•

306 CON_GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22 By Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT:

H. R. 1423. A bill for the relief of Clara E. Freeman; to the Commit tee on Claims.

H. R. 1424. A bill for the relief of Ernest P . Leavitt; to the Committee on Claims.

H. R. 1425. A bill for the relief of C. W. Robbins; to the Committee on Claims.

By Mr. HARRIS of Arkansas: H. R. 1426. A bill for the relief of Mrs. F. A.

N. Yeager; to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. JENNINGS:

H. R . 1427. A bill for the relief of the New Amsterdam Casualty Co.; to the Committee on Claims.

H. R. 1428. A.. bill for the relief of Paul W. Mankin; to the Committee on Claims.

H. R.1429. A bill for the relief of Mrs. John S. Burns; to the Committee on Claims.

By Mr. KLEIN: H. R. 1430. A bill for the relief of Abraham

Gaber; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. LANE:

H. R. 1431. ,A bill for the relief of Francesco Sapienza; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.

H. R. 1432. A bill for the relief of Louise Peters Lewis; to the Committee on War Claims.

H. R. 1433. A bill granting a Distinguished Service Cross to Raymond P. Finnegan; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. McCORMACK: H. R. 1434. A bill for the relief of Anna M.

Kohler; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.

By Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts: H. R. 1435. A bill for the relief of Lillian

C. Ferreira; to the 'Committee on Claims. By Mr. MILLS:

H. R. 1436. A bill granting an increase of pension to Celia A. Chappelle; to the Com­mittee on Invalid Pensions.

By Mr. PAGAN: H. R. 1437. A bill for the relief of Mrs.

Maria Pastrana Aleman; to the Committee on War Claims.

H. R. 1438. A bill for tl:re relief of Pedro Sagazeta;- to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. .

H. R.1439. A bill for the relief of Luis Ortiz; to the Committee on World War Vet­erans' Legislation.

By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: H. R. 1440. A bill for the relief of William

Andrew Johnson; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation.

By Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky: H. R. 1441. A bill for the relief of Joe H.

Ross; to the Committee or Military Affairs. By · Mr. VORYS of Ohio:

H. R. 1442. A bill for the relief of Lafayette Gibson; to the Committee on Claims.

By Mr. WENE: H. R. 1443. A bill for the relief of Nels

Bernard Long; to the Committee on Naval Affairs.

H. R. 1444. A bill for the reliet' of Mrs. Elizabeth J. Patterson, Joy · Patterson, and Roberta Patterson; to 'the Committee on Claims.

PETITIONS, ETC.

Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Petitions and paper were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows:

35. Mr. HOCH: Resolution of the Sixteenth Ward Democratic Club, of Reading, Pa., urg­ing the favorable consideration of the Ruml pay-as-you-go income-tax plan; to the Com­mittee on Ways and Means.

36. Also, resolution of the Twelfth Ward Democratic Association, of Reading, Pa., urg­ing the favorable consideration of the Ruml pay-as-you-go income-tax plan; to the Com­mit tee on Ways and Means.

37. By Mr. CANFIELD: Resolution of the New Jersey State Council, protesting against th<.> 1lood of questionnaires issued by Federal

agencies and appealing for such agencies to confer with State authorities before initiating any additional projects which may result in further confusion, duplication, and unneces­sary new burdens on the people of New Jersey; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

38. By Mr. LAMBERTSON: Petition of Rev. C. Werner, of Randolph, Kans., and 32 other citizens of that community, joining the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Kansas in petitioning the Senate and House of Representatives to enact into law war­emergency measures regarding liquor traffic; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

39. Also, petition of Rev. J.P. Langsjoen, of Everest, Kans., and 97 other citizens of that community, joining the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Kansas in petitioning the Senate and House of Representatives to enact into law war-emergency measures re­garding liquor traffic; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

40. By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: Resolutions from the House of Representa­tives of Massachusetts, memorializing Con­gress to take immediate steps to relieve dis­tress and suffering caused by the shortage of fuel oil in Massachusetts; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

41. By Mr. TREADWAY: Resolutions adopted by the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, memorializing Congress to take immediate steps to relieve distress and suffering caused by the shortage of fuel oil in Massachusetts; to the Committee on Inter­state and Foreign Commerce.

42. By Mr. FOGARTY: Petition of the State of Rhode Island in general assembly, request­ing the Congress of the United States of America to take all necessary steps to proVide proper recognition of the men of the Ameri­can merchant marine service; to the Com­mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 1943

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. 'Ibe Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­

gomery, D. D., offered the following prayer:

Almighty God and everlasting Father, Thou hast abundantly succored us to this day upon the bosom of Thy in_­numerable mercies. Grant that these blessings may lead us to deep gratitud-e and unselfishness, building something of fidelity to Thee in our souls and helpful­ness in the lives of others; thus securing our immortality on earth; the workman dies but the work goes on forever.

Do thou breathe upon all our land the . spirit of knowledge and understanding; take away those tQ.ings which separate our people and unite them in confidence, in cooperation, and labor; may men of every station learn to love as they have learned to hate. Dear Lord of our souls, we thank Thee for ThY surpassing love and wonder and we pray that the sim­plicity of Thy teaching may turn us to its sky-born beauty; the cup of water, the bread given to hunger-bitten lips, the clothing for the wind-chilled body, the visit to the cot of pain; Oh, thus is woven the robe of righteousness that will radi­ate forever in the light of the throne eternal. Hear our humble prayer as we thus go forth in Thy holy name. Amen.

The J ou.rnal of the proceedings of yes­terday was read and approved.

ELECTION TO· STANDING COMMITTEES

Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, 1 offer the following resolution <H. Res. 68), and move its adoption.

The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­lows:

Resolved, That the followinJ.:named Mem­bers be, and they are hereby,,elected members of the standing committees of the House of Representatives, as follows: .

Accounts: Alfred J . Elliott, California; Arthur Winstead, Mississippi.

Agriculture: Hampton P. Fulmer, chairman, South Carolina; John W. Flannagan, Jr., Vir­ginia; Richard M. Kleberg, Texas; Harold D. Cooley, North Carolina; Orville Zimmerman, Missouri; Stephen Pace, Georgia; Edward W. Creal, Kentucky; W. R. Poage, Texas; George M. Grant, Alabama; Pat Cannon, Florida; Victor Wickersham, Oklahoma; Jerry Voorhis, California; Walter K. Granger; Utah; Jim McCord, Tennessee; Bolivar Pagan, Puerto Rico.

Appropriations: Michael J. Kirwan, Ohio; John M. Coffee·, Washington; W. F . Norrell, ­Arkansas; Albert Gore, Tennessee; Elmer H. Wene, New Jersey; Clinton P. Anderson, New Mexico; · Jamie L. Whitten, Mississippi; Thomas J. O'Brien, Illinois; James M. Curley, Massachusetts. ·

Banking and currency: Henry B. Steagall; chairman, Alabama; Brent Spence, Kentucky; Thomas F. Ford, California; Paul Brown, Georgia; Wright Patman, Texas; William B: Barry, New York; A. S. Mike Monroney, Okla­homa; James A. Wright, Pennsylvania; John H. Folger, North Carolina; H. Streett Baldwin, Maryland; Brooks Hays, Arkansas; La Vern R. Dilweg, Wisconsin; Roger C. Slaughter, Mis­souri; Merlin Hull, Wisconsin.

Census: A: Leonard Allen, chairman, Loui­siana; John E. Rankin, Mississippi; Ed Gos­sett, Texas; John R. Mu rdock, Arizona; J. Hardin Peterson, Florida; Graham A. Barden, North Carolina; Andrew L. Somers, New York; James F. O'Connor, Montana; Grant Furlong, Pennsylvania; Michael A. Felghan, Ohio; Thomas F . Burchill, New York. ·

Civil Service: Robert Ramspeck, chairman, Georgia; Jennings Randolph, West Virginia; John L. McMilllm, South Carolina; Henry M. Jackson, Washington; Carter Manasco, Ala­bama; Joseph A. Gavagan, New York; Nat Patton, Texas; Graham A. Barden, ·North Carolina; Thomas E. Scanlon, Pennsylvania; Arthur G. Klein, New York; Cecil R. King, California; Thomas G. Abernethy, Missis­sippi.

Claims: Dan R . McGehee, chairman, Mis­sissippi; Robert Ramspeck, Georgia; Samuel Dickstein, New York; Eugene J. Keogh, New York; Nat Patton, Texas; Carter Manasco, Alabama; William A. Rowan, Illinois; John W. Murphy, Pennsylvania; Thomas G. Aber­nethy, Mississippi; Antonio M. Fernandez, New Mexico; Harry Sauthoff, Wisconsin.

Coinage, Weights , and Measures: Andrew L. Somers, chairman, New York; John J. Cochran, Mirsouri; Compton I. White, Idaho; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; Eugene Worley, Texas; John Lesinski, Michigan; Louis J. Capozzoli, New York; Augustine B. Kelley, Pennsylvania; John P. Newsome, Alabama; William L. Dawson, Illinois; James H. Morri­son, Louisiana; Harry Sauthoff, Wisconsin.

Disposition of Executive Papers: Alfred J. Elliott, chairman, California.

District of Columbia: Jennings Randolph, chairman, West Virginia; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; John L. McMillan, South Caro­lina; John Lesinski, Michigan; Ed Gossett, Texas; William A. Rowan , Illinois; John W. Murphy, Pennsylvania; Michael A. Feighan, Oh io.

Education: Graham A. Barden, chairman, North Carolina; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; Eugene J. Keogh, New York; Jolin Lesins!d, Michigan; Charles A. Buckley, New York; Fritz G. Lanham, Texas; Mary T. Norton,

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 307 New Jersey; C. Jasper Bell, Missouri; . Augus­tine B. Kelley, Pennsylvania; William . A.

' Rowan, Illinois; John W. Murphy, Pennsyl­vania; Henry D. Larcade, Jr., Louisiana: Michael A. Feighan, Ohio.

Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives in Congress: Eugene Worley, chairman, Texas; John E. Rankin, Missis­sippi; Herbert C. Bonner, North Carolina; Carter Manasco, Alabama; John S. Gibson, Georgia; Arthur G . Klein, New York; Daniel K . Hoch, Pennsylvania.

Elections No. 1: James Domengeaux, chairman, Louisiana; C. Jasper Bell, Mis­souri; Charles A. Buckley, New York; Arthur Winstead, Mississippi; Michael A. Feighan, Ohio.

Elections No. 2: Ed Gossett, chairman, Texas; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; A. Leon­ard Allen, Louisiana; Louis J. Capozzoli, New York; J ohn P. Newsome, Alabama.

Elections No. 3: Hugh Peterson, chairman, Georgia; Eugene J. Keogh, New York; John L. McMillan, South Carolina; 0. C. Fisher, Texas; John W. Murphy, Pennsylvania.

Enrolled Bills: Arthur G. Klein, chairman, New York; Mary T. Norton, New Jersey; John J. Cochran, Missom.i; John W. Murphy, Pennsylvania.

Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ments: James A. O'Leary, chairman, New York; John J. Cochran, Missouri; William M. Whittington, Mississippi; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; Carter Manasco, Alabama; Joseph J. Mansfield, Texas; Joseph A. Gavagan, New York; Cecil R. King, California; Michael A. Feighan, Ohio; Daniel K. Hoch, Pennsylvania; William L. Dawson, Illinois.

Flood Control: William M. Whittington, chairman, Mississippi; Lex Green, Florida; A. Leonard Allen, Louisiana; Alfred J. Elliott, California; Henry M. Jackson; Washington; J. VI. Robinson, Utah; James F. O'Connor, Montana; Thomas E. Scanlon, Pennsylvania; Carter Manasco, Alabama; 0. C. Fisher, Texas; Henry D. Larcade, Jr., Louisiana; Thomas F . Burchill, New York.

Foreign Affairs: Sol Bloom, chairman, New York; Luther A. Johnson, Texas; John Kee, West Virginia; James P. Richards, South Carolina; Joseph L. Pfeifer, New York; Pete Jarman, Alabama; W. 0. Burgin, North Caro­lina; Wirt Courtney, Tennessee; Herman P. Eberharter, Pennsylvania; Thomas S. Gor­don, Illinois; Howard J. McMurray, Wiscon­sin; Will Rogers, Jr., California; J. W. Ful­bright, Arka·nsas; Milte Mansfield, Montana.

Immigration and Naturalization: Samuel Dickstein, chairman, New York; John Lesin­ski, Michigan; Lex Green, Florida; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; A. Leon~rd Allen, Louisiana; John L. McMillan, South Caro­lina; Robert Ramspeck, Georgia; Ed Gossett, Texas; Thomas E. Scanlon, Pennsylvania; Arthur Winstead, Mississippi; 0. C. Fisher, Texas; John P. Newsome, Alabama.

Indian Affairs: James F. O'Connor, chair­man, Mont ana; Joe L. Smith, West Virginia; Samuel Dickstein, New York; John R. Mur­dock, Arizona; Compton I. White, Idaho; Lex Green, Florida; Nat Patton, Texas; Henry M. Jackson, Washington; George E. Outland, California ; Antonio M. Fernandez, New Mex­ico; Arthur Winstead, Mississippi; Harry Sauthoff, Wisconsin; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska.

I nsular Affa.irs: C. Casper Bell, chairman, Mi:ssouri; JoeL. Smith, West Virginia; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; J. W. Robinson, Utah; Ed Gossett, Texas; James Domengeaux, Lou-1siar!a; John S. Gibson, Georgia; Eugene Wvtley, Texas; Cecil R. King,. California; William L. Dawson, Illinois; John W. Murphy, Pennsylvania; Antonio M. Fernandez, New Mexico; Harry Sauthoff, Wisconsin; Bolivar Pagan, Puerto Rico.

Interstate and Foreign Commerce: Clarence P. r..ea, chairman, California; Robert Crosser,

Ohio; Al1red L. Bulwinkle, North Carolina; Virgil Chapman, Kentucky; Lyle H. Boren, Oklahoma; Martin J. Kennedy, New York; Donald L. O'Toole, New York; Lindley Beck­worth, Texas; Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., Maryland; Francis J. Myers, Pennsylvania; J. Percy Priest, Tennessee; Oren Harris, Arkansas; George G. Sedowski, Michigan; Richard F. Harless, Arizona.

Invalid Pensions: John Lesinski, chairman, Miuhigan; Joe L. Smith, West Virginia; L<;lx Green, Florida; James A. O'Leary, New York; Frank W. Boykin, Alabama; Herbert C. Bon­ner, North Carolina; Augustine B. Kelley, Pennsylvania; William L. Dawson, Illinois; Thomas F. Burchill, New York; James H. Morrison, Louisiana; Daniel K. Hoch, Penn­sylvania.

Irrigation and Reclamation: Compton I. White, chairman, Idaho; J. W. Robinson, Utah; John R. Murdock, Arizona; James F. O'Connor, Montana; Thomas E. Scanlon, Pennsylvania; James Domengeaux, Louisi­ana; Eugene Worley, Texas; Andrew L. Som­ers, New York; Antonio M. Fernandez, New Mexico; . George E. Outland, California; Wil­liam L. Dawson, Illinois. ,

Judiciary: Hatton W. Sumners, chairman, Texas; Emanuel Celler, New York; Zebulon Weaver, North Carolina; Francis E. Walter, Pennsylvania; Sam Hobbs, Alabama; John H. Tolan, California; William T. Byrne, New York; Dave E. Satterfield, Jr., Virginia; Estes Kefauver, Tennessee; Joseph R. .dryson, South Carolina; Fadjo Cravens, Arkansas; Sam M. Russell, Texas; Thomas J. Lane, Mas­sachusetts; Martin Gorski, Illinois.

Labor: Mary T. Norton, chairman, New Jersey; Robert Ramspeck, Georgia; Jennings :aandolph, West Virginia; John Lesinski, Michigan; Graham A. Barden, North Caro­lina; Eugene Worley, Texas; Thomas E. Scan­lon, Pennsylvania; Augustine B. Kelley, Penn­sylvania; George E. Outland, California; Thomas F. Burchill, New York; Thomas G. Abernethy, Mississippi; 0. C. Fisher, Texas; Bolivar Pagan, Puerto Rico.

Memorials: John R. Murdock, chairman, Arizona; Mary T. Norton, New Jersey.

Merchant Marine and Fisheries: Louis J. Capozzoli, New York; Cecil R. King, Cali­fornia; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska.

Military Affairs: John Edward Sheridan, Pennsylvania; Robert L. F. Sikes, Florida; Philip J. Philbin, Massachusetts; Paul Stewart, Oklahoma; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska; Bolivar Pagan, Puerto Rico.

Mines and Mining: .Joe L. Smith, chair­man, West Virginia; andrew L. Somers, New York; J. Hardin Peterson, Florida; ·John R. Murdock, Arizona; Jennings Randolph, West Virginia; Augustine B. Kelley, Pennsylvania; James Domengeaux, Louisiana; Compton I. White, Idaho; Antonio M. Fernandez, New Mexico; Grant Furlong, Pennsylvania; James H . Morrison, Louisiana; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska.

Naval Affairs: F. Edward Hebert, Louisi­ana; John E. Fogarty, Rhode Island; Winder R. Harris, Virginia; Cameron Morrison, North Carolina; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska; Bolivar Pagan, Puerto Rico.

