Housing and Condition of Houses,Maharashtra.

7/29/2019 Housing and Condition of Houses,Maharashtra.

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5/22/2012

TATA

INSTITUTE

OFSOCIAL

SCIENCES

Housing & Condition of Houses in Maharashtra


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INSIGHT:

-Maharashtrathe second largest State in the country in terms ofpopulationwith about

9.29 percent of total countrys population. As ofcensus2011 Maharashtra has a total

population of 11,23,72,972. An increase of 1,54,94,345 during the decade 2001-11. In

2001 census, this was 9,68,78,627. Thegrowth rateof population during last decade

2001-11 is 15.99% in the State is 1.65% less than the same at county level which is

17.64%.

-The Housing and Building statistics are necessary for the

formulation, execution and evaluation of housing policies and

building programmes which constitute an integral part of the

overall social and economic plans of the country. At the centrallevel, the National Buildings Organisation (NBO), which is an

attached office under Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty

Alleviation, is the only Organisation which collects, maintains

and disseminate the authentic data on housing and related

infrastructure statistics. It also caters to the need of the planners,

policy makers and researchers in the field of housing statistics.

The housing and building statistics are also necessary for

national accounts purposes. In the context of National Housing

Policy, the availability of varied details has become all the moreimportant.

-The data on urban households and housing stock from

various Population Censuses are presented in the table given

below. It may be noted that the decadal growth rate in the

number of households has been modest 38 per cent only during

eighties and nineties. This is significantly below the figure of 54

per cent recorded during seventies. The decline in the growthduring the past two decades can be attributed to deceleration in

the rate of urbanization which was phenomenally high during

seventies, the corresponding rate being 48 per cent.
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Census

Years

HOUSEH

OLDS

(million)

Total

Housing

Stock

(Mn)

Pucca

(Mn)

Semi-

Pucca

(Mn)

Kutcha

Service

Able

(Mn)

2001 55.8 50.95 41.17 8.08 1.70

Indeed, the percentage of pucca houses is 80.8 only as per Census of 2001, the semi

pucca and serviceable kutcha accounting for the remaining 19.2 per cent. However, as

per NSSO, semi pucca and kutcha account for 24.7 per cent of theincremental housing

during the five years of the present decade.In case we take serviceable kutcha toconstitute only 3.33 percent of acceptable housing stock, the number of serviceable

kutcha constructed during 2001-07 would be 0.30 million only.The total housing stock in

2007 would then be 58.83 million giving a growth rate of 2.39 only which is realistic. This

is less than what has been observed from the Census data viz. 2.59 percent. This

appears reasonable if one accepts the proposition that the declining trend in house

construction as noted during nineties would continue in the subsequent years.

Estimation of Housing Shortage as on 2007:

As on

2011

1.Households (Mn) 66.30

2.Housing Stock (Mn) 58.83

2.1 Pucca 47.49

2.2 Semi Pucca 09.16

2.3 Kutcha 02.18


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3. Excess of Households over Housing

Stock (Mn) (1 -2)

07.47

4. Congestion factor (%) 19.11

4.1 Congestion in Households. (Mn) 12.67

5. Obsolescence factor (%) 3.60

5.1 Obsolescence in Households. (Mn) 02.39

6. Upgradation of Kuccha (Mn) (2.3) 02.18

7. Total Housing Shortage (3+4.1+5.1+6) 24.71

The definitions adopted by the Technical Group:

Household: A group of persons normally living together

and taking food from a common kitchen constituted a

household. The members of a household might or might not be

related by blood to one another.

Dwelling Unit: A accommodation availed of by a

household for its residential purposes. It might be entire

structure or a part thereof or consist of more than one structure.

Pucca: A structure whose walls and roof were made of

pucca material such as cement, concrete, oven burnt bricks,

hollow cement/ash bricks, stone, stone blocks, metals, asbestos

cement, wood, plywood etc.

Katcha structure: The structure whose wall and roof,

both, are made of non pucca material.

Unserviceable Katcha: Unserviceable katcha structure is


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the structure with thatched walls and thatched roof.

Serviceable Katcha: A katcha structure other than the

unserviceable katcha is serviceable katcha.

Semi-pucca: A structure which could not be classified as

a pucca or a katcha structure as per definition is semi-pucca.

Such structure had either the wall or the roof, but not both, made

of pucca material.

Graphical representation of structure of households in Maharashtra

-It is seen from the above graph that only about 37 per cent households were living in

pucca structure in rural areas with maximum proportion of households (50 per cent)

living in semi pucca structures. In urban areas 85 percent of the households had pucca

dwelling units.


