facilities.

7

GOArural

urban

Electricity is clearly the main source of lighting across the state of Goa. With nearly 97% of the households dependent on this, only a marginal percentage is without lighting.

16.4%

18.7%

no latrine facility

With 16.4% of Goa devoid of any latrine facilities, provision of public toilets along with creating awareness can be seen as a viable step in the near future.

Among the households with latrine facilities within premises, majority of them have water closets with septic tanks and the remainder have pit laterines or other types.

DISTRIBUTION OF BATHING FACILITY IN GOA: 2011

81.4%

bathing enclosure without roof

no bathing facility

bathroom

81.4%

13.5%

81.3%

GOA

NORTH GOA

SOUTH GOA

GOA

NORTH GOA

SOUTH GOA

Rural Urban SC ST

18.2% 26.5%

In rural parts of Goa, where the percentage of houses without bathrooms is relatively higher, waste water is drained out into the open.

It is imperative that drains be closed and bathrooms are provided in parts of Goa that reveal a serious shortage.

8.2%

10.4%

10.7%

8.0%

10.2%

8.5%

16.0%

65.8%

21.3%

52.2%

6.2%

88.7%

11.4%

69.7%

18.9%

TYPES OF DRAINAGE CONNECTION FOR WASTE WATER

OUTLET IN GOA: 2011

no drainage

closed drainage

open drainage

Rural Urban SC ST

27.8% 50.6%

38.5%

33.5%

22.0%

23.2%

54.8%

45.8%

28.2%

26.0%

32.5%

16.9%

8

A substantial amount of Goa has no drainage facility [31.2%] at all. Even of the parts with drainage 25.1% of it is an open system.

The data across Goa for latrine, bathing and drainage facilties, there is a severe deficit among the rural parts of Goa with an alarming shortage of proper hygiene facilities among the ST community in comparison to the SC communities.

no drainage

closed drainage

open drainage

GOA

SOUTH GOA

AVAILABILITY OF KITCHEN FACILITY IN GOA: 2011

without kitchen

with kitchen

The percentage without a kitchen is marginal, with rural parts a little higher than the rest of Goa.

43.7%

25.1%

39.7%

NORTH GOA

48.6%

25.5%

26.0%

GOASOUTH GOA

91.7%

NORTH GOA

90.6%

8.3%

Rural Urban

9.4%

88.8% 93.4%

31.2%

24.4%

TYPES OF FUELUSED FOR COOKING ACROSS GOA: 2011

Types of fuel used include‐ firewood, crop residue, cow dung cake, coal, lignite, charcoal, kerosene, LPG/PNG, electricity, biogas and other sources.

LPG/PNG

firewood

kerosene

crop residue

biogas

Goa State

72.7%

20.7%

4.1%

0.9%

0.4%

firewood

LPG/PNG

all others

72.7%

20.7%

6.6%

9

TYPES OF DRAINAGE CONNECTION FOR WASTE WATER OUTLET IN GOA: 2011

35.8%

7.5%

92.5%

74.0%

71.1%72.7%

GOA

NORTH GOA

SOUTH GOA

LPG/PNG

firewood

kerosene

crop residue

biogas

Rural Urban 15 25 35 45 555

59.5% 81.1%

35.4% 11.5%

2.6% 5.1%

1.2% 0.7%

0.3% 0.4%

65 75 85 95

Research and Development in the findings of alternative sources of cooking fuels like bio‐gas and solar cooking require awareness among among households to help increase their usage.

The above studies seemingly indicate that Goa is a far more developed state as compared to rest of India. The immediate need is for a new Policy to provide better living conditions across SC & ST communities of Goa.

DISTRIBUTION OF LPG ACROSS GOA

without LPG

with LPG

27.3%

26.0%

28.9%

59.5%

40.5%

81.1%

18.9%

43.9%

56.1%

41.9%

58.1%

10

AVAILABILITY OF KITCHEN FACILITY IN GOA: 2011

Rural Urban SC ST

The statistics indicate that still 40.5% of rural parts of Goa have no access to LPG/PNG‐ making firewood the second most popular choice of fuel in these parts.

The consumption of LPG is certainly most widespread across the State and especially in the urban parts of Goa. While it appears that LPG is slowly reaching across all communities, the growth is relatively slower in the rural parts of the State.

*Data Source: Census of India‐ 2011 & 2001. Published in May 2017.

Analyses & Compilation by:

Dr. Gaurav K. Pandey Directorate of Census Operations, Goapandey.gkp@gmail.com

Data Visualisation & Organisation by:

Hrushita Davey, Architect‐Writer, Matter.Ruturaj Parikh, Director, Matter.studiomatter.in | studio@matter.co.in