Patents: Frank W. Boykin, chairman, Ala­bama; Fritz G. Lanham, Texas; Charles A. Buckley, New York; Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; Arthur G. Klein, New York; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; JohnS. Gibson, Georgia; Cecil R. King, California; Henry D. Larcade, Jr., Louisiana; Arthur Winstead, Mississippi; Grant Furlong, Pennsylvania; William A. Rowan, Illinois.

Pensions: Charles A. Buckley, chairman, New York; Nat Patton, Texas; James A. O'Leary, New York; John L. McMillan, South Carolina; John S. Gibson, Georgia; C. Jasper Bell, Missouri; A. Leonard Allen, Louisiana; Carter Manasco, Alabama; Grant Furlong, Pennsylvania; Thomas G. Abernethy, Mis­sissippi; Henry D. Larcade, Jr., Louisiana.

Post Offlce and Pv::t Roads: Thomas G. Burch, chairman, Virginia; B. Frank Whel­chel, Georgia; David J. Ward, Maryland; George D. O'Brien, Michigan; Samuel A. Weiss, Pennsylvania; James H. Fay, New York; Charles E. McKenzie, Louisiana; Chet Holifield, California; Maurice J. Sullivan, Ne­vada; Tom Murray, Tennessee; Emory H. Price, Florida; Ray J. Madden, Indiana; Har­old C. Hagen, Minnesota.

Printing: Pete Jarman, chairman, Alabama; Alfred L. Bulwinl~le, North Carolina.

Public Buildings and Grounds: Fritz G. Lanham, chairman, Texas; C. Jasper Bell, Missouri; Charles A. Buckley, New York; Frank W. Boykin, Alabama; John S. Gibson, Gc;orgia; Alfred J. Elliott, California; Carter Manasco, Alabama; Joe L. Smith, West Vir­ginia; Louis J. Capozzoli, New York; Thomas G. Abarnethy, Mississippi; William A. Rowan, Illinois; George E. Outland, California.

Public Lands: J. hardin Peterson, chair­man, Florida; J. W. Robinson, Utah; Camp­to •. I. White, Idaho; Hugh Peterson, Georgia; John R. Murdock, Arizona; James F. O'Con­nor, Montana; Alfred J. E'lliott, California; Antonio M. FernandE:::, New Mexico; Daniel K . Hoch, Pennsylvania; George E. Outland, Ct>Jifornia; James H. Morrison, Louisiana; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska.

Revision of the Laws: Eugene J. Keogh, chairman, New York: J. Hardin Peterson, Florida; Ed Gossett, Texas; Arthur G. Klein, New York; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; John W. Murphy, Pennsylvania; Michael A. Feighan, Ohio.

Rivers and Harbors: Joseph J. Mansfield, chairman, Texas; Joseph A. Gavagan, New York; Lex Green, Florida; Hugh Peterson, Georgia; C. Jasper Bell, Missr;mri; Graham A. Barden, North Carolina; John E. Rankin, Mississippi; Frank W. Boy kin, Alabama; Henry M. Jackson, Washington; Cecil R. King, California; 0. C-. ·Fisher, Texas; Henry D. Lar-­cade, Jr., Louisiana; William A. Rowan, Illi­nois; Thomas F. Burch11l, New York; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska.

Roads: J. W. Robinson, chairman, Utah; William M. Whittington, Mississippi; Jen­nings Randolph, West Virginia; Hugh. Peter­son, Georgia; Nat Patton, Texas; Alfred J. Elliott, California; Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; Herbert C. Bonner, North Carolina; 0. C. Fisher, Texas;· Daniel K. Hoch, Pennsylvania; George E. Outland, California; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska.

Territories: Lex Green, chairman, Florida; Hugh Paterson, Georgia; Nat Patton, Texas; J. W. Robinson, Utah; Ed Gossett, Texas; James F. O'Connor, Montana; Augustine B. Kelley, Pennsylvania; John S. Gibson, Geor­gia; Louis J. Capozzoli, New York; Henry D. Larcade Jr., Louisiana; George E. Outland, California; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska; Bolivar Pagan, Puerto Rico.

War Claims: Joseph A. Gavagan, chairman, New York; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; Eu­gene Worley, Texas; Thomas E. Scanlon, Penn­sylvania; Lex Green, Florida; Herbert C. Bon­ner, North Carolina; Arthur G. Klein, New York; Daniel K. Hoch, Pennsylvania; James H. Morrison, Louisiana; John P. Newsome, Alabama; Arthur Winstead, Mississippi.

World War Veterans' Legislation: John E. Rankin, chairman, Mississippi; Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; J. Hardin Peterson, Florida; A. Leonard Allen, Louisiana; John S. Gibson, Georgia; John L. McMillan, South Carolina; James Domengeaux, Louisiana; William A. Rowan, Illinois;· Thomas G. Abernethy, Mis­sissippi; John P. Newsome, Alabama; Thomas F. Burchill, New York; Grant Furlong, Penn­sylvania.

The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the resolution.

The resolution was aoreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the

table.

308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY· 22 CIVIL-SERVICE EMPLOYEES

Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to proceed for 1 minute.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Speaker, here is

some food for thought and action for the special committee investigating civil­service employment. To those of us who see Washington thronged with Federal employees, hearing the complaints of some of them that they are not busy half the time it is discouraging and discon­certing· t~ see the Civil Service Commis­sion putting out such propaganda as this:

TELEGRAM FOR MR. AND MRS. AMERICA WAsHINGTON, D. C.-Federal agencies must

find st enographers and typists to fill thou­sands of vacancies. Situation critical. War program suffers delay. Will you inform girls 17% years old and up that they wi~l rec~iye immediate appointment upon passmg CIVll­service test? Salaries hiked to $146 and $164 a month. Apply any first- or second-class post office.

TENTH CIVIL SERVICE REGION, New Orleans, La.

I assume that a similar statement has gone ·forth from every other region in the United States, and we hear such ap­peals over the radio. Certainly this spe­cial committee should look into this and stop this kind of practice.

(Here the gavel fell.] EXTENSION OF REMARKS

Mr. DELANEY. Ml-. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks and include a short poem.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE

Mr. MANASCO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that I may address the House for 10 minutes today after the other special orders have been disposed of. · .

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS

Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD and include therein an editorial.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks in the RECORD and include therein a speech by ex-President Hoover on increased farm production, deliver~d last night . .

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? . There was no objection·.

Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my re­marks in the RECORD and to include therein a short news article.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection.

Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks and include therein a letter from a con-stituent. . · The SPEAKER. Is there objection?

There was no objection. <By unanimous consent, Mr. HEBERT

and Mr. HoLIFIELD were granted per­mission to extend their own remarks in the RECORD.)

SOUTHERN VOLUNTEERS

Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to extend my remarks and include therein one paragraph ap­pearing in an article in yesterday's Post, entitled "America at War," by Selden Menefee.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Speaker, in yes­

terday's Post there appeared an article under the title "America at War," in which this paragraph appears:

The South, with its high birth rate and large number of youths eligible for the draft, has a disproportionately high number of men in the armed forces. More than that, poverty is so widespread that to southern youth Army life seems attractive by com­parison to life back home. Southerners are volunteering by the thousands, before their numbers come up.

Mr. Speaker, you know any writer who would say such a thing about the young men in the armed forces in this critical time and can still obtain space thereafter is something of a miracle. We need men who write in our papers today with patriotic pens, not with pens which are motivated apparently by their bellies. If this calumnist knew the young men that I know from my home district who are at present in Guadalcanal and in Buna and in Africa, and could be know the vital suffering, the terrific pestilence, and the constant danger which confronts them, he would bow his bead in shame~

[Here the gavel fell.J PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE

Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan:mous consent to address the House for 1 minute.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, one of

the many troubles, in the case of appli­cations from small business, is the long delay consumed in processing applica­tions after they have been filed. For in­stance, I have personal knowledge of a small engraving company which filed an application for the use of a small amo'!lnt of critical material months ago. In spite of its every effort to push the application to approval, month after month has passed and no decision has been reached on the application. The delays and red tape seem to be insur­mountable in spite of the fact that this company needs the small amount of metal for the purpose of working upon Army publications. The company is pro­ducing company and regimental books

for the Army containing histories and information about these units; and high, Army authorities have certified without results as to the vital importance of such publications in maintaining the hi~h morale of the men in service. I have m my possession photostatic copies of let­ters from War Department officials ex­pressing the desire for them.

This is only one instance of the many thousands of applications which when filed are lost in the shuffle. By useless regulation requiring the filing of new application after the applicant has been working upon his original application for many months, by requiring an ap­peal to be taken in certain cases when a decision is what is wanted, by sending the application to other depar tments f.or so-called special study when a decision could be made promptly by the office which originally received the applica­tion, and by many other devious forms of red tape, applications are allowed to languish and die as the small business­man vitally needed by the N::-.tion fights for his very existence.

I am confident the Patman committee will dig deeply into the many complaints which have come to me from Louisiana and elsewhere and will give to the small businessmen of the Nation promptness in the handling of these matters !md by doing so will aid the the war effort and hasten the day of victory.

[Here the gavel fell.] ·NEWSPAPER COLUMNISTS

Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and. to revise and extend my own remarks.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, we are all

agreed with the gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERG] in what he said about this writer who reflects on our white boys of the South who are fighting the Nation's battles in this war.

He need not be surprised that the writer of such slander continues to get his column into a paper that persists in carrying what is called the Merry-Go­Round, written by those scavengers who perpetrated that loathsome volume known as The Nine Old Men, in which they attempted to besmirch, beslime, be­little, and destroy confidence in the Su­preme Court of the United States.

It is about time the press of this coun­try drove such scavengers from the col­umns of their publications if they wish to retain the respect of the American people.

~XTENSION OF REMARKS ·

Mr. ANDERSON of New Mexico. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­tend my own remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­

imous consent to extend my own remarks

1943 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 309 In the RECORD and include. therein an article from the Oil City Derrick of Oil City, Pa.

The SPEAKER. Witnout objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent to extend my own re­marks in the RECORD and to include an editorial from the St. Louis Post-Dis-

. patch. The SPEAKER. Without objection, ·it

Js so ordered. There was no objection. Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent that the gentleman from Vermont [l.\tlr. PLUMLEY] may ex­tend his own remarks in the RECORD and include a speech recently made by him before the Vermont Legislature.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Js so ordered. ·

There was no objection. Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and include an editorial.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Js so ordered.

There was no objection. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE

Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that on Tuesday next I may address the House for 20 minutes after the conclusion of the legislative business and the special orders, following the gentleman from New York [Mr. DICKSTEIN].

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Js so ordered. -

There was no objection. NEWSPAPER COLUMNISTS

Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. '

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. HOFFMAN; Mr. Speaker, if I

understood the gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERGl correctly, the article to which he referred app~ared in the Wash­ington Post. The Washington Post, he must remember, is one of the publica­tions in that plot to destroy the confi­dence of the people in Congress, and so to destroy Congress itself. It is not surprising that it and it~ publisher, Eugene Meyer, holding the views they do, should make such a charge. I call at­tention k the fact that I have Resolution 13 on the desk. If the gentleman will help get that resolution through, we will uncover the activities of those who are in that plot. I may also say that if you will refer to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of a few days ago to an article inserted -by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. PAT­MAN], you will learn that the percentage of volunteers from Texas in the present war is greater than that from any other State.

It is doubtful if there is any other publication in the country which would open its columns to so false-so das­tardly-a charge as that referred to by

the gentleman from Texas [Mr. · KLE­BERG]. Certain we may all be that neither the publisher of the Post, Mr. Meyer, or his purge-smear artists, would venture to even hint at such a charge and to intimate that any motive other than that of patriotism inspired those enlistments, if he were within the State of Texas.

[Here the gavel fell.] ADJOURNMENT OVER

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that when the House adjourns today it adjourn to meet on Monday next.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS

COMMISSION

Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­dress the House for 1 minute, to extend. and revise my own remarks, and to in­clude an article from the Baltimore Sun.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr.

Speaker, I wish to draw the attention of the membership to an extension of re­marks of my own which I want to put in the RECORD today in which I shall include an article from the Baltimore Sun which tells about the reduction of nearly $50,-000,000 per year in telephone rates which has been brought about by certain action of the Federal Communications Commis­sion.

I hope earnestly that the committee set up to investigate this body will sift thor­oughly any charges that have been made against the Commission. But I also be­lieve the committee should carefully con­sider the problems with which the Com­mission is supposed to deal and should take proper account of the benefits that can accrue to the people from proper, constructive, and courageous action by it.

[Here the gavel fell.] REFLECTION ON SOUTHERN YOUTH

Mr. GOSSETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my own remarks in the RECORD.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. GOSSETT] ?

There was no objection. Mr. GOSSETT. Mr. Speaker, I ad­

dress you with further reference to the subject of which my colleague [Mr. KLE­BERG] and my colleague, [Mr. RANKIN], have just spoken. First, I want to thank the gentleman from Michigan for calling your attention to some statistics that were placed in the RECORD last Tuesday by myself.

The newspaper article to which the gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERG] referred is not the first time that some disreputable commentator has referred to and reflected upon the patriotism of the South. May I say that anyone who intimates that the great number of vol­unteers from Texas in the armed serv­ices of -~his country is occasioned by any-

thing other than patriotism and good citizenship is either a villain or a fool and we can prove that by facts and :figures.

Mr. · McCORMACK. Will the gentle­man Yield?

Mr. GOSSETT. I yield to the gentle­man from Massachusetts.

Mr. McCORMACK. Any reflection by anyone, either directly or indirectly, upon the youth of this generation is vicious and reprehensible. If the youth of any generation has risen, and I refer to the youth of all parts of the country without regard to where located, to the greatest heights when our country has been imperiled, it is the youth of today.

Mr. GOSSETT. I thank the gentle­man.

[Here the gavel fell.] PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE

Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that on Monday next at the conclusion of the legislative busi­ness in order for the day and after any special orders heretofore entered, I may be permitted to address the House for 15 minutes.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. ANGELL]?

There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS

Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, ·I ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD and to include an open letter on the sub­ject of the farm manpower situation, the letter being written by the secretary of the South Dakota c}lapter of the Citizens for Victory Committee.

The SPEAKER~ Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT]?

There was no objection. CREATION OF' SELECT COMMITTEE ON

SMALL BUSINESS

Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I call up House Resolution 18 and ask for its im­mediate consideration.

The Clerk read .the resolution, as fol­lows:

Resolved, That there is hereby created a select committee to be composed ot seven Members ot the House ot Representatives to be appointed by the Speaker, one ot whom he shall designate as chairman. Any va­cancy occurring in the membership ot the committee shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.

The committee is authorized and directed to conduct a study and investigation of the problems ot small business, existing, arising, or ·t.hat may arise because of the war, with particular reference to (1) whether the po­tentialities of small business are being ade­quately developed and utilized, and, if not, . what factors have hindered and are hinder­ing such development and utilization; (2) whether adequate consideration is being given to the needs of small business engaged in nonwar activities, or engaged in the tran­sition from nonwar activities to war activi­ties; (3) whether small business is being treated fairly and the public welfare prop­erly and justly served through the allotments of valuable materials in which there are shortages, in the granting of priorit-ies or preferences in the use, sales, or purchase of said materials; and (4) the need for a sound

310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22 program for the solution of the post:o_war pxoblems of small business.

The committee shall report to the House (or to the Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) as soon as practicable dur­ing the present Congress the results of its investigation, together with such recom­mendations as it deems desirable.

For the purposes of this resolution the committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at such times and places, whet1ler or not the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjouned, to employ such personnel, to bon-ow from Government depa'ftments and agencies such special assistallts, to hold such hearings, to requite the attendance of such Witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas shall be issueu under the signature of the chairman of the committee or any member design a ted by him, ann shall be served by any person designated by such chairman or member. The chairman of the committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.

Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I shall later on yield to the gentleman from New York [Mr. FisH] and the gentle­man from Indiana [Mr. HALLECK] jointly 30 minutes.

Mr. Speaker, in the last session of Congress there was created the so-called small businessman's committee, which has done very splendid work in the short space of time that they had to act.

T.tie resolution now under considera­tion provides for the re-creation of that committee. It provides for the appoint­ment of nine members, who would con­tinue in their effort to aid the small businessmen of the Nation. For many months, yes; for several years, we have heard a great many complaints from the Democratic as well as the Republican side against discriminations involving the small businessman. ·we have heard complaints that large business has been receiving 75 to 80 percent of all the war contracts, and that the small business­men, the small plants and factories, have been ignored, thereby creating condi­tions of an unsatisfactory nature in many sections of our country-conditions which have not been wholesome nor beneficial so far as the production and aid to our war effort is concerned.

May I say that as early as 1931 I in­traduced a bill which would have created what was then known as the National Relief Corporation to aid the small busi­nessmen. 1 tried to obtain the passage of that 'bill in 1931 when the conditions in our country were deplorable. not on account of any Democratic activities but due to mismanagement on the part of those then in power, unfortunately. Though I endeavored to obtain the pas­sage of that measure to afford relief to · the small businessmen, nothing was done because those in power at that time thought it would be better to wait until 1932, the Presidential election year, and that it would give them a splendid issue for the reelection of the then President, Mr. Hoover. I stated then that they were .making a great mista}ce; that con­ditions would get worse, and no one could foretell what would happen. They failed to act. Finally. we passed the act crenting the R~construction Finance.