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Highlights of census in Maharashtra:

1. Maharashtra stands 2nd with a population of 11,23,72,972 (9.29%) in the country

after Uttar Pradesh.

2. In terms of growth rate Maharashtra stands at 21st rank inIndia.3. In terms ofsex ratiothe State is in 22nd rank with 925 females per 1000 males

against 940 at national level.

4. Child sex ratio is 883 females per 1000 males against 914 at national level.

5. The State withLiteracyrate 82.9% against the national average of 74.0% stands at

12th

rank in the country.

6. Thedensityof population is 365 persons per sq. Km. as compared to 382 at

national level.

7. The proportion of children in age 0 to 6 years is 11.43 percent at the national

level.

Growth of Population during the last decade in Maharashtra

1. The State has recorded 11,23,72,972 population with growth rate 15.99 percent

over 2001 census. This was 22.73 during 1991-01. This shows reduction in growth

rate by 6.74 percentage points.

2. Total density is 365 persons per sq. Km. as compared to 315 in 2001.

3. First time, after 1921, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg have registered negative growthrate -4.96 percent and 2.30 percent respectively.

4. Mumbai, has recorded negative growth rate of -5.75 percent in 2011.

5. Highest rate of growth is in Thane (35.9 percent) followed by Pune (30.3 percent).

Overall analysis of Population in Maharashtra 2011 census

Maharashtra 2001 2011 Growth

Population 96878627 112372972 15.99%
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Housing data from Census 2011:

Next to food and clothing, housing is one of the basic need of human being both from

social as well as economic point of view. Hence, the data on housing is considered as

one of the key indicators of the socio-economic of development. The data on housing isessential for formulation of effective policy and planning of balanced and equitable

development in the country. Hence time series data on housing and housing conditions

are of great importance for the government and other agencies involved in such

activities. The Census of India conducts housing census every ten years just some

months prior to the population enumeration and this activity is considered as the first

Male 50400596 58361397 15.80%

Female 46478031 54011575 16.21%

Density 315 365 15.87%

Literacy Rate 76.5 82.9 6.40%

Sex Ratio

(Female/1000

Male)

922 925 0.33%

Child Sex

Ratio

(Girls/1000

Boys)

913 833 -8.76%

Children

between 0-6years

13671126 12848375 -6.02%


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phase of Census Operation which is one of the important part of census exercise.

Though the basic purpose of this phase of census is to prepare a frame for the second

phase, but the data collected on housing during this phase are used to present data on

housing conditions and amenities available to the households.

Number of Census houses and households:

There are 3,35,69,762 census houses in Maharashtra, of which 2,98,01,063 are

occupied and 37,68,699 (11.23 percent) are vacant. Area wise, of the

total number of census houses, 52.2 percent are in rural and 47.8 percent are in

urban. Out of all occupied census houses,2,31,77,085 houses (77.8 percent) are

used exclusively for residential and 5,42,163 (1.8 percent) census houses are used

for both residential as well as for nonresidential purpose and the rest 60,81,815(20.4 percent) census houses are used only for non-residential purposes like

shops/offices, schools, hospitals, factory/workshops etc. There are total

2,38,30,580 households in Maharashtra living in 2,37,19,248 occupied census

houses indicating the fact that about 1,11,332 (0.47 percent) households share

common census houses for their residence. This percentage of households

sharing common census house for residence in rural is more (0.56 percent) as

compared to urban (0.35 percent).

Condition of houses:

Of the total households, 92.6 households are living in a house having roof like

concrete, GI sheets, tiles or burnt bricks etc., where as 6.7 percent household

live in houses having roof like grass, thatch, bamboo or plastic etc. The respective

figures for the country as whole are 84.0 and 15.7 percent. In case of wall of the

house occupied by the households, the wall of 71.4 percent of households

in Maharashtra is either concrete, bricks, stone or GI sheets as against 65.8percent at national level. Similarly 22.6 percent of households live in

houses having wall made of mud, unburnt brick or wood and this figure at

national level is 24.4 percent. About 5.7 percent of households live in

houses having wall made of grass, thatch, bamboo or plastic as compared to 9.3

percent at national level. Similarly, there are 36.1 percent of households


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in Maharashtra are living in houses having mud as the floor of the house as

against 46.5 percent at national level and rest have other kinds of floors. As far as

use of mosaic floor tiles are concerned, it is 36.8 percent in Maharashtra as

against only 10.8 percent at national level.

Findings :

1. Only about 37 per cent households were living in pucca structure in rural areas with

maximum proportion of households (50 per cent) living in semi pucca structures. In

urban areas 85 per cent of the households had pucca dwelling units. The difference in

proportions of households having pucca structures in rural and urban areas is

remarkably high, even for the same MPCE class.

2. As many as 91 per cent of rural households reported to have own dwelling units in

rural areas. The percentage of owned dwelling units remained almost same during

1988-89 to 2002 in rural areas, while this percentage increased in urban areas from 45

per cent to 66 per cent; may be due to easy availability of housing finance. The

percentage of urban households living in hired dwelling units reduced from 46 per cent

in 1988-89

to 26 per cent in 2002.

3. Only 47 per cent rural and 81 per cent urban households had drinking water facility

within premises. On perusal of figures of earlier rounds, it is observed that during the

period 1988-89 to 1993, the situation had improved in both rural and urban areas, but

has deteriorated during 1993 to 2002. About 52 per cent of total rural households and

95 per cent urban households reported to have tap as the major source of drinking

water. Tube-well and well are still major drinking water providers for as many as 47 per

cent of rural households.

4. In rural areas, the percentages of dwelling units having Pucca floor, walls and roof are

considerably lower than those in urban area. More than one-fourth of the total urban

households were living in slums, of which half were living in notified slums. This

percentage in rural areas was marginal. A high proportion of 64 per cent of urban slums

had zero plinth level and 68 per cent had plinth area of less than 50 sq. mts.


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5.The average per capita floor area is found to be 7.14 sq. mts in rural areas, 3.74 sq.

mts in urban slum area, 8.27 sq. mts in urban area excluding slums and 7.08 sq. mts in

total urban area

District-Wise 3-way Distribution of Housing Condition in Maharashtra

Area Name

Total Good Livable Dilapidated

2001 2011Growth%

2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011

District - Ahmadnagar 742065 901748 21.52 52.72 64.53 40.79 29.08 6.49 6.39

District - Akola 313405 391135 24.8 44.95 51.63 50.7 42.47 4.36 5.89

District - Amravati 513723 637446 24.08 43.81 54.42 50.85 40.18 5.34 5.4

District - Aurangabad 526155 736587 39.99 52.97 62.54 42.72 32.29 4.31 5.16

District - Bhandara 239861 275773 14.97 44.42 52.71 48.41 40.1 7.18 7.19

District - Bid 433108 545073 25.85 40.79 53.76 52.49 39.16 6.72 7.08

District - Buldana 443878 553031 24.59 37.12 49.48 57.93 44.42 4.94 6.1

District - Chandrapur 451981 529612 17.18 44.19 55.47 45.42 35.9 10.4 8.63

District - Dhule 329868 408700 23.9 52.24 63.57 44.83 33.47 2.92 2.96

District - Gadchiroli 205751 245745 19.44 41.39 50.95 51.18 40.91 7.43 8.14

District - Gondiya 249376 289431 16.06 44.21 56.94 50.44 38.14 5.35 4.92

District - Hingoli 181035 227041 25.41 33.91 48.8 60.7 45.57 5.39 5.63

District - Jalgaon 730063 891657 22.13 53.83 60.39 42.45 35.28 3.71 4.32

District - Jalna 302549 388116 28.28 42.9 53.6 51.83 40.22 5.27 6.19

District - Kolhapur 690523 821483 18.97 60.61 74.66 36.49 23.59 2.9 1.75

District - Latur 373283 474149 27.02 44.52 57.25 47.17 37.81 8.31 4.94

District - Mumbai 648590 637738 -1.67 58.88 72.25 38.04 26.21 3.08 1.54

District - Mumbai(Suburban)

1774332 2027743 14.28 58.98 71.53 38.32 27.08 2.7 1.39

District - Nagpur 790524 995808 25.97 53.75 66.7 39.74 28.67 6.52 4.63

District - Nanded 523539 656303 25.36 38.68 46.19 53.63 47 7.69 6.81


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District - Nandurbar 250526 319623 27.58 43.11 50.29 54.7 45.89 2.19 3.83