Corporation, which was merely an ajd to the big insurance companies, the b8Jnkers, and the railroads. The little fellow was left out.

I immediately started out again and tried to amend the act to make it possi­ble to relieve the small businessmen. Ever since that time that has been my constant aim. I will tell you why I have been doing this. I recalled the condi­tions that existed in 1917. I saw the avariciousness of the big business people. In 1917 big business was grabbing all the orders and obtained nearly all the work of the Government at the expense of the Middle West and the small manufac­turers.

In 1939, and again in-· 1940, to avoid making the same mistakes again, I urged that real consideration be given to the small businessman, and that the avail­able plants should be utilized by the Gov­ernment in promoting production for war needs rather than to construct huge new plants or to expand the present large ones.

·vvithir~ the last fe-.'IJ months charges have been made that the small business­man is still being annoyed and thet noth'ing is being d{)ne fo.r him. I wish to inform those who make such charges that they are in error-that within the la~t year a great deal has been done for the small businessman.

Mr. HOFFMA.l"\f. Mr. Speaker, w.m the gentleman yield?

Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle­man from Michigan.

Mr. HOFFMAN. Does the gentleman mean by sending them questionnaires?

Mr. SABATH. No. I may say to the gentleman that 6 months ago I called the attention of the President and of others to the matter of the sending out of un­necessary questionnaires. Shortly there­after the President urged a simplifica­tion of these questionnaires, and that is now being done. Unfortunately, some of the new agencies have not carried out the President's desire to be of aid with as little annoyance as possible to small business or business in general. I hope that now that conditions are improving from day to day the small businessman will not be annoyed by these many ques­tionnaires but instead will be given the benefit of many war orders he has been seeking and pleading for.

When we originally considered the creation of this committee, there were many who objected to taking favorable action. I for one am indeed grateful and pleased that I have been instrumental and helpful in bringing about the crea­tion of this committee, of which the gentleman from Texas [Mr. PATMAN] is chairman. That committee has ren­dered the House, the small businessmen, and the country extremely valuable service. It is due to the etiorts of the members of that committee that thou­sands of small businessmen are now be­ing provided with work, and that the Middle West, the North, the South, and t~1e East are receiving a much larger por­tion of the work and employment. Therefore, I believe it to be our duty in the interest of the small businessman to reestablish this committee, giving them

addttional power so that they can con­tinue in the future to be of service as they have in the past.

I know that many complaints a year ago came from this side. Charges were being made that people came here to Washington and did not know where to turn, that they were being sent from one agency to the other, and, after hav­ing been here for weeks, were sent home empty-handed without any work: I am, indeed, pleased to know that ever since this committee was created, the depart­ments and bureaus have paid some at­tention to the little fellows who do not keep special agents here by the year-­men to whom the large manufacturers can afford to pay :$10,000, $15,000, $20,-000, or $25,000 a year-noT do they know those agents who have an "in" with some of the departments and who, as has been testified before our committee, have received as high as $100,000 to $150,0.00 in commissions. The little fel­lows do not know such men.

N"Ow they have a place to go; they can appeal to our congressional committee for assistance and advice. They obtain that assistance and advice, and I know that many small businessmen in many secti{)ns of the country have been bene­fited to a great extent. I know that you on this side of the aisle do not now hear the complaints you heard up to a few months ago. The small businessman is now being taken . care of to the best of our ability, but not to the extent that he should be, because it is generally Tecog­nized that big business, the large indus­tries, have up to 75 percent of all the war work there is to be done and only about 25 percent is left for the small plants, of which there are nearly 280,000 in. the United States. However, conditions are improving. The small businessman is being taken care of and receiving consid­eration, mainly due to your etiorts and the efforts of your committee. I appre­ciate and I am gratified and pleased with the services this committee has rendered.

Mr. NEWSOME. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

' Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle­man from Alabama.

Mr. NEWSOME. As a little business­man, may 1 say that this resolution goes much deeper than just the preservation of the little businessman. It goes to the heart of the preservation of our system of distributic.n and the preservation of opportunity for the young men coming back from the war.

Mr. SABATH. I am grateful to the gentleman for his statement. I know that 1s true. I am indeed pleased that the activities of this committee will aid in the direction the gentleman has men­tioned.

Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Speak­er .• will the gentleman yield?

Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle­woman from ll1inois.

Miss SUMNER of Illinois. I am inter­ested in the cost of the various investi­gating committees. About how much does a committee like this cost?

Mr. SABATH. I believe this commit­tee spent a little over $15,000, but the chairman of the committee will explain

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 311 that. May I say to the gentlewoman from Illinois that we have on that com­mittee perhaps the two hardest-working Republicans in the House, men in whom I and the House have the utmost confi­dence. I know they will thoroughly and clearly explain the activities of the com­mittee and that my distinguished col­league and every other Member will be satisfied with its activities and accom­plishments and will vote unanimously for the resolution to continue its effec­tive wo:.·k for the small businessmen.

Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. £ABATH. I yield to the gentle­man from Michigan. ' Mr. HOFFMAN. Is the gentleman of the opinion that the work of that com­mittee is such that it will require a great deal of the attention of the committee members; that is, is it a hard job, a job · that requires for some time, anyway, quite a little attention?

Mr. SABATH. I do not believe that a~ great deal of time will be required. They already have a splendid foundation. .They have made a good start, and I t hink from now on all they need to do is to follow the program which they began, and it will be much easier to at­tain speedier and still greater results. I also think that with the aid of the help the committee will obtain from some of the departments, the members of the committee will be able to give the time to legislation that may require their presence on the floor of the House-and you know I would not like to deprive any Republican from being on the floor of the House, especially at this time, be­cause we will need all of them here at vJl times.

Mr. HOFFMAN. I just want to know if the gentleman thinks that it could do something for the farmer. Does the power of the committee go far enough?

Mr. SABATH. Oh, yes; that is in­cluded.

Mr. HOFFMAN. If they can restore some of the dairy herds, that would help a lot.

Miss SUMNER of · Illinois. And I would like to see these investigating committees have meetings here where we can attend them. Has this commit­tee been on any trips?

Mr. SABATH. I do not know. I have not been with them. They have made some trips, but they spent very little money, taking into consideration the amount of work they did. I think that every dollar that was spent, was well spent, and has been of great benefit to the small businessmen of the country.

Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, will the gen~leman yield?

Mr. SABATH. Yes. , Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Has the

gentleman not observed and does he not feel that a lot of this attitude which has been in existence in respect to the small businessman has been aggravated un­necessarily by some of the bureaucrats who have wanted to get their names in the newspapers, who have been telling these small businessmen that they might just as well lock their doors in their places of business? That has done a lot ·

of harm. It may not have been inten­tional but it should never have been said.

Mr. SABATH. I agree with the gen­tleman that the conditions and the view­point of the small businessman have been aggravated by statements that have been made, but I will not say that it is by the bureaucrats. Unfortunately, I think it is being done by people who are un­friendly to the administration. It was done for the purpose of creating preju­dice and resentment against the ad­ministration, which has actually tried to aid the small businessman.

Mr. HOFFMAN. What about the re­sults of the November election?

Mr. SABATH. Oh, well, we have no election today.

Mr. HOFFMAN. We had one the other day in Missouri.

Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Will the gentleman please yield for an obser­vation?

Mr. 3ABATH. Yes. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. There is

no politics in the matter so far as I am conr.erned, but I took a small business­man from a little town to a man and I do not know whether he was a Democrat or a new dealer or a Republican, but I do know that the first thing he said to this man was "Well, you might just as well go home and turn the key. in your door until the war is over." My friend nearly went through the floor.

Mr. SABATH. Was this man to whom you took this individual in one of the departments?

Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Yes, in the War Production Board, but my little man is still in business, and is staying in business, I hope.

Mr. SABATH. I will t-ell the gentle­man where the trouble lies. The trouble has been that too many of these one­dollar-a-year men have been brought in by various gentlemen who have been originally designated and appointed by the President, in good faith, believing that they had the interests of the coun­try at heart and that they would supply men or surround themselves with men who also would have the interest of the country at heart and bring about econ­omy in the departments, as well as effi­ciency and a greater production, but unfortunately, as I have stated, some of these men who have been brought in by these dollar-a-year officials in various 8,gencies and departments were con­nected with large industries, with large corporations, and they had their friends and favorites to take care of. Conse­quently when a little fellow came in he would be pushed aside, and he would t ~ discouraged, so that those on the in­side could exercise free rein in giving those whom they knew nd favored ad­vance information and award them the bulk of the contracts. That is the reason this committee was created, and that is the reason I am urging its reappoint­ment.

I say to the House that here is a file, only a portion of · a file, compiled in my work to aid the small businessman. I know that 2 years or 2% years ago I sought the assistance of Donald M. Nel­son, then Director of Purchases of the

Office of Production Management, and after explaining the situation to him he finally promised that he would create a separate division to aid in the fair dis­tribution of contracts to small manufac­turers. I stated to him that the Presi­dent urged such a division, and I know that Mr. Nelson talked to him about it and I know that the President did say that he was interested in the small busi­nessman. Well, the division was created in the agency-the Division of Contract Distribution-and a businessman was put at 'the head of it, but the division failed to effect a distribution of contracts to the small manufacturers; whether through lack of cooperation of dollar-a-year pro­curement officials or due to inexperienced officials within the Division itself who did not have a knowledge of the problems of small manufacturers seeking contracts, I do not know. Therefore, the efforts of Mr. Nelson at that time to h~lp the small manufacturers did not materialize, as I had hoped they would, and as he had hoped.

Nevertheless, we have created a new organization through the aid and assist­ance of this committee. A law was en­acted in July 1942 establishing the Smaller War Plants Corporation which is in position to see that every small businessman or manufactur~r who has a plant that can be utilized will have it utilized in the war effort. We know that the operation of small plants will tend to economy and efficiency and also will expedite production as well as serv­ing to balance employment in various sections of the country.

Mr. NEWSOME. May I suggest to the gentleman that through the necessities of the war, through shortages and re­strictions, we are actually eliminating so many little businesses that we are creat­ing a monopoly.

The purpose of this committee is to formulate plans so that individual op­portunity will exist in the future. It is very important.-

Mr. SABA TH. Yes, sir. Mr. DEWEY. Mr. Speaker, will the

gentleman yield? Mr. SABA TH. To my colleague, of

course, I could not refuse. Mr. DEWEY. I would like to call to

the gentleman's attention, as well as the attention of the members of this com­mittee, which I feel very certain will be continued, the fact that due to the .co- . operation between members of the Com­mittee on ·Banking and Currency and the Committee on the Judiciary, section 12 was put into the so~called smaH­business bill, which permits cooperation between small businesses without run­ning foul of the provisions of the Anti­Trust Act and the Federal Trade Com­mission Act. I think the committee should draw the attention of small busi­nesses to that possibility of cooperation in the war effort. It is not usually given.

Mr. SABATH. Yes. I am familiar with that provision. I know that Senator MuRRAY and his committee, in conjunc­tion with our commi~tee, has worked on it, and the· men who represent so-called small business have been active to bring that about. I was indeed pleased with

312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22 the inclusion of the provisHm in the Smaller War Plants Corporation Act and that it will materially aid the small man­ufacturer in negotiating war contracts without running counter to the Anti­trust Act and the Federal Trade Com­mission · Act goes without saying, and I appreciate the cooperation of the Com­mittee on the Judiciary an:d the Commit­tee on Banking and Currency that led to the incorporation of section 12 of the bill.

Mr. Speaker, I regret that since ~he passage of the Smaller War Plants Act there have been some complaints as to its activity-complaints here and there that it was not effectively functioning in aiding the small manufacturer to obtain .contracts. Aside from its duty to effect the distribution of contracts to small ·manufacturers, it has at its disposal an authorization of $15{),000,000 for loan purposes and f'Or .a slightly higher award price in sections where a manufacturer is compelled to pay high wages and rent­als. I regret that I have not had the time to check or investigate the activities Qf the Corporation to date-as to the number of contraets that it has been in­strumental in placing with small manu­facturers, the loans made, et cetera. I am told that within the last few days a change has been made in the director­-Ship of the Corporation and that a gen­tleman has been appointed who is a busi­ness executive and a man of ability.

There has just come to my notice .a release dated January 18 from the Office of War Information of the War Produc­tion Board, carrying an announcement ()f Hon. Lou E. Holland, Deputy Director· ·of the War Production 'Board and Chair­man of the Smaller War Plants Corpo­ration. The release carries a heartening report as to the placement of contracts awarded to concerns employing from 5 to 500 persons~ totaling over $1,000,000,-000 in the last 2 months. I am ·inserting it in the RECORD for the information of the Congress and the small businessmen of the country, as follows;

Over a billiOn dollars' worth ot Army eon­tracts have been placed during the last 2 .months with concerns employing from 5 to 500 persons, it was announced yesterday by Lou E. Holland, Deputy Director of the War Production Board and Chairman ·of the Smaller War Plants Corporation. This ts ln support of the personal pledge girven by Lt. Gen. Brehon Somervell.., Commanding Officer, Services of Supply, War DepaTtment, to Mr. Holland that the procurement 'Officers of the War Department would . cooperate to t:Pe fUllest wlth the Smaller War Plants Division.

Mr. Holland hailed the cooperation of the War Department procur.ement officers and predicted that this was simply the fore­xunner of an eve11 greater distribution of war contracts among distressed plants.

''During November and December alone," Mr. Holland pointed out "'1 supply serv­ices of the War Depal'tment awarded 43,056 supply contracts totaling '$846,000,000 to plants employing between 1ive and five hun-. dred persons. These contracts account for 24 percent of the total dollar volume of :all contracts awarded by these services during these 2 months. .Additional. subcontracts were distributed by the Army among 3 ,274 fums With a total spending of $151 ,500,000."

The Air Forces procurement offi.cers at 1

Wright Field in Da-yton, Ohio, have placed during November and December a total $50,-

SOO,OOO .among 73S :firms employing less than 500 wage earners. This business., Mr. Hol­land said, was .in.ereasing steadlly.

The ~redit for the distribution of this total of $1,047,800,000 of war contracts to small :plants, according to Mr. Holland, is due to the full support being given by the pl'ocure­ment ag-eneies of the Army to the principles established by the Smaller War Plants Divt-6ion.

Mr. Speaker, I do not know whether all the .complaints registered against the Smaller War Plants Corporation are 1

justified, but I feel that credit should be given when due. and the release indi­cates aid has been given in the past 2 months. The Corporation was appointed in August 1942, and has been operating approximately 6 months. To those of us who know of the trials and tribula­tions of the small businessman coming to Washington during the past 2 years. who were given the run-around and forced to return to their homes empty­handed. it can be .surmised that the Corporation had many difficulties to overcome. As I stated eadier in my re­marks, the infiltration of dollar-a-year men in the eaxly defense agencies and the appointment of business executives connected with "firms seeking Govern­ment contracts. all led to the awarding of contracts to the firms with which they were associated. to the exclusion of the small manufacturers. The task of the Corporation has been to break down the grabbing of contracts by the large firms and the fair and equitable distribution to the small manufacturer. The release indicates that some departments and agencies are cooperating with the Smaller War Plants CorpO'I.·ation and I feel that it should be the immediat·e duty . of our small business investigating oom­mittee to ascertain what departments and agencies have not 'Cooperated with the Corporati.on since its establishment~ or why they have not done so sooner. I k:now that the membersrup will en­courage the new chairman and it is hoped that the $150,000,000 authorization will be utilized in addition to the other aid that we can give to small business. The small business committee has been created to aid small business and that is what the administration and the President are anxious to have accom­plished.

I reserve the balance of my time and I n{)W yield to the gentleman from New York [Mr. FisH] 30 minutes.

Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield my­self 5 minutes.

Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. FISH. I yield. Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Mr.

Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my rem rks in the RECORD and include a statement made by former President Herbert Hoover last night.

The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks that has already been done, but, without objection, permission will be granted.

There was no objection. Mr. FISH. Mr . . Speaker, this is a very

important resolution. It comes to the House with the unanimous report of the Committee on Rules. It continues the :special oommittee that was set up in the last Congress to study the problems of

small business. The .only amendment made to the resolution was to increase the membership from seven to nine.

I believe one of the most important p.:-oblems before the Congress and the American people is that of small busi­ness. The plight of the small business­man is appalling and tragic. Some 400,000 small businessmen are faced with the very serious danger of extinction. They are fighting for their very exist­ence against regimentation, against red tape. against the burden of taxes, and if this Congress does not do something immediately hundreds of thousands of small businessmen will be ruined and wiped out with all their investments, goodwill, and employment. Therefore, the expenditure of a mere $25;000 to help solve this pr"Oblem is little enough.

I wish I could agree with my colleague. · the . chairman of the Rules Committee

[Mr. SABATH], that the condition of the small businessmen is greatly improved and they are facing happier and better times. We have to face conditions as they are. Everybody knows~ because there are small businessmen in every congressional district in the United States, including the big cities, that they are being backed to the wall and are being squeezed out of business. and that most of them are afraid they cannot continue much longer in their livelihood.

Every Member of Congress, particularly on this side~ knows that one of the main issues in the recent campaign for Con­gress was the preservation of free Amer­ican enterprise and opposition to collec­tivism and totalitarianism. The small businessman for the past 150 years or more has been the backbone of the American system of free enterprise, based upon private initiative and rea­sonable profit. It is the small ·busi­nessman that has made for the growth, development, and prosperity of the United states. Today the small busi­nessmen are appealing, Democrats and Republicans · alike by the hundreds of thousands, to the Congress for imme­diate assistance and protection. They are properly giving Congress the Mace­donian cry, "Come over and help." It ls the duty of Congress to act before it is too late.

I admit that this special committee we are about to re-create, or any other rom­mittee of Congress, cannot solve the en­tire problem. and that hundreds of thousands "Of small businessmen may be forced out of business within a year due to the regimentation of the New Deal and its collectivist doctrines. They can­not hire labor. They cannot compete in the labor market. They cannot get goods to replace those taken from their shelves. The war is taking their sons and salesmen, and gasoline restrictions and priorities make the plight of the smaU businessmen desperat~. Back of the entire problem is the question of free enterprise as Qpposed to collectivism. This special committee has rendered great service already, and we believe it will continue to render even greater service to the small businessmen, but

. none of us must be so foolish as to be­lieve for a moment that this committee will ·have the power to solve the problem.

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 313 The problem is far deeper. It has to do with our times. It has to do with the war and taxes. It has to do with the New Deal and the march to collectivism, regimentation, and bureaucracy, and its failure to distribute war orders to the small shops and factories.

[Here the gavel fell.] Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield my­

self 1 additional minute. Mr. McCORMACK. Will the gentle­

man yield? Mr. FISH. I yield to the majority

leader. Mr. McCORMACK. I think the

gentleman from New York will agree that every member of the committee, both Democrat and Republican, is wholeheartedly working to try to make the maximum contribution ·toward solv­ing this very trying and difficult problem.

Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I am sure the gentleman's statement is correct; it is a very able committee. I shall yield 10 minutes each to 2 of the minority mem­bers, the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HALLEcK] and the gentleman from Mis­souri [Mr. PLOESERJ, under the rule so that the new Members, and the old Members too, may know what has been done and what the committee expects to do for the small businessmen of Ameri­ca. Everybody knows that neither this committee nor even the Congress can solve the whole problem. They know also, however, that without assistance the small businessman cannot continue in existence. We must do everything we can to help him and do it immediately.

[Here the gavel fell.] Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, how

much time have I remaining? The SPEAKER. The gentleman has

7 minutes remaining. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield to

the chairman of this special committee, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. PATMAN], 5 minutes.

SMALL BUSINESS COMMITTEE

Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have been a Member of this body for 14 years, and every year during this time the gen­tleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATHJ has done something toward aiding and as­sisting small business. Everything he said here this morning I remember. I remember his efforts to aid small busi­ness; the small businessman does not have a better friend in either the House or the Senate than the able and dis­tinguished gentleman from Illinois.

Obviously, in the short time allotted to me, it will be impossible to give a full account of the activities of this commit­tee, but may I suggest, that the com­mittee is entitled to the major part of the credit for the passage in the House of four important laws in the past year for aid and assistance to small business.

Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­tleman yield?

Mr. PATMAN. I yield. Mr. FISH. If the gentleman needs it­

and I think he is entitled to it-I shall be pleased to yield him up to 3 minutes of the time on this side.

Mr. PATMAN. · If the gentleman will yield me 3 mimites and the gentleman

from. Tilinois yield me 7, that will give me 10 which I will appreciate very much.

Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I had a request for 2 minutes; I yield that time to the chairman of this special committee.

Mr. FISH. I believe, Mr. Speaker, that the chairman of the special committee . should be heard in the House, should be given an opportunity to tell the House what their committees are doing on such occasions as this.

Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, may I say in the beginning that I denounce­and I hope you listen to this-I denounce as untrue and unjustified any statement by any person or any official of this Gov­ernment who says it is necessary for 300,-000 small businessmen to go out of busi­ness during the next year or at any other time during this war. It is absolutely unjustified and unnecessary. This Con­gress has done everything that a Congress could do to save the small manufacturing and producing companies; and if the law is placed into execution as contemplated by the Congress when it passed it, there is no reason in the world why even 1 per­cent of the manufacturing and produc1ng concerns of America should be forced out of business. That law states that the Smaller War Plants Corporation with plenty of money shall have the power to do what is necessary to save every manu­facturing and producing concern that can make either war supplies or essential civilian goods, and I submit to you that any such concern can make· either war supplies or essential civilian goods. This being true, when this Smaller War Plants Corporation is put into effect in the way and manner contemplated by Congress, not even 1 percent of the concerns of America should go into bankruptcy or go out of business; it will be unnecessary, and if they do the fault will be in the administration of the act.

It is true that in the distributing busi­ness Congress has not done much to help the distributors. It is necessary that we preserve our distribution system. With­out the distribution system we shall be forced into socialism or some other fotm of paternalistic operation. We do not want that; we want independent busi­ness to survive. As the gentleman from New York [Mr. FISH] said, it is the back­bone of the country and should be pro­tected and preserved by this Congress. On distribution .our committee has heard much evidence, and we have made cer­tain reports to the Office of Price Admin­istration and to the War Production Board, and the recommendations we have made are being put into effect. We believe they will be helpful. Just be­cause there will be a scarcity of goods does not mean that the distributors should be put out of business; it means that they can all continue in business if they are not hampered, or harmed, or injured in some way, but are given a fair and square deal. They may receive diminished incomes and diminished profits, but that does not mean that they should absolutely go out of business. It is my belief that the people of this coun­try expect Congress to delegate plenty of power to the Executive. I do not thinl{

there is a question but what the people of this country want Congress to check up carefully on the administration of these laws, and do it frequently, to make sure that these laws are being adminis­tered as Congress intended they should be administered. It is true that lots of mistakes will be made; the people expect mistakes to be made, many of them, in any huge program, but the people have a right to expect, and this Congress has a right to expect, that these mistakes will be quickly corrected when they are discovered.

One thing that was seriously and vi­tally wrong with the Office of Price Ad­ministration was that they would not quickly or within even a reasonable time correct the obvious, the known, the gross errors that they had committed.

That was' the fatal mistake that 0. P. A. made. Let us hope that from now on the 0. P. A. will delegate some power, and plenty of power, to their dis­trict and regional offices to pass upon these minor questions, certainly they will be able to pass upon them, and people will not have to come to Washington, and that they will not be bogged down with red tape in the administration of that law.

May I say a word about the laws that this committee has helped to secure the p,assage of during the last Congress. First, there was the law to help the auto­mobile dealers and the tire dealers, who were the first victims of this war, the first casualties of this war. The law that this committee sponsored and se­cured the passage of has been satisfac­tory and has kept those people in busi­ness. They are indeed grateful to this Congress and to our committee for the help that we gave them.

Another law. was the Smaller War Plants Corporation Act which has helped tens of thousands of small businesses, although the Smaller War Plants Corpo­ration itself has not been functioning satisfactorily. It has been a failure. But by reason of the intent and the pur­poses as expressed in that act, the vari­ow procurement agencies of the Gov­ernment have been carrying forward that intent and purpose and have kept materially and substantially tens of thousands of small businesses operating in this country.

The other bill that I have reference to is a bill having to do with red tape, or Federal reports. Our committee went on a trip. We had been persuaded to go to nine cities in this country to hold public hearings. We heard every wit­ness who came before us to be heard. We listened to testimony from 6 to 9 hours a day and we heard hundreds and hundreds of witnesses representing hun­dreds of associations. We heard the problems first hand. I believe the people appreciated the fact that they had an opportunity, without having to come to Washington, to appear before a legis­lative or a congressional committee and present their grievances or their com­plaints and knowing that they would be printed and distributed to every Member of Congress and to every member of the

314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE J ANU l).RY 22

Executive department and would there­fore receive consideration. As I say, I believe they appreciated that, but we found out very soon that the red tape, the useless questionnaires, the unneces­sary reports, were causing people to get so mad about them that they were ac­tually forgetting they had sons in the service engaged in an all-out war, total war. They were really irritated to the extent that they were forgetting we were at war. So it was necessary that we do something to try to eliminate these un­necessary reports.

\Ve came back here after holding four hearings and appeared before a legisla­tive committee in support of our bill which we had introduced on Federal reports to try to eliminate some of this red tape. The House passed our bill.

[Here the gavel fell.J Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the

gentleman 1 additional minute. Mr . . PATMAN. M:r. Speaker, the

House passed our bill and by reason of that every report that any agency wants to ask some one to give, or every in­quiry, every questionnaire, must first be submitted to the Director of the Budget and the Budget Bureau will determine whether or not it is necessary. In many cases they already have the information.

In conclusion, may I praise the. mem­bers of this committee, Republicans and Democrats alike. They are all good, sin­cere, conscientious men, who have the interests of the small businessman at heart. They are doing an excellent job and I am doing my very best to cooperate with them.

[Here the gavel fell.] Mr. FiSH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 7 min­

utes to the· ge-ntleman from Missouri [Mr. PLOESER] ~very distinguished mem­ber of that committee.

Mr. PLOESER. :Mr. Speaker, I am go­ing to devote myself briefly and point­edly to a part of a preliminary report made by this committee on December 17 and printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at that time. Our distinguished chair­man of the committee, the gentleman from Texas, has very ably pointed out some of the problems which the com­mittee met in the field and a part of the analysis made with particular emphasis on our concern over the Smaller War Plants Corporation, a creature of the past Congress.

On December 17, our committee made this preliminary report, and may I ex­plain ·at this point that the final report is now l.n printers' proof form and will, in a few days, be ready for final distri­bution to the Members of this House. Among other things this report stated as follows:

On June 6 of the present year, the Con­gre:::s esta]:)lished the Smaller War Plants Cor.r;oration. The Smaller War Plants Cor­poration was created for the purpqse of as­sisting small manu1acturers who could pro­duce war supplies to obtain Government contracts and thus to utilize to a maximum degree the full producing power of the coun-try in the war effort. ·

We found very definite, vital war ma­chines, instruments needed in the war effort, lying idle th1·oughout the country, while other concerns were fighting over

priorities for new machines which ac-' tually duplicated these idle devices.

The Corporation was given large powers by Congress to rectify a situation which had been too long neglected. Upon the success­ful functioning of this Corporation depended, in large measure, the fate of many thou­sands of small manufacturers in the United States.

I want to pay particular attention to this because it is a very brief and a very much condensed preliminary report, and, if you please, an indictment of a situa­tion which we found deplorable.

The committee was shocked to find that though the Corporation had been in exist­ence for nearly 6 months, its results in the important south and southwestern parts of the United States have been practically negligible. In none of the cities visited was there an operating organization set up to represent the Corporation and to do the work for which it was created.

We came back to Washington and held hearings in joint session with the Sen­ate Small Business Committee and heard the heads of the Smaller War Plants Corporation. These officials had the temerity to come before the joint sessions of the two Small Business Com­mittees and tell us that they virtually had a Nation-wide functioning, active organization. We know that, and sub­sequent events have proved this organi­zation was nothing but a paper or­ganization existing only here l.n Wash­ington, and that they had no instruc­tions of any benefit whatever to men in the field, nor did they have any men in the field.

The Small Business Committee of the House went to work to see that some­thing would be done to rectify this very terrible situation, with the result that changes have recently been made. We found Donald Nelson, head of the War Production Board, willing to cooperate. There has been a shake-up in this Cor­poration. We are hopeful now that we will get some definite, progressive re­sults. Up until now it has been pathetic, it has been an insult to the intelligence of this Congress. -

Mr. MUNDT. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. PLOESER. I yield to the gentle-man from South Dakota. ·

Mr. MUNDT. I wonder if the gentle­man could advise the House as to the number · of primary contracts that have been negotiated by the Smaller War Plants Corporation in the 7 months of its existence?

Mr. PLOESER. If the gentleman means by "negotiated" the number of prime contracts which have been ac­cepted by the Smaller War Plants Cor­poration as a prime contractor, up until the time of these hearings-none.

Mr. MUNDT. That is my understand­ing. May I say to the House that the Members have confidence in this com:. mittee and I am sure it will be instructed to continue the work, although we are bitterly disappointed with the past re­sults of some of these agencies. Can the gentleman advise the House, further, whether the newspaper reports that Colonel Johnson is to be the new chief

indicate that Mr. Holland has been re­moved? Has he resigned or has he been reduced in rank?

Mr. PLOESER. I have not been suffi­ciently informed in the last few hours to give the gentleman anything definite on it. I will say this for Mr. Holland, there never was a time when this com­mittee questioned his integrity. I do not mind saying that at least one member of the committee-and I am talking about myself-questioned his ability to do the job.

Mr. MUNDT. The results have been bitterly disappointing. Unless he can explain to the country the reason for that failure, it seems to me his removal and resignation are certainly merited. However, I for one believe that Mr. Hol­land has a right to be heard if he feels something beyond his control has con­tribltted to this dismal record.

Mr. PLOESER. There has been no ex­planation for the failure. It was 3 months before an Executive order was ready to set this operation into motion. We created the law in June. In July Mr. Holland was· appointed. In August he was permitted to start looking for an office and for a· staff. Finally, in the middle of September, an Executive order was issued giving him authority to func­tion. and 3 months later nothing had been accomplished.

Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. PLOESER. I yield to the gentle­man from Louisiana.

Mr. BROOKS. I am tremendously impressed with the importance of and the need for the work of this committee. As the gentleman has just indicated, one of the things · that has impressed me as being needed is speed, promptness, and dispatch in handling matters that must be attended to so that industry may be continued. For instance, an application goes in for materials. If month by month a delay occurs and no · action is taken, that is tantamount to smother­ing that business. There should be promptness.

Mr. PLOESER. May I say at this point that we· are getting increasing co­operation from the Army and the Navy. It is not always necessary and it may not even be desirable for the Smaller war Plants- Corporation to become a prime contractor. If merely the influence of the law as passed by the Congress and the creation of the Smaller War Plants Corporation were sufficient to keep the Army and Navy reminded that small business must live, we wo~ld go a long way toward alleviating many of the problems. But, the Smaller War Plants Corporation has great authority and power, which should be used whenever other agencies· fail to perform in · the proper distribution of war-production contracts. ·

Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? . Mr. PLOESER. I yield to the gentle­

man from Ohio. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Does the gen­

tleman think Colonel Johnson; who I understand is the head of Johnson & Johnson, the biggest corporation in the

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 315 medical supplies business in the United States, is particularly familiar with or sympathetic with the problems of small business?

Mr. PLOESER. I hesitate to say. I do not know Mr. Johnson. But let it be said that the fact th~t the man may represent big business as far as his in­dustry is concerned should have no bear­ing on the question. If he is able and is a good big businessman he will know that if small business is crushed so will be big business. There is no chance for big business to live if small business is crushed behind the screen of this war effort. Let the socialistic planners ac­complish the destruction of small busi­ness and big business will find its man­agement taken over by Government. If we are to have American free enter­prise small business units must live.

Mr. VORYS of Ohio. We had Floyd Odlum in there. He was a big business­man, a Wall Street operator, but he was not successful in the field of lining things up for small business.

[Here the gavel fell.l Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 9 min­

utes to the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HALLECK], another distinguished member of the committee.

Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I do not believe there .is any question about whether or not this resolution will pre­vail here today. I am convinced it will. However, I think it is very much in order that some report be made of the things that have been accomplished and pos­sibly something said about what may be .expected in the way of accomplishment in the future. .

To go back a little, when the extraor­dinary defense effort of the country be­gan in June of 1940 we began to see some­thing of the impact of that effort on the small business of the country. Members of Congress, being peculiarly responsible and responsive to the people of their dis­tricts, began to get the reverberations of that impact. Demands were made that .the Congress try to lessen the force of that impact if at all possible.

The distinguished chairman of our Committee on Rules has gone back into quite ancient history to talk about some things that might border on politics al­though he himself has for years been an ardent champion of small business. In view of that, possibly it may be· in order for me to suggest that in August of 1941 the first official action in the Congress looking to the solving of some of these problems of small business was taken by the minority leader, the gentleman from Massachusetts, the Honorable JOSEPH MARTIN, in the appointment of a Republican committee to study these problems. I served as chairman of that commit tee. The day that committee appointment was announced, the resolu­tion for the creation of this official com­mittee was dropped into the hopper.

That Republican committee held hear­ings during th2,t summer and fall and did much, I am sure, to convince a lot of the folks downtown who are in charge of administering these different pro­grams that practices and policies could be corrected to tQ.e end that small busi-

ness would be benefited, and that without interfering with the defense, either.

Finally, on December 4, we got around to the adoption of the resolution setting up this official committee, and I am sure that all of us on the minority side were glad to terminate the operations of our Republican committee to join in the efforts of the official committee.

Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. HALLECK. I yield to the gentle­man from Illinois.

Mr. SABATH. May I call the atten­tion of the gentleman to the fact that in 1939, 1940, and 1941 I introduced bills and resolutions to aid the small busi­nessman. The gentleman remembers .that, because he has always been inter­ested in this problem hirr.self.

Mr. HALLECK. I certainly would not question the gentleman's statement. The gentleman has been interested in small business, and he has been working in that direction, although I must say again that as far as any official notice ~md effort in this direction was concerned on the part of the leadership of the ma­jority generally in the Congress it was not in evidence.