District - Nashik 876758 1180293 34.62 55.77 65.72 40.19 30.04 4.04 4.24

District - Osmanabad 293109 348760 18.99 45.04 57.16 47.47 37.2 7.49 5.64

District - Parbhani 283603 360186 27 38.06 48.83 55.27 43.96 6.67 7.2

District - Pune 1439610 2076607 44.25 64.92 75.43 31.24 21.99 3.84 2.58

District - Raigarh 471628 596514 26.48 59.7 72.99 35.55 24.37 4.75 2.64

District - Ratnagiri 366605 393379 7.3 52.7 69.34 43.87 26.9 3.43 3.76

District - Sangli 495189 585227 18.18 54.75 68.75 38.99 26.86 6.26 4.39

District - Sindhudurg 190278 205119 7.8 53.58 68.37 41.72 27.18 4.7 4.45

District - Solapur 715075 858981 20.12 48.5 64.15 45.1 29.98 6.4 5.88

District - Thane 1700019 2430616 42.98 63.33 72.89 33.32 24.97 3.35 2.13

District-Wise Distribution of Housing Condition in Rural Maharashtra

Area Name

Total Good Livable Dilapidated

2001 2011 Growth%

2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011

District -Ahmadnagar

594446 717718 20.74 48.88 62 43.74 30.61 7.37 7.38

District - Akola 202186 247752 22.54 40.41 45.36 54.96 47.51 4.63 7.14

District - Amravati 350653 424563 21.08 39.22 48.72 54.82 44.65 5.96 6.63

District - Aurangabad 334823 419120 25.18 44.39 52.33 49.92 39.66 5.7 8.01

District - Bhandara 204664 223299 9.11 41.23 48.28 50.93 43.65 7.85 8.08

District - Bid 365245 446114 22.14 37.68 50.98 55.02 41.02 7.3 8

District - Buldana 358540 445247 24.18 33.35 46.42 61.34 46.85 5.31 6.73

District - Chandrapur 310960 352643 13.4 36.43 47.49 50.78 41.28 12.79 11.24

District - Dhule 252920 298915 18.19 47.94 59.14 49.13 37.41 2.93 3.45

District - Gadchiroli 191194 218935 14.51 40.42 48.74 51.88 42.61 7.7 8.65

District - Gondiya 222567 241802 8.64 42.55 54.44 51.92 40.33 5.54 5.23


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District - Hingoli 156346 195143 24.81 31.41 47.27 62.87 46.69 5.72 6.04

District - Jalgaon 535894 618314 15.38 50.17 55.62 45.72 38.9 4.12 5.48

District - Jalna 253425 318563 25.7 39.4 52.11 54.94 41.03 5.66 6.86

District - Kolhapur

481907 556628 15.51 57.5 73.74 39.35 24.27 3.15 1.99

District - Latur 294115 359858 22.35 42.07 54.19 49.09 40.11 8.84 5.69

District - Nagpur 294317 324568 10.28 40.16 52.73 50.23 38.96 9.61 8.32

District - Nanded 410545 487624 18.77 34.64 41.07 56.71 51.16 8.66 7.77

District - Nandurbar 215455 270533 25.56 40.02 47.16 57.76 48.92 2.22 3.93

District - Nashik 529715 661977 24.97 50.55 59.86 45.25 34.51 4.19 5.62

District - Osmanabad 252083 294816 16.95 42.92 55.6 49.15 38.23 7.93 6.16

District - Parbhani 203565 256063 25.79 32.34 44.4 60.54 47.27 7.11 8.33

District - Pune 566560 744114 31.34 59.02 71.13 34.75 23.94 6.22 4.93

District - Raigarh 358745 376520 4.95 55.11 68.15 39.51 28.3 5.38 3.56

District - Ratnagiri 328530 333645 1.56 50.27 67.16 46.34 28.75 3.39 4.1

District - Sangli 372537 432579 16.12 52.45 67.51 40.63 27.42 6.93 5.07

District - Satara 471973 518187 9.79 57.64 66.95 36.42 27.77 5.95 5.29

District - Sindhudurg 172134 180494 4.86 52.77 67.71 42.49 27.65 4.74 4.64

District - Solapur 490987 583706 18.88 45.42 62.65 46.49 29.59 8.08 7.76

District - Thane 428096 526397 22.96 47.84 57.44 45.65 36.8 6.51 5.77

District - Wardha 193846 210284 8.48 36.28 46.77 51.97 43.73 11.74 9.5

District - Washim 172664 217490 25.96 35.52 47.07 59.38 46.27 5.11 6.66

District - Yavatmal 421986 513041 21.58 34.67 44.98 58.12 46.91 7.21 8.11

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Housing and Condition of Houses,Maharashtra.

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