Something has been said about legis­lation that has been enacted as a result of various committee hearings. But really the legislation enacted, helpful as it is, is not the only good result that comes from public hearings like those of this committee. It is highly impor­tant that the small businessman over the country, the fellow who cannot come to Washington and who is not repre­sented by full-time operators here, be given a forum in which his views can be expressed and his voice heard not only by the Congress but by those in charge of administrative agencies who have directly to do with the various practices and policies which so vitally affect him. Let me suggest to you, be­cause I know whereof I speak, that sometimes these people will not listen to anything other than the loud voice of a lot of indignant people who finally get an opportunity to make their views felt and heard.

I might suggest, also, that these hear­ings have in my opinion done much to establish the confidence of the people in the Congress of the United States. They have exhibited an earnest and sin­cere desire upon the part of the Con­gress, through the agency of its select committees, to find out what their prob­lems are and do something about them. For that reason, among others, the work of the committee has been highly valu­able, and will continue to be valuable.

As Federal controls of business in­crease, as the 0. P. A. is set up, and ra­tions this article and it rations that article, and all these controls extend over the country, the opportunity for discriminations and inequities against small business become more prevalent, and so the need for doing something for small business becomes greater.

Mr. HARNESS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. HALLECK. Yes; I yield to my colleague.

Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I take it my colleague from Indiana, who is on this committee, is familiar with certain practices of some of these Federal em­ployment agencies throughout the coun­try, who are imposing their will upon the small operators, and taking away their key men; that is, their mechanics and such as that, and putting them in defense industries or demanding if they do not go there they must go into the draft. I wonder if the committee has looked into that at all or has any views upon it?

Mr. HALLECK. The committee has looked into that, and in respect to various operations has tal{en considerable evi­dence, and I am sure the gentleman will

·find when our report is filed, that much attention has been given to that very sub­ject. And much more attention will be given to it. Just one illustration: Everyone knows that if we do not keep some &utomobile mechanics in the shops over the country, one of these days the cars cannot carry the workers to their jobs. There has been a terrific drain upon the men in the automobile shops. That has been investigated, and now there is a directive that will in a meas­ure cure that situation.

Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. HALLECK. Yes. Mr. MUNDT~ I take this time because

I do not want the colloquy ·~hat I had with the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. PLOESER J to be construed as any indict­ment made by me against Mr. Holland until he has had ample opportunity to speak for himself. There may be some extenuating circumstances in the mat­ter, and the country is entitled to know them. Mr. Holland told a group of Sen-· ators and Representatives at a small businessmen's meeting in the Wardman Park a few months ago he would either get results or tell the country why. The Nation is entitled to the facts. Can the gentleman shed any light as to why 3 months elapsed between the time that Congress authorized the establishment of this Corporation and the time the President issued an order permitting Mr< Holland to begin to function?

Mr. HALLECK. I think there are some things about it that probably should be said, although this commit­tee has not been carried on as a political matter at all and I do not think it should be. It is entirely fair to say that Mr. Holland was not appointed until months after the act was passed by Congress, and the gentleman knows where that responsibility lies as well as I do. In the second place, the directive which made it possible for him to enter upon the dis­charge of his duties was terribly delayed. And it should be said for Mr. Holland that he undoubtedly accomplished much in bringing about a better cooperation by procurement agencies.

Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

l\,fr. HALLECK. Yes. Mr. JENSEN. I hope, before the gen­

tleman concludes, that he will explain • how these small businessmen can pro-ceed to take advantage of this legisla-tion. Many of them do not understand .

•

316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22.

just how to go about it. I know some of them, and I wish the gentleman would give some attention to that.

Mr. HALLECK. That involves the operation of the Small War Plants Act. It was the intention of the committee and of the Congress that there be set up in each W. P. B. office throughout the country a division of the Small War Plants Corporation, which would include in its personnel trained engineers and others who could actually advise and help the little fellow to find his place in the war-production effort. These divi­sions are now being set up. I would ad­vise any small businessman who thinks he can produce something essential to contact the division in his territory .. Those separate and distinct agencies were not created with the speed we thought they should be created. There has been much criticism of the delay, but the failures cannot be charged to our committee, as the report read by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. PLOESERl points out. The committee itself criti­cizes the dela.y.

The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­tleman from Indiana has expired.

Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks and include a portion of the report heretofore filed by the committee.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Speaker, I make

the same request. The flPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I make

the same request. · The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the

gentleman from Indiana 1 minute more. Mr. CALVIN D. JOHNSON. Mr.

Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HALLECK. Yes. Mr. CALVIN D. JOHNSON. Did the

gentleman find that the Small Business Division had to fight for its very exist­ence against the parent organization and all of its connections?

Mr. HALLECK. I do not know whether I quite get what the gentleman means, but will attempt to answer his question. It has been suggested that the creation of this committee and its work has created a consciousness in the minds of all procurement agencies of the needs of small business and the rights of small business. That there has been some resistance on the part of procure­ment agencies to the giving of contracts to the small men cannot be denied. In­sofar as that is true, it does represent resistance to the Smaller War Plants Act and small business. On the other hand, I think there is no question but what there is now a more enlightened and sympathetic attitude on the part of the procurement agencies, much of which has resulted from the hearings and reports and the work of these small business committees.

Mr.. CALVIN D. JOHNSON. Is that fricMon being removed, in the gentle­man's opinion?

Mr. HALLECK. I am confident that it is.

Nnw, to conclude, everyone must realize that when the Nation changes from a peacetime production . of con­sumer goods to a wartime production of war goods, business as usual is out the window. There can be no such thing. Producers who cannot convert to war production are hard hit. Distributors with little or no consumer goods to sell are hard hit. But it is the job of all of us to lighten the blow as much as pos­sible and equalize opportunities where­ever we can. If that is done, much of small business, otherwise doomed to ex­tinction, may be kept alive for the dura­tion to be on hand and functioning when our great need for reconstruction arises.

Our committee has striven in that direction. The gentlemen from Texas and Missouri have already discussed at some length our efforts to bring the manufacturers into the war picture. The gent,Jeman from Missouri has read from our intermediate report regarding the Smaller War Plants Corporation. The report which we filed is no soft-soaping propt'sition, as its reading will disclose. On the contrary it has called a spade a spade. letting the chips fall where they wili.

'l'he problems of distributors were definitely before our committee. We madt-. recommendations in our report of benefit to them. We are glad to report that these recommendations are now be­ing :out into operation at least in some measure. To show what I have in mind, I quote from ·~he report:

We have, however, discovered certain con­ditions which we believe to be so urgently in need of relief that they should be called to the attention of the Congress, the adminis­trative agencies responsible for their exist­ence, an0. the country, at once. We desire to invite your immediate attention to the fol­lowing critical situations, which we have found to exist in the war effort of the Nation:

1. On June 6 of the present year, the Con­gress establ!shed the Smaller War Plants Corporation. 'the Smaller War Plants Cor­poration was created for the purpose of as­sisting small manufacturers who could pro­duce war supplies to obtain Government con­tracts and thus to utilize to a maximum de­gree the full producing power of the coun­try in the war effort. The Corporation was given large powers by Cong1:ess to rectify a situation which had been too long neglected. Upon the successful functioning of this Cor­poration depended, in large measure, the fate of many thousands of small manufacturers in the United States. The committee was shocked to find that though the Corporation had been in existence for nearly 6 months, its results in the important South and South­western parts of the Unit€d States have been practically negligible. In none of the cities visited was there an operating organization set up to represent the Corporation and to do the work for which it was created. Yet in all the localities visited, the committee found many unused facilities, and many distressed small manufacturers who have been trying desperately to obtain contracts to produce necessary war materials. On December 15 the House Committee on Small Business at­ten ded a joint session with the Senate Com­mittea on Small Business to hear Mr. Lou E. Holland, Chairman of the Smaller War Plants Corporat;on, make a report on the progress of his agency. It is the considered opinion of the House committee that the failure of the program of the Smaller War Plants Corpora­tion, as evidenced in our hearings, can be at-

tributed to the management of the Corpora­tion.

2. Our existing system of distribution of. consumer goods has been seriously under­mined and weakened as a result of the .Poli­cies thus far pursu~d by the Office of Price Administration and a collapse which might gravely imperil the entire war effort appears inevitable unless these policies are speedily corrected. To facto1·s, all of which could and should be adjusted by the Office of Pl'ice Administration and the War Production Board under existing , law, are primarily re­sponsible for this threatened break-down on the hom~ front:

(a) Price squeezes: In so many instances as, ln the aggregate, to constitute· an in­superable obstacle to thousands of distribu­tors remaining in business, the operating margins between replacement costs and ceil-. ing prices are too thin to permit of con­tinued operations except at a loss. In some instances, the current replacement costs are actually higher than the current ceiling prices.

In other cases the retail price ceiling has been so low as to induce a decline in the pro­duction of commodities vitally necessary to the health of the Nation. The outlook for an adequate supply of dairy products, for in­stance, is dark indeed, unless the Office of Price Administration will revise its retail price ceilings so as to stop an impending wholesale slaughter of milk cows. Many dairy farmers are finding it more profitable to sell their cows for meat rather than try to make a profit on their milk. _

The situations to which we refer are sit..t• ations of long standing. The committee listened · to complaint ·after complaint of urgent appeals to the Office of Price Admin­istration in Washington for relief from such situations, which were completely ignored, or which were handled with so many com­plications of red tape and bureaucratic buck passing as to leave the complainants bewil­dered. The general infiexibility of price ceil­ings on the retail front is apparently wide­spread and is causing many retailers either to close their doors or to contemplate going out of business. The failure of the Office of Price Administration in this matter has seri­ously crippled and indeed threatens to de­stroy distribution in the United States.

The obvious practical remedy for this is, of course, to pass on cost increases permitted by the Government at any level. to all other levels, plus such reasonable operating mark­up as will protect the retailer or other dis­tributor against actual loss and the consumer from unwarranted · gougings. - Consumers must be protected and infiation avoided, but those worthy objectives are not properly at­tained by requiring retailers to do neces­sary business at a loss. The consumer can be protected and inflation prevented with­out the destruction of the retailer.

(b) Inequitable distribution of merchan­dise: In addition to the burden of price squeezes, the distributor is also faced with an acute problem of obtaining his fair share of available consumer goods. From the testi­mony which the committee heard, the con­clusion is inescapable that some method for an equitable distribution of consumer goods is necessary if many distributors are to survive.

3. Unnecessary reports and complexity and multiplicity of regulations: We recognize that it is necessary for administrative agencies to obtain information from time to time through the medium of questionnaires and that certain administrative regulations are a necessary evil, especially in time of war. However, the present situation is one of bureaucracy run riot and, unless corrective measures are speedily talten, this factor alone will close the doors of thousands of businesses which might otherwise remain open. And what is said here about :unnecessary gov.ern­mental red tape in the field of distribution of course applies equally to manufacturing.

1943 CONGR-ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 317 As was stated above, these conditions can

and should be corrected by the executive directors under existing law. If they are not, however, our committee proposes to offer leg­Islation at the beginning ·of the Seventy­eighth Congress to compel their correction in order to avert the destruction of independent small business-and with it, the middle class-in this country.

The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­tleman from Indiana has again expired.

Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the balance of the time to the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. REEs].

Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, during the past several weeks there has been a concerted effort to discourage and stop unneceSiary driving of automobiles throughout the country. People are saving their tires because of an acute shm-tage of rubber. Gas is rationed to the minimum. In the Eastern States a ban is put on pleasure driving because of a dire shortage of gas. I am in­formed gasoline sales in the eastern part of our country have been further re­duced as much as 40 or 50 percent dur­ing the past few weeks. People are warned to comply with rules and regu­lations established for saving every bit of rubber anj gas possible.

Now, Mr. Speaker, we are advised through a Washington press release that Federal officials in Washington, exclu­sive of those in the War and Navy De­partments, traveled about 673,000 miles during the last month. That is 27 times the mileage around the earth.

According to figures obtained from the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department, Government department automobiles in the District of Columbia consumed 44,868 gallons of gasoline last month. And, as I have said, this does not include Army and Navy automo­biles. This is 15 percent more than was consumed during the same period last year. It is suggested there are more employees in Washington than during the same period a year ago. The fact, however, is that the 4'5,000 additional employees who came to Washington during the past year are nearly all clerks and stenographers, and do not rate free official transportation. ·

Mr. Speaker, while the Government is clamping down on motorists in order to conserve a dwindling supply of gasoline in the East and to save every ounce of rubber possible needed for war purposes, it would be well, I think, to do a little cracking down on some of the useless driving that is being done by certain Government employees and bureaucrats in the Nation's Capital. It would save rubber and gas and would have a whole­some effect. Of course, we want to save gas and rubber; but why not begin at home?

The SPEAKER. All time has expired. The Clerk will report the committee amendment.

The Clerk read as follows: Committee amendment: Page 1, line 2,

strike out "seven" and insert "nine."

The committee amendment was agreed to.

The resolution was agreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the

table.

RESIGNATION FROM COMMI'ITEE

The SPEAKER laid before the House the following resignation:

JANUARY 20, 1943. Hon. SAM RAYBURN,

Speaker, House of Repres~ntatives, washington, D. c.

DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I respectfully tender herewith my resignation as a member of the House Committee on the Merchant Ma­rine and Fisheries, this action being necessi­tated by the fact that I have been assigned to the Committee on Naval Affairs, an exclusive committee.

Cordially yours, WINDER R. HARRIS.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, the resignation is accepted.

Thera was no objection. CONTINUING THE SELECT COMMITTEE TO

INVESTIGATE Affi ACCIDENTS

Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I call up . House Resolution 33, and ask for its immediate consideration.

The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, 'i'hat the Select Committee to

Investigate Air Accidents authorized by House Resolution 125 of the Seventy-seventh Con­gress, first session, and House Resolution 403, Seventy-seventh Congress, second session, be continued for a period of 90 days from this date for the purpose of allowing said select committee to complete its unfinished work and investigations and tile its report and make recommendations to the House covering the hearings held and the studies made by said committee since March 12, 1941. .

That saici select committee or any sub· committee theceof is hereby authorized to act during the present Congress for a peuod of 90 days from this date with all powers granted to it under House Resolution 125 of the Seventy-seventh Congress, first session, aud House Resolution 403 of the Seventy­seventh Congress, second session.

That the funds appropriated to said select committee by House Resolutions 525 and 570 o~ the Seventy-seventi). Congress, second ses­sion, or any part thereof not already expended by said select .committee, are hereby made available to said select committee to take care of the further expenses of conducting said investigation and study, including ex· penditures for the employment of clerical, stenographic, and other assistance, and shall be paid out of the col".tingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by such com­mittee or subcommittee thereof conducting the investigation and study or any part thereof, signed by the chairman of the com­mittee or subcommittee and approved by the Committee on Accounts.

With the following committee amend­ments:

Page 1, line 4, strike out the last two words, and in line 5, strike out "days from this date" and insert "from January 1, 1943, to March 1, 1943." '

Page 2, line 2, after the word "period", strike out "of 90 days from this date" and insert "from January 1, 1943, to March 1, 1943."

The SPEAKER. Without objection, the committee amendments are agreed to.

There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from

Dlinois is recognized. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I shall

later on yield to the gentleman from New York [Mr. FisH] 30 minutes. I hope he will not take that much time. I am going to be very brief and I will not ta:ke

up any more time than is absolutely necessary. For. that reason I ask unani­mous consent that I may have the right to extend and revise my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, this reso­

lution originally contemplated to extend the life of this committee for 90 days, but after the Rules Committee heard the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. NICH­OLS] and had taken the matter up, we agreed that the time should be limited to March 1, by which time that commit­tee is to make its final report. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen, it has been made clear to the Rules Committee that the select committee has done an extra amount of work and they did not have time to comolete some extremely impor­tant investigations and prepare their report in full. However, the Rules Com­mittee came to the conclusion that the select committee will be able to complete its work and prepare its report by March 1. That was satisfactory and the Rules Committee unanimously agreed to that shortened time.

Mr. Speaker, most of you heard the· report of the committee yesterday in executive session. I am satisfied that any Member- who listened to the gentle­man from Oklahoma [Mr. NICHOLS], the gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERG l, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRK­SEN], the gentleman from California [Mr. HINSHAW], and the others, is satis­fied that the committee has rendered very valuable service. They 11-ave ~ailed attention to many of the shortcomings and abuses. I, for one, feel that many lives will be saved in the future because of the recommendations made by this committee and the work this committee has · done. OriginallY I was criticized for favoring this resolution, and especially because the committee made one trip outside the country, but having heard the statement of the gentleman from Texas, I am sure you feel the committee has rendered our country a great serv­ice. Their studies and their calling at­tention to conditions existing in other countries resulted in our controlling the air lines that formerly were controlled by the Nazis, Italians, and others. This in itself, I feel, deserves the unanimous

· approval of all who are interested in the future of our Nation and the welfare of the country.

Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr.- Speak­er, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. SAB..~TH. I yield. Miss SUMNER of Illinois. It is not

contemplated that the committee will take any trips between now and the time it winds up its affairs, is it?

Mr. SABATH. No; I do not think it is contemplated that they shall make any trips. The trip they did take cost only a few dollars, yet is has been worth mil-

. lions for every dollar it cost. I do not know whether the gentlewoman was present when the report was made in executive session, but had she been pres-

. ent, she would be more than pleased that the committee did make that trip, and I feel sure she would say it rendered won­derful service.

318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22

Miss SUMNER of Illinois. I was pres­ent. Let us put it this way: There are able men on that committee; there is work to be done in the Congress. I hope they will stay here to ·help us take care of the affairs of the country.

Mr. SABATH. As I stated before, I am not in favor of having Members away from the House when important legisla­tion is being considered. I know that as a rule these four Members are here. When they did make that trip they were not gone any length of time, and al­though they are very capable men the House did not lose a great deal from lack of their presence at that time. The serv­ice they rendered, I repeat, has been justified. They should be commended instead of being criticized for making the trip.

Mr. Speaker, after hearing the reports of these four gentlemen of the select committee, and in the light of the ex­traordinarily valuable service they have rendered to the House and to the coun­try, I, myself, would not hesitate to ex­tend the life of this select committee for the next 2 years, and not only up to March 1. However, the gentlemen of the select committee are reluctant to con­tinue this work, due, I presume, to some unjustified criticism directed against them, which I, myself, greatly deplore.

In conclusion, let me say that unfor­tunately more planes and more lives are being lost, and, consequently, I feel that every effort should be made to reduce these accidents investigated by the select committee and reported in the news­papers. Certainly it is our duty to our­selves and to the country to do all in our power to prevent this tremendous loss of lives and planes. I regret exceedingly there are some committees and some members of committees who have felt and who feel now that this select com­mittee has encroached upon theii· juris­diction and prerogatives. My own view is that it is not a question of what com­mittee should retain jurisdiction, but the question uppe1·most in my mind is how we can best serve the country, in further safeguar.ding the terrific losses to which I have called attention, while at the same time doubling our air power. I feel that the select committee in calling attention to the control of the air routes in the Central and South Americas has brought about the taking over of this control by American interests and by our Govern­ment. It is impossible to overestimate the tremendous value of our control of these air routes to our national interests during this war period, and certainly to the postwar development of our foreign commerce. Though I naturally feel that we must continue to devote our entire energies and efforts now to the winning of the war; nevertheless, we must not neglect our duties for the postwar period.

Mr. Speaker, I promised I would not take up much time, so I conclude my re­marks. I reserve to myself the balance of m:V time and now yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from N~w York [Mr,' FISH].

Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield my~ self 5 minutes.

Mr. Speaker, this rule comes before the House with a ur1:animous report of

the committee. There is no reason why this committee should not be extended to M-arch 1 in order to permit it to fin­ish and complete its report to the House in every detail. I have been assured by the chairman of the committee [Mr. NICHOLS] that there is no intention on his part or that of anyone else to delay consideration in the Committee on Rules or in the House in case the Committee on Rules acts on a resolution to create a permanent standing committee on avia­tion; so, adoption of this resolution ex­tending the life of the committee will not in any way delay consideration by the Committee on Rules or the House of a resolution creating a standing com­mittee on civilian aviation.

I was interested in what the chairman of the Committee on Rules had to say. I was not able to be present during the entire discussion in executive session the other afternoon to hear the full report of the committee by its chairman and other members, but the chairman of the Committee on Rules referred a few minutes ago to the taking over of the Nazi and Fascist air lines in South Amer­ica. I desire to take this occasion to say that I introduced a resolution long before the Special Committee on Avia­tion was organized, empowering the State Department to acquire the Nazi and Fas­cist air lines in South and Central Amer­ica, and spoke on it on a number of occasions in the House, saw the Secretary of State about it, saw Mr. Jesse Jones, and they were all in favor of it. I re­ceived finally a note from Mr. Jones or a telephone call that it was not necessary to pr~ss that legislation because the ad­ministration thought it had the author­ity to proceed without legislation to buy or acquire the lines.

In order to make the record clear, I asked Mr. Jones to kindly write me a letter sc at least I could have something to show that I had initiated this legis­lation. He wrote a letter to me to this effect, which I have in my files. This was long before the Special Committee on Aviation was created or went to South America.

Mr. Speaker, in the course of human events and in the progress of this coun­try certain things become inevitable, and one of these, in my opinion, i~; the crea­tion of a standing ccmmittee on avia­tion. I take this opportunity to give a few reasons why such a committee should be created. At the present time we have engaged in our aviation industry about a million and a half people in a civilian capacity and about an equal number in our armed forces, in the Army and the Navy. As a result of the war and the progress and development of the coun­try, aviation has become one of our greatest industries, employing millions of Americans; yet it is only in the in­fancy of its destiny. It is inevitable that there must be a standing and permanent committee composed of experts who will devote their entire time to trying to solve the tremendous problems with which aviation will be confronted after the war ..

Post-war problems involving the con­tinuation of this great industry which em.ploys millions of Americans must be

gone into with the utmost care and study for the'!:>afety and welfare of the Nation. The whole matter, I presume, will be dis­cussed later on in the Congress. I am particularly interested in the creation of a permanent committee because I want to see the United States continue its dominance in aviation, not only in this country, where we have it for the first time since the start of the war, but for all time in the future throughout the world. Today we are producing more airplanes than any other country, prob­ably twice as many. The President re­ported thai' 48,000 war planes were built last year and probably a hundred thou­sand war planes would be this year. We want to continue our domination in avia­tion afte-:- the war, not only in America, but over the airways of South and Cen­tral l ... merica. We want to make sure that we will maintain our rights and in­terests where we have spent hundreds of millions of dollars for airfields in north Africa, in South America, in Australia, and on islands in the far Pacific Ocean.

[Here the gavel fell.] Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yieid my­

self 3 additional minutes. Mr. SABATH. Will the gentleman

yield? Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman

from Illinois. Mr. SABATH. I assured the gentle­

man from New York last week that he and all others who have resolutions pending on the subject of creating a standing committee will be heard. I promised some of the Members day be­fore yesterday that we would have a meeting for that purpose on Monday, ~ut, unfortunately, due to conditions over which I have no control, that meeting will be postponed until Tuesday.

Mr. FISH. I am glad the gentleman makes that statement to the House be­cause I have introduced a similar resolu­tion to six or seven others to create a permanent standing committee. I be­lieve other Members during the last ses­sion introduced this type of legislation also.

My resolution to create a standing committee oll commercial and civilian aviation is the first one numbered in this Congress. It has the support of the mi­nority leader, the gentleman from Mas­sachusetts [Mr. MARTIN], who intended to present one in his own name, but when he found out I had presented a prior one, he decided not to offer his, and wanted mine considered among the others. Of course, I realize it will ccme out under the name of either the chair­man of the committee or some Demo­cratic member of the Rules Committee. This is in accordance with the regular order, and I am entin~ly satisfied. All I am asking for is action, and I have been assured that hearings will be begun early next week.

Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Indiana. ·

Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Is it the gentleman's idea that this new commit­tee that he proposes would have jurisdic­tion over civil aeronautics only?

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 319 Mr. FISH. I am glad the gentleman

· asked that question because apparently there is some confusion in the minds of some Members. As one of the sponsors of this legislation, it is my intention that it shall be confined to civilian and com­mercial aviation and that alone, not interfering with the Military Affairs Committee or with the Committee on Naval Affairs, although I assume the new committee will cooperate with them on matters affecting the aviation in­dustry which is supplying the needs of the Army and Navy.

It is nothing revolutionary or nothing new to create a standing committee. The State of New York has had a stand­ing committee for a number of years on aviation and I think many other States have likewise permanent committees on aviation. It is' absolutely necessary to have a committee of experts to try to solve the post-war aviation problem and to give their entire time to solving it. This is no reflection on the Commit­tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, one of the greatest committees of this House and having among its members some of the ablest Members of the House. But·they cannot .work 24 hours a day. There is no bigger problem fac­ing post-war America than that of avia­tion. Are we to maintain our domi-

. nance? Are we going to continue to train pilots? Can we employ a hundred thousand pilots? Can we continue our domination over the airways extending throughout the world unless we have such a committee? If Congress does not act and fails to do its duty to preserve our existing air leadership I anticipate an aviation tailspin that will make the panic of 1932 look like a picnic and at the same time endanger our own safety and destiny. ·

[Here the gavel fell.] Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10

minutes to the gentleman from Connect­icut [Mr. MILLER], a former aviator, who desires to speak on this question.

Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. Speaker, I am quite sure that there is no opposition to the resolution now be­fore us to continue this select committee of the House. Every Member who has read the reports of this committee or who attended Wednesday's executive session and heard the off-the-record report is certainly satisfied that this committtee has done an outstanding piece of work and has made a very real contribution to the future of aviation in the United States. I want to refer in the few minutes available to me this afternoon not to this particular resolu­tion but to a resolution that I hope will be brought before the House in the very near future to create a standing com­mittee of the House to deal with civil avi­ation. There is no doubt in my mind but what this special committee could have been continued and would have been continued by the Congress if the members of that committee had so recommended.

I think the fact that the chairman of this selc:!ct committee, and at least one of the minority members of the com­mittee, have introduced resolutions ask­ing for the creation of a standing com-

mittee of the House to deal with civil aviation indicates the way that com­mittee feels about the need of having such a standing committee in the House. It is . a very simple question that the members of the Rules Committee and finally the Members of the House must answer, and that is simply this: Is the aviation industry, is the future of avi­ation, of sufficient importance, and are the legislative matters that will come before the Congress in order to properly develop aviation in this country of such a nature, and will they require such time that we need a standing commit­tee to devote its attention exclusively to legislation of that type?

I think those of us who heard the report of the select committee in this Chamber last Wednesday afternoon are thoroughly convinced that the problems are of such magnitude that we do need at this time and for some time in the future such a standing committee. In my congressional district at the present time more than 50,000 men and wom~n are dependent upon this industry for their livelihood. We could bring down to hearings before the Rules Commit­tee representatives of the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce, airport mana­gers, State commissioners of aviation, manufacturers in the industry, and oth­ers, all of whom could testify to the benefit that will be derived by the indus­try if we have such standing committee as is now proposed. .

In my humble opinion, no truer words are printed in the report of this select committee than the sentence which states in substance that the nation that is best prepared to bring about a sound aviation expansion after the war may well be the first nation to recover eco­nomically, I want to see the first nation to recover economically, and the nation to control the tremendous air commerce that will be available, the United States of America. I do not know that there is any serious opposition to the crea­tion of this committee except possibly from some members of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

Mr. BULWINKLE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield to the gentleman from North Carolina.

Mr. BULWINKLE . . May I tell the gentleman that I, a member of the Com­mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­merce, am opposed to the creation of such a committee and that the Commit­tee on Naval Affairs and the Committee on Military Affairs are also opposed to it.

Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I can speak only of my own knowledge. I am glad to have that information.

May I say to the gentleman, who is a member of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, that if that great committee could devote practi­cally their full time, at least for the next few years, to this problem-and we have a tremendous problem relating to our railroads, and there will be a post­war problem there as well as in the fields of other means of communication and transportation-! can think of no com­mittee of the House I would rather see handle the problems of aviation than the

present Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

There is plenty of precedent for the setting up of such a committee. The Congress itself and the executive branch of the Government have recognized the wisdom of separating aviation from other means of transportation. We have an Interstate Commerce Commission that sets the rates for our railways, water­ways, and trucks, but this Congress did not turn over the problem of establish­ing airplane rates, either passenger or freight, to the Interstate Commerce Commission. Aviation passenger and freight rates are set by the Civil Aero­nautics Board. This certainly indicates the desire and the intention of the Con­gress to deal separately with the prob­lems of aviation.

We have had other cases where some of the heavy work of committees has been taken from them and given to a new committee. Flood control was handled that way, and I think we are all satisfied that it has worked out quite successfully.

In the State of Connecticut in 1927 I had a very small and modest part in writing what we believe to be the first State legislation relating to the control and policing of aviation within the State, dealing, of course, only with flying intra­state. As a result of that legislation and later amendments to that act we were able in that one little State to keep a very fine commission of men busy ·a good deal of the time filing each 2 years with the General Assembly of Connecticut a report of their activities and their efforts to develop aviation within that State.

That is all we ask that you do with this great national question here in the Congress, that we establish a committee that can devote its full time to the needs of aviation. If the day ever arrives when that industry is on such a firm founda­tion and the problems we see immedi­ately ahead of us are such that they can be handled by another standing commit­tee of the House along with its other work, I for one will be glad to see this proposed new committee disbanded and the work turned back to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

I hope the Members of the House will give some consideration to and try to visualize some of these tremendous prob­lems we are going to face after this war.

[Here the gavel fell.] Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5

minute~ to the gentleman from Okla­homa, the chairman of the committee [Mr. NICHOLS].

Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, I am sure there is no controversy over the pending resolution providing for the ex­tension of the life of this select committee to the 1st of March. This is only for the purpose of winding up the work of the committee, also to permit us to pay the personnel for work they have already done in 1943, work which could not be paid for unless this resolution were passed. So I do not care to talk about the work of the select committee.

However, since two gentlemen have talked to some extent on the creation of a permanent standing committee of the House on aviation, I should like to

320 CON_GRESSIONAL · RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22

say a few words about that. You can go back through the history of this coun­try and you will find that wherever prog­ress has been proposed there has been opposition to it. That is true now. Three great committees of this House, all of whose members are splendid, high­class gentlemen, for reasons known best only to themselves have started to fight the creation of this committee. My dis­tinguished friend the gentleman from North Carolina Major BULWINKLE, just called attention to the fact that the Com­mitte on Military Affairs and the Com­mittee on Naval Affairs are opposing the creation of this committee; why, I cannot understand.

The resolution which would create this - standing committee provides specifically that the committee would deal only with civil, commercial aviation. Probably some member of one of those two great

· committees can tell me what power that would take away from -the Committee on Military Affairs or the Committee on

· Naval Affairs. In the name of common sense, can the creation of a committee to deal solely with commercial, civil -avia­tion have anything to do with the carry­ing on of this war? Can it interfere with milita:'Y or naval aviation? I think not by any stretch of the imagination.

The chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs just a minute ago told me that the reason he is opposed to the creation of this committee is that the first thing we have to do is to win this war and that all aviation now is either military or naval. I am inclined to agree with that statement entirely. Commercial aviation today is, of course, lending almost 100 percent ·of its effort to the naval and the military effort.

However, as was stated the other day here in executive session, after this war is over the United states must return to an era of economics. We must begin to think then, if we refuse to think now, of recouping world markets. We must begin to think about world trade. We must never be so ill-advised as to think that aviation will not play a tremendous part in the world trade of the post-war world.

Why create this committee now? Be­cause now you can pass basic legislation which will permit commercial aviation to grow and expand and compete with the other aviation of the world in the post­war period.

Let no one tell you that the creation of this committee will in any way interfere with the war effort. Men on naval af­fairs and men on military affairs have no corner on patriotism. Men in those two committees have no corner on want­ing to win the war more than any other Member of this House.

The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­tleman from Oklahoma has expired.

Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the gentleman 5 minutes more.

Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, certainly no one will say that there is anything that I would d J that would retard in the least the war effort. No one will say that there is anything that I would do that would retard in the least the activity of the Army's air force or of the naval air force. No; there has to be

some other reason than that. Oh, I do not blame the great Committee on In­terstate and Foreign Commerce. That is a splendid committee, it has a splendid chairman, and it is membered by splendid members. I do not blame them for op­posing it, because at the moment that committee has under its jurisdiction all commercial aviation, despite the fact that it is a committee that has so much other business before it that it cannot do justice to all of the business before it if ever they were called on to do all at once. A great member of that com­mittee just a few days ago told me that if it was necessary for that committee to appoint a subcommittee for every sub­ject before the committee, that there are not enough men on the committee to provide personnel for those subcom­mittees. I am not fussing about it. They are a great committee, and it does a great job. At the same time that com­mittee already has jurisdiction over mat­ters pertaining to all railroad, bus, and truck -operations, the inland waterways, the radio, the telegraph, the telephone, the Pure Food and Drugs Act, and it is also concern~d with many other matters.

Mr. Speaker, commercial aviation has become so potent in this country that a subcommittee of no committee can do justice to the job that has to be done, if we are to meet Great Britain, if you please, or Canada, if you please, and Germany and Italy-the rest of the na­tions in the world, if you please, in the post-war period, when it will be neces­sary to go into the markets of the world and compete with them.- because they are as anxious to win the war as you are, but they do not stop at winning the war. Plans by them · are going ahead every day for the post-war period. When this committee was in South America, we ran into trade commissions from Canada, trade commissions from Great Britain, down there for the pu:r­pose of gathering trade and making ar­rangements to get into trade with South America in the post-war period. Good business, I say it was. What is the United States doing? Win the war; of course we want to win the war, but are we not big enough, do we not possess enough intelligence and ingenuity to look a little bit beyond the war, for the economics of this country after the war is over? All right, now this fight is in the open. I did not have any idea that there would be a concerted fight against the creation of this great committee. It means no more to me than to anybody else, but if the fight is in the open, and if the three great committees are going to oppose it, then there is a country boy from Oklahoma who is ready to take up the cudgel and see where we end up.

I think there can be no question-and any unselfish person must agree-that now is the time to start to give some impetus and support to one of the great­est industries of today-one that will be in the post-war period probably the greatest industry in the world, and cer­tainly the greatest new industry in the world. I said before, and I say it again, that that country which is first ready with huge cargo-carrying fast airplanes is the country that will likely first recover

from this war effort; and you do not have on the statute books today a basic law which will permit commercial aviation to grow. You do not have on the books today a law which will permit your American aviation, which leads the avia­tion of all the world, to grow and expand; and it is your job, Member of Congress, to see that it is put there, irrespective of what committee you are on.

The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Oklahoma has again

·expired. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I

yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN].

Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I favor the resolution we have before us at this time, the purpose of which is to extend the life of the Select Committee to In­vestigate Air Accidents for another 90 days in order that this committee can wind up itc work and file its report and make recommendations to the House. I have read the report of this committee, and I believe the work of the committee has been of great value to the country and also that it has been of great benefit to the aviation industry and also to our war effort. The suggestion that this Congress or this House pass some legis­lation to set up a permanent aviation committee should be given serious con-.. sideration not only because of the great importance of aviation during this war but also because of the great importance aviation will play in the post-war period.

While we are discussing aviation, I feel it is important that I call your attention to the importance of the Civil Aeronau­tics Administration and the wonderful ground work it has laid in aviation prior to the war, its great contribution to suc­cessful aviation during the war, and its plans for commercial aviation after the war.

I am a member of the subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations which handles appropriations for the Department of Commerce, and we have worked very carefully on all of the prob­lems facing the Civil Aeronautics Ad­ministration. The lengthy records of our hearings on aviation have been avail­able to the membership of this House. These hearings had to do with most of the activities of civilian aviation, and I am certain that these hearings have proved of considerable value to the com­mittel3 which has been investigating our domestic air accidents. Therefore, in discussing present and future civilian aviation, it is important that the work already done by the C. A. A. and the committees responsible for that agency should not be overlooked. Also, the rec­ords of these committees and the valu­able records of the entire A. A. A. set-up should not be overlooked.

You are discussing now not only the matter of extending the life of this com­mittee for 90 days, but you are discuss­ing and also laying the ground work for some kind · of a permanent committee on aviation to work on aviation "in its pres­ent and future phases.

In discussing aviation of the present and its contribution to our war effort, I will call your attention to the fact that after many months of work on the part

.1943 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:;_HOUSE 321 of the committee ha.ving to do with ap­propriations for C. A. A., this House in its wisdom kept alive the civilian-pilot training program. The result was that when war broke out, the C. A. A. had ready to offer to our Army and Navy a reservoir of thousands of trained pilots, many of whom today can be numbered among the many heroes of this war. At the same time, this House through its support of our committee and its sup­port of the civilian-pilot · training pro­gram through C. A. A., made possible a turn-over of pilots and students amounting to thousands. The story of the long fight to save the civilian-pilot training program is an interesting one, but I will not take up your time today in long details. I do wish, however, to commend those in this House whose far­sighted support saved this pilot-training program which is so valuable to our fighting forces in the time of our war crisis. .

There are many men who first laid the ground work in the C. A. A. which re­sulted in the organization and comple­. tion of the great civilian pilot training program in the early days of aviation. . General Connolly, now serving in the War Department, a former Adminis­trator of C. A. A.; Charles Stanton, the present Administrator; Robert Hinckley, former Assistant Secretary of Commerce f.or Air, now an executive with the Sperry Co., known as the father of civilian pilot training; Frank Tischnor, editor of Aero Digest; and many others can be named ·as the pioneers of this great service. I wish I had the time to give you other names. Scores of aviation pioneers con­tributed much of their time, energy, and -money to keep aviation in the United States alive at a time when the value of

. their efforts was neither realized nor ap­preciated.

The airports scattered throughout the States, the new methods in communica­tions, the better styles of planes, the in;. creased speed of our planes now in use in combat and in commercial service, the newer aids to air navigation, the safety ·controls, and many other valuable avia­tion assets can be traced to the pioneer-ing work of these men and especially to the activities of the Civil Aeronautics ·Administration. In considering a per­manent committee on aviation, the basic and valuable work of these individuals, organizations, and the C. A. A. must be made the foundation, and neither the C. A. A. nor the regular committees re­sponsible for aviation should be sub­ordinated. The permanent committee should be a committee auxiliary to the already great foundation laid for pres­ent and future aviation. It should be such an auxiliary committee as would aid in the development of work already done.

The various State legislatures cer­·tainly should come in for some commen­dation while we are discussing aviation of the past, · present, and future. The Governors and State legislatures of the various States have not neglected avia­tion. The great State of Nebraska was one of the pioneers in aviation. The Nebraska State Legislatures of the past

LXXXIX--21

and present have·been and are composed of men who have great vision. Very . early our State legislature approprfated large sums of money for aviation expan­sion. Our Governors have appointed men of flying experience to membership on the State aeronautics commission. Our State aeronautics commission works in the closest kind of cooperation with Civil Aeronautics Administration to the end that £tate aviation laws, regulati<h"'lS, and policies may be coordinated with the master plans of the C. A. A. Other States have worked along that line, but Nebraska was a. leader in that endeavor. The States which followed that rule and the States which, like Nebraska, saw the possibilities of future aviation are many and are to be commended. The result was a Nation-wide interest in aviation among the youth of America long before the outbreak of war, and a great reservoir of young pilots available at a time when pilots were badly needed. So I want to join others in doing whatever I can to give encouragement to the formation of any committee which will help in this great effort to make the United States the leader of the world in aviation not only during this war but in the post-war period when, I pre<1ict, aviation will be one of the chief facilities for the relief of the world's economic ills.

If I may be permitted to do so, I would like to digress briefly to call your atten­tion to some aviation matters that affect a number of Members here. In our pe­riod of depression and also during the time when war clouds approached us and the world realized the importance of avi­·ation during a war, many of our com­munities were induced to undertake the constructioQ of airports. Federal agen­cies came to our communities and urged our community representatives, official and civic, to build airports. Many com­munities feeling that the Government would need airports badly in wartime, voted bonds and went into debt to buy land for airport sites. The Federal Gov­ernment, through the W. P. A., aided substantially. Large investments were made in some of these airports. Many of the sites have been graded, drained, and made ready for hard surfacing of· the runways. Many communities had contracted for the paving and many were ready to advertise for bids on the work to complete the projects. The W. P. A. had earmarked large sums for the com­pletion of some of these airports with the approval of the C. A. A. Then came liquidation of the W. P. A. Communities ready to complete their airports suddenly found themselves with large unfinished projects on their hands, although much work had been done. Work which in many cases would be destroyed by time and erosion. The amount of money in­vested in these airports by the Federal and city governments is being ascer­tained by the C. A. A. A full picture of this situation should now or soon be in the hands of that agency. My plea now is that these airports be completed not only to save the investment the Federal Government has in the projects but for the purpose . of putting them to immedi­ate use in our war effort.

· Mr. Speaker, I appreciate this oppor­tunity to discuss aviation briefly in the light of the resolution before us. I have great faith in our committees now work­in.g on aviation, and I have faith that this House will give full consideration to the plan for a permanent aviation com­mittee to help in present and .future avi­·ation problems. No cne will deny that aviation will win the war and that avia­tion will help solve many of our prob­lems in the post-war period. .No one with vision will deny the prediction that you and I will live to see the day when

, myriads of airplanes with passengers, freight, and mail will connect all cor­ners of the earth. · [Here the gavel fell.]

Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD].

Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I wish to touch upon a phase of this general appruach which was missed the other afternoon in the grand presentation made to us by the members of the a via­tion committee, and which has been over­looked here today in the debate .

Between Christmas and January 1, I attended a meeting of the Rotary Club in Detroit, at which were present about two or three hundred members of greater industrial Detroit. There were three 8-minute speeches made by speakers on that day. The· gentleman who closed the round table presented his argument on the basis of the trade that we are going to recapture or take or create in the different countries of the world in the post-war period. At the end of his talk I raised this question, as to what he was going to do about section 4 of the Atla:1tic Charter, which reads this way­speak.irig of the United Kingdom and the United States:

SEc. 4. They will endeavor, with due re­spect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all states, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world Which are needed for their economic prosperi t~.

If we overlook that language in con­nection with the trade that we expect to control and the cargo ships that we ex­pect to send out and the cargoes on those ships in the post-war period, I think we may wake up some day with a headache. If I can understand English, section 4 of the Atlantic Charter will have something to say about what mar­kets we recapture, what markets we create, and about the goods which we move into those markets, the terms which we apply to that trade, and all about it. So I want to call your atten­tion to section 4.

Mr. MAY. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. Mr. MAY. Does not the gentleman

think that that probably means just what it says, "on equal terms with all other nations," that every nation in the world would be a competitor of every other nation, and those who competed with us would be up against the disad­vantage of our being able to take the markets by reason of our own expansion and capacity to produce?

322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22 Mr. CRAWFORD. No. I do not read

that meaning into the language; and if you will go to article VII of the British Master Agreement, which is a part of this whole approach, you will find tll.at the Atlantic Charter and the Lease-Lend Act of March 1941 are tied into the British Master Agreement. And if you will go one step furthei· and carefully digest the general approach and the philosophy of the concept, you will also find that the "four freedoms" and the declaration by the United Nations are two other facets of this many-sided international trade diamond which has • been designed," I must say, behind the curtains of international diplomacy. These documents state "ends", not ''means"; and it is up to the Members of this House to explore into the mean­ings of these vague political and eco­nomic and social international terms. They point the way for a new order­good or bad, I am not saying-for the American people. Of course, the people have not spoken on these highly impor­tant matters which involve the highest policy of government. But in due course the people will speak with understand­ing. The phrase "on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their eco­nomic prosperity" is made up of beau­tiful words. But to effectuate the intent is an entirely dissimilar,.and I must say very difficult, problem. Any man who has engaged . in trade on a large scale knows that "on equal terms" is some­thing that just does not exist in the very practical world of trade and commerce, and more particularly so if many na­tional interests are involved. For in­stance, how are you going to put little Finland on equal terms with Britain in the Argentine market in the post-war period? Or Norway on an equal foot­ing with the United States in the Chilean market or Italy on equal terms with Japan in the Chinese market?

best means or attaining the above-stated ob­.' jectives by their ·own agreed action and . of

seeking the agreed action of other like­minded governments.

Now let me read to you art!cle VII of the British Master Agreement:

In the final determination of the benefits to be provided to the United States of Amer­ica by the Government of the United King­dom in return for aid furnished under the act of Congress of March 11, 1941, tlie terms and conditions thereof shall be such as not to burden commerce between the two coun­tries, but to promote mutually advantageous economic relations between them and the betterment of world-wide economic relations. To that end, they shall include provision for agreed ·action by the United States of Amer­ica and the United Kingdom, open to par­ticipation by all other countries of like mind, directed to the expansion, by appropriate in­ternational and domestic measures, of pro­duction, employment, and the exchange and consumption of goods, which are the ma­terial foundations of the liberty and wel,fare of all peoples; to the ·elimination of all iorms of discriminatory treatment in international commerce, and to the reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers; and, in general, to the attainment of all the economic objectives set forth in the joint declaration made on Au­gust 12, 1941, by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

At an early convenient date, conversations shall be begun between the two Govern­ments with a view to determining, in the · light of governing economic conditions, the

And, may I ask you just what does the term "countries of like mind" mean? Another question: What meaning shall we now read into the language "by ap­propriate international and domestic measures?" That will undoubtedly call for many treaties and statutory acts be­fore the plan is properly functioning. and these conversations that are to be held. Just when and where?

Mr. BROWN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from Michi­gan [Mr. BRADLEY].

Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I am wholeheartedly in favor of this resolution. . I think the Nichols committee, officially known as the Select Committee to Investigat.e Air Accidents, has done a most commendable job, and certainly this body should permit them to wind up their affairs and complete their final report; and for that reason and for that reason only the life of this committee should be extended the addi­tional 90 days requested by the chairman and other members 'of that committee.

Mr. Speaker, I have taken this time primarily to address myself ~o the very important question of the several reso­lutions now pending before the Rules Committee looking toward the creation of a standing committee of the House on Civil Aviation. It is, of course, under­stood in advance by everyone properly informed that this committee should have to do only with the question of non­military aviation. There.fore, Mr. Speak­er, I see no reason why the Naval Affairs Committee, the Military Affairs Com­mittee, or even the Interstate and For­eign Commerce Committee-or any other committee-should object to the formu­lation· of this standing committee on civil aviation in this House. Certainly, no question of patriotism is at stake, and there should be no question of politico­personal jealousy permitted to enter the picture. Civil aviation has in the past been dealt with by a subcommittee of the

• powerful and splendid Committee on Interstate and . Foreign Commerce. There has been no criticism of their handling of the problem in the past, but the future problems demand undivided attention by a standing committee.

Up to the last World War, aviation was in the diaper stage. It grew into the romper stage in that war. For many years its growth was stunted and until very recently it had not advanced beyond the short pants stage. But within the past few years, Mr. Speaker, civil avia­tion had just begun to put on its long pants and civil aviation merits careful and above all undivided attention in the future. No presently standing committee of this House can, in justice to its other work, give it the consideration to which it is properly entitled.

Insofar as cC'mmercial civil aviation is concerned, the gentleman from Okla­homa [Mr. NICHOLS] has stated its ex­tremely important position very wisely. We might streamline and modernize the historic words of the Confederate Gen­eral Forrest in this fashion: "In the post-

. '

war world that nation will recover 'fustest' whicn gets there 'fustest' with the 'mostest' and the fastest transport airplanes." But the question of com­mercial aviation has been adequately covered heretofore. There is an angle to this aviation question, which it seems to me has been overlooked in the pres­ent discussion and to which I address myself now.

I refer to the matter of private flying after this war. Mr. Speaker, for many years I have been intensely interested in this question of private flying. I have owned and, although never a licensed pilot, flown several different airplanes of my own, and, in fact, against the ad­vice of some of my political advisers, I conducted most of my initial compaign for Congress by air. I found it expedi­ent. I found it very valuable as a time­saver in covering the huge spaces in the 16 counties of northern Michigan which I have the honor to represent, and which-thanks to a farseeing policy of the Michigan Department of Aero­nautics-is quite well studded with many strategically located, and ade­quately equipped, small airports and landing fields. For a number of years I have been a member of the Sportsmen's Pilot Association and the National Aero­nautic Association. I have followed pri­vate flying r:;tther closely until the war brought an end to all such activity, with the exception of the remarkable work now being done by the Civil Air Patrol, which is a wartime organization of priv.ate flyers.

Mr. Speaker, after this war has been ended, aviation is going to continue to be a very large industry in this Nation­make no mistake about it. It will be the salvation of America. Turn back the pages of history. About the turn of the century this country made a great finan­cial and industrial recovery. Why? Due to the advent of the automobile-the creation of a new mode of transportation. Following the last war, there was a brief depression, and yet this country was

. placed back on its economic feet by the advent of the radio and certain of the new mechanical devices used in the home, such as the vacuum cleaner, elec­tric refrigeration, electric stove, air con­ditioning-to mention only a few. ·

The recovery of the entire world after this war is going to be due solely to avia­tion-a new mode of transportation. I · repeat that I agree with the gentleman from Oklahoma when he says that coun­try will recover quickest which is best capable of capturing the markets of the world through the seas of the sky-that country which can get its products to the markets of the world in the quickest time-by means of civil aviation. It has been said, Mr. Speaker, that England is mistress of 4-he seas. That statement may be properly challenged in the future. But in looking into the post-war world, Mr. Speaker, America must retain its title of master of the skyways.

And so I say that civil aviation is the most vital subject which this House should be considering today. It is a most vital subject which this House should be considering through very care­fully trained and experienced experts

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 323 serving in a standing committee dealing solely with the future of civil aviation.

After this war shall have ended, we will have literally hundreds of thousands of carefully trained pilots in this Nation. That presents a potential market for hundreds of thousands of private air­craft. It takes a war to bring about a change in our domestic economy of such magnitude. Bear in mind that in nor­mal peacetimes, it costs almost $1,000 for the average young man to learn to fly. Where can the average young man get that money? He cannot, and if he did, he could not afford to buy an airplane after he learned how to fly. But even then, h~ is still not a pilot in the ac­cepted sense of the word. Sure! He can take off, fly around the country and land in fair weather and following con­tact flight rules-which means keeping in close touch with the ground by means of a map lying on his laP-find his way reasonably well. But that young man is not a real pilot until he has learned to conquer the elements, or in other words until he has learned to fly blind and has obtained an instrument rating, which means that he can fly out of con­tact of the ground-over the clouds­by means of instruments and radio. This postgraduate training in • pre-war days cost the young man another $1,000 more or less, and most fathers, and certainly not the young man, ditl not have that money to put up.

War changes all of that and when we have won this war, Mr. Speaker, we will have literally a hundred thousand or more of these trained instrument-rated private pilots in the market for airplanes, or their services will be available to you and me and others of us who will be forced to employ their services in order to fly about the country and about the world, in order to compete with our fel­low man in the economy of the world.

And so I say to you that the creation of a standing committee on civil avia­tion in this House is an absolute neces­sity. The post-war recovery of Amer­ica will be very definitely linked with civil aviation. A civil aviation commit­tee must be created. It has been over­due for some years past. The post-war protection of America may well be de­pendent entirely upon military aviation~ The two subjects do not clash in any sense of the word and military aviation should-as it has in the past-be han­dled by, and in the future receive No. 1 priority in, the standing Committees on Military Affairs ar:d Naval A:ffairs·. Un­fortunately that has not been true in the past.

These three committees should co­operate closely together, because the skyways of the world will be traveled . by all, but very definitely rigid regula­tions will of necessity be imposed to see to it that each of the several classifica­tions of aircraft remain within their own sphere of the skyways. The sky traffic of the post-war world is going to be a tremendous problem. Reference has been made here today to the fact that we today have 48,000 military aircraft; that next year we will have 100,000 in the skyways. But they will be scattered all over the . world. Prior to Pearl Har-

bor we had, roughly, 300 commercial air liners in the skies over our country. Contrast these puny figures with the­roughly 30,000,000 automotive vehicles that we had on our highways prior to Pearl Harbor, then you will get some inkling-just a faint inkling-or' the sky­way travel of the future. Just this morning I read, as you probably did, the prediction of a noted plastic engineer with the Glenn L. Martin plant in Balti­more to the effect that shortly after this war is over, we shall .have plastic heli­copters a;:,cending vertically and de­scending vertically and capable of be­ing stored in an ordinary garage the same as cars are stored today. While it may sound fantastic, still I tell you that within 5 years after this war there will be hundreds of thousands of heli­copters and other light aircraft-may­be not today on blueprint but cer­tainly existing in the minds of our own, the world's leading aircraft designers­carrying you and me and other citizens of this country in our daily pursuits, not in our own home town, not in our own State, not in our own Nation, but, con­ceivably, all over the world. This problem demands intensive, careful study by men who have their minds focused on that particular industry and the problems related thereto.

Now, just to go back a bit into recent past history; let me point out just one or two little angles which have hitherto been befogged and which need clarifica­tion. The Civil Aeronautics Authority and the Air Safety Board, prior to Re­organization Plan No. IV, did a mighty fine job in endeavoring to bring order out of chaos in the private flying and the commercial flying picture. They made a good start, but they did not have time to accomplish all they had in mind, and so, as one flies around the country in the private plane of yesterday from State to State, he found different local regula­tions applying to the operation of air­ports. He found different taxes on air­craft gasoline. He found some different local regulations with respect to opera­tions near certain airports. These were all handled as local problems; aviation must be handled on a national, a world­wide basis. This has not been a serious thing in the past, because there was not enough traffic in private aircraft to cre­ate much of an operational hazard, but that is very definitely going to be a prob­lem in the future and one which must be dealt 'With nationally. In the post­war world and by cooperative action, House Committees on Military Affairs, Naval Affairs, and Civil Aviation will have to get their heads together. to keep America foremost in the world as king of aviation. We may hear that England will choose to remain mistress of the seas, but I say to you in all sincerity, with America paying the bill for this war, paying the bill for this war, as the Pres­ident recently asked in his Budget­that America is today and in this com­ing year going to spend more on this war effort than all the world put together­we in this Congress must see to it that Uncle Sam remains the king of the sky­ways of the world, and a Civil Aviation Committee is the answer. ~ not · kid

yourselves, gentlemen; just today one of our colleagues from California informed me that he knew from first-hand infor­mation that right today some of our latest and best civil air transports are being delivered to some of our friends abroad, possibly under lend-lease....:..he was not sure; I leave it to you to guess. But it is definitely known that those American transports are today being used not only to prosecute the war ef • fort but to build up in the eyes of the post-war markets a serious competition to America's future position as king of the skyways. Wake up, collo,gues. Do not let them talk you out of a standing Committee on Civil _viation.

Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the resolution.

The previous question was ordered. The resolution was agreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the

table. MEMBERSHIP OF COMMITTEES

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I offer a resolution <H. Res. 72), and ask for its immediate consideration.

The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That during the Seventy-eighth

Congress the Committee on Rivers and Har­' bors shall be composed of 26 members; the CommitteP on Irtsular Affairs shall be com­posed of 23 members.

The resolution was agreed to. EXTENSION OF REMARKS

M :.: . COLE of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and include therein an article which appeared in the Baltimore Sun of January 22 regarding the election of my colleague the gentle­man from Missouri [Mr. MARION BEN­NETT].

The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

There was no objection. SPECIAL ORDERS

The SPEAKER. Under the previous order of the House, the gentleman from nlinois [Mr. VuRSELLJ is recognized for 15 minutes.

Mr. VURSELL. Mr. S:t-3aker, it is with some reluctance that I ask the Members of the House to bear with me for a few minutes today, as I am not un­aware that I am one of that large body of new Members sent here by the people to represent them and their interests in this most important session of the Sev­enty-eighth Congress. I am also aware that it has been a rather unwritten rule that the function of new Members is mostly to be seen and not heard.

In former days, when the people of the country and their Government were glid­ing along in peaceful and normal times, I am inclined to believe that this rule was more applicable than it is today. Some 65 Members representing their dis­tricts with a total population of 15,000,-000 people or more, with property hold­ings of billions of dollars, with their sons being called into the armed forces in this cruel war, with their civilian life being restricted and regimented; after giving consideration to the facts and issues- in the past campaign made the decision to send to this august body these

324 CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 22 new Members to represent them in this Congress. In the stress of -these abnor­mal wartimes, it is fair to assume that the constituents of these Members are expecting them to assume their full share of responsibilities in representing them now in the conduct of the affairs of their Nation.

Speaking for myself, and I think I represent the thought of most of the new Members of this session, I have been deeply impressed with the sincerity of purpose of the Members of this body with whom I have come in contact, on both sides of the House. I have been greatly encouraged by the apparent arid expressed intense interest and determi­nation of the Members of this body in carrying forward the business of gov­ernment, their eager desire to measure up to the great responsibilities that are now before this body and will .continue to weight it down throughout the session.

I want at this time to express my ap­preciation of the splendid fellowship, advice, and helpful counsel of the older Members. I am sure that the other new Members have the same feeling and the same appreciation for the older Mem­bers of this body. I am further certain that I vouch their sentiment when I say . that it is our earnest desire to follow your leadership and be helpful in the so­lution of the problems, so far as it lies within our power, that are before the country today. I think it was Dr. John­son who once very wisely and graciously said:

God Himself, sir, does not purpose to judge man· until the end of his day; why should you and I?

I feel certain that the Members of this most important Congress will not be too quick to judge the new Members, and they will be forbearing with us neo­phytes who are anxious to take our place in helping in the work of the Nation's business.

Mr. Speaker, my purpose today is to bring to the attention of this body some thoughts that have been on my mind for many months. In calling them to your attention, I am not unmindful of the old adage that "fools rush in where an­gels fear to tread." I know it is a ques­tion which might be regarded as danger­ous to one's prestige and political future; however, I prefer to follow my con­science and let the future take care of itself. I do not deem it of much impor­tance whether a particular Member is returned to this House, only insofar as his services are important to the Nation and the public welfare. How well he serves his country in these trying times while he is here is what is really worth while.

For almost a year now the question of manpower has become increasingly more serious, and has been engaging the at­tention of the administration and the Congress. In the last few months it has become acute.

High wages from Government war plants have drained millions of men away from industry and the farms. Un­der our selective-service agency, millions more have bzen inducted into the mili· tary service.

We are faced today with the serious facts that manpower on the farms of our­country is so depleted that we are likely. to have a serious food shortage here in this country. The farmers are not able to get the additional machinery needed with which to carry on efficiently, and they are not able to procure the neces­sary labor to plant, till; and harvest their crops. Secretary Wickard is urging greater production to feed our Army, our civilians, and for lend lease, with the slogan that "food will win the war."

Young men have been taken from large -farms all over this country, with there­sult that such farms have quit producing. Public sale bills have gone up all over the farming sections of this Nation an­nouncing the sale of stock and equip­ment. Dairy cows by the countless thou­sands have· been slaughtered and we are short of butter and milk throughout the country.

There have been some silly proposals that young city women and high-school children be sent to the farms to help in planting and production. Such ideas are too impractical to be given consideration. I understand the Government is now holding schools of instruction on farm machinery repair for high-school stu­dents. This, too, is a waste of time and money.

This is the thought that I wanted to bring to the attention of this body. It has had some appeal to me for several months.

Have we not reached the point where less men can be taken from civilian life as the months of 1943 face us?

Have we already drawn sufficient man­power when they are trained and equipped to win this war in the shortest time with the least loss of life? It is estimated that we have possibly 7,000,000 men in the armed forces now. There is talk of inducting some 3,000,000 men dur­ing 1943. Such a procedure will work additional hardships on the civilian econ­omy, will cause married men, with chil­dren, to be taken from their jobs and their family, and will add tremendously to the financial burdens of the Nation.

Mr. FISH. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. VURSELL. I yield to the gentle­

man from New York [Mr. FISH]. Mr. FISH. Has the gentleman given

any consideration to the question of get­ting our troops over to the fighting lines?

Mr. VURSELL. I will get to that. Mr. FISH. In connection with this

whole question of having a huge army, I think that is the most important issue to discuss.

Mr. VURSELL. I will get to that a little later. Food for our people, our Army, and our allies is most important. The buying of bonds, our contribution in taxes to help finance the war is just as important. The preservation of our financial structure now and for the post­war period is just as important if we are to save our American form of govern­ment. take our proper place at the peace table, and do our proper part in helping to feed the stricken and helpless people of the world in the years of reconstruc­tion to follow.

While we are all proud of the mar­velous achievement of our Nation in

making such rapid strides in preparing and equipping our military forces, and are proud of the heroism and valor dis­played and the victories of our American soldiers; the smartest and best in the world, as a Nation we must guard against calling to the colors possibly 2,000,000 more men than are needed to do the job. There has been talk of mobilizing an armed force ·or ten or twelve million men. Such estimates to me seen;t entirely too high.

Question: Will we need such a large force? Can we build or get the ships to put even 5,000,000 men on foreign shores and provide them an adequate flow of supplies? These are questions that I know are in the minds of many of the people in my State and are giv­ing Members of this body serious thought.

This is a mechanized war and calls for a mechanized army. One man in the field now can use three times the muni­tion in a day than could be used in World War No. 1. I am told that it takes 10 tons of shipping to supply one man in Africa or in the Pacific. Three mil­lion men would require 30,000,000 tons of shipping. Can we get supplies to them-can we get the ships?

Our Nation started in this war as the arsenal for the Allies; later, through lend-lease, we assumed our full share as the granary for the Allies. Now, added to that, we are fast moving into the cen­ter of the picture, with the exception of Russia possibly, with the largest army of them all. We are proud of the part we, as a nation, are able to play; but are we not justified in at least exploring the thought and possibilities that we can win the war more quickly, at less loss of life and With less financial strain placed upon our Nation with an armed force smaller than is now contemplated?

More planes and tanks to Russia will hit the German Army more effectively now than a year later in the hands of American boys that are using that equip­ment now in training. Russia needs equipment now. She has the manpower.

China, lying close to Japan, can hurl an army of 10,000,000 men against her if we can get guns, planes, tanks, and munitions to her.

Many of the Members of this House in a conference I was permitted to attend heard the officers of the Independent Oil Producers of America in this· building Monday appeal for help to keep oil-well workers ·on the job in order that they might drill the Government's program, 16,'000 oil wells in 1943. They told how their men were being taken into the Army and some going to work in war plants.

In this meeting a high Government of­ficial expressed the seriousness of the

· labm· shortage in the oil fields, making the statement that 70 percent of the tonnage that was going abroad to sup­ply the Army was petroleum products. He was anxious that production and re­serves be ircreased and pointed out the tremendous amount of oil and shipping that was required to supply this mech­anized world army.

In conclusion may I say, Washington, the seat of this Government, in its in­fluence in winning this war, writing the

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- .HOUSE

peace, and aiding in reconstruction, is now and will be the focal and most im­portant point in the world. This Co:a­gress cooperating with the administra­tion, the War and Navy Departments, may well be the most important Con.;, gress that has ever functioned since the beginning o:.: thiS Republic. There is no question about the interest, earnestness, and great ability of many of the veteran leaders of this body. Because of my high regard for your leadership, my desire to be helpful, my faith in representative government, I have attempted in my humble way to call to your attention these thoughts which I have deemed ·worthy of your consideration.

Mr. REED of New York. Will the gen­tleman yield?

Mr. VURSELL. I yield to the gentle­man from New York [Mr. REED].

Mr. REED of New York. I wish to congratulate the gentleman upon his ex­cellent contribution to a very important subject.

Mr. VURSELL. I thank the gentle­man.

The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. SIKES). Under a previous order of the House, the gentleman from Indiana £Mr. WILSON] is recognized for 15 min-utes. . .

Mr. WILSON. Mr. Spe~ker, I take this time to call to the attention of the Members of the House the fact that the Federal Works Agency has at last taken · an important step in the right direction. I was informed yesterday that it would be the policy of the Agency in the future to let all contracts on the open, competi­tive bidding basis, rather than on the closed, select bidding basis.

Heretofore, by select bidding, they have singled out a few contractors, per­haps in some cases, a favored few with the understanding that they and they alone were eligible to bid on a certain project and, therefore. eliminated many worthy contractors. Reasons given were hardly plausible in view of the facts which I am about to present in ·regard to a project with which I am very familiar.

It is claimed that select bidding was initiated in order to economize in the preparation and distribution of plans and specifications; that, for open bid­ding, the cost of preparation and distri­bution of additional plans and specifica­tions would amount approximately to $500 per project. It is my firm convic­tion that open bidding will save much more than that and that the quality of the materials used may be substantially improved.

The case I wish to point out to you now is that of the armory at Shelby, N.C. The successful bidder on this project got the contract to furnish precast stone at $6,200. The Ingalls Limestone Co., of Bedford, Ind., placed a bid of $5,075 on furnishing natural Indiana limestone de­livered on the scene at the time specified. In this bid submitted on Indiana lime­stone an allowance of $1,840 was made for freight charges to the project,. leav­ing the cost of the stone ' fully processed in the mills $3,235. This made the price paid for the precast stone at the proc­essing plant 91.6 percent higher than

that of natural limestone at its place of production.

Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will the gentleman · yield?

Mr. WILSON. I Yleld to the gentle­man from Minn~sota.

Mr. AUGUST H. ~DRESEN. I understood the gentleman to say that the man who got this contract received nearly $4,000 more for the stone than the gentleman's concern there in Bed­ford, Ind.

Mr. WILSON. That is correct in re­gard to the price that was received for the stone at the place of ·production. The point I am trying to bring out there is the fact that they paid 91.6 percent more for an entirely inferior product. It happens that the Ingalls Stone Co., of Bedford, Ind., agreed to deliver lime­stone at a cost of $5,075, which was about $1,100 less than the other stone delivered on the site. Allowing $1,840 for freight, they paid 91.6 percent more for precast stone f. o. b. than they would have had to pay for limestone-at least twice what they should have paid.

Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Was this an open-bid contract?

Mr. WILSON. No; it was a closed­select-bid contract.

Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Does the gentleman imagine the man who se­cured the bid was compelled to make certain contributions to certain chari­table and eleemosynary organizations?

Mr. Wll.:SON. Well, in answer to your question, I do know that the whole thing stinks and that there were other con­tracts in the same State that were let under the same conditions and that they did pay more for this inferior product than the price they would have paid to have had Indiana limestone delivered on the ground. Also, I know that the ex­cuse they gave for doing this is entirely in error.

Mr. HALLECK. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. WILSON. I yield to the gentle­man from Indiana.

Mr. HALLECK. Of course, we from the Hoosier State are well aware of the fine qualities of Indiana limestone as a building material. Is it not true that it is one of the outstanding and best build­ing materials in the whole country and that it has been used in a great many places with very great success?

Mr. WILSON. The gentleman is abso­lutely correct, and I thank him for his contribution. I am told that about 75 or 80 percent of the permanent Govern­ment buildings here in Washington were built of Indiana limestone.

Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. That is true all over the country.

Mr. WILSON. Yes; it is of stone buildings. Another friend of mine from the Granite State of Massachusetts told me yesterday that the post office in Bos­ton was built of Indiana limestone. We can ship limestone and compete with any building stone anywhere.

Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. WILSON. I gladly yield to the distinguished gentleman from . Michigan.

Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Is it not a fact that Indiana limestone is the

standard stone - for ·c.onstructi.ng build­: ings? ..

- Mr. WILSON. That is absolutely true and I thank the gentleman. I am glad the gentleman askect that question, be­cause it brings to my mind some more

· information in regard to this particular project. I am informed that the man who got this contract to furnish precast stone, John J. Norton, in North Carolina, also processes limestone, that he pre­ferred to have the bids let only on the precast stone because there was too much competition in the limestone field. Therefore, he wanted to eliminate com­petition in order to get the bid-and on this inferior product at a much higher price.

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. V/ill the gentleman yield?

Mr. WILSON. I yield to the gentlec woman from Massachusetts.

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. May I inform the gentleman, if !le does not know it, that a g~eat deal of the Boston Post Office is built of granite, of which there is such a lot of very fine material in the State of Massachusetts.

Mr. WILSON. Is it true that there is Indiana limestone in the Boston Post Office?

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Yes; but there is a great deal more granite also.

Mr. WILSON. Of course, the gentle­woman will agree that the lion's share is limestone, because we can ship it all the way from Indiana and compete with granite in your home State of Massa­chusetts. The people in Boston, Mass., are not afraid that the Indiana limestone will crack, are they?

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Of course, vie feel, and I think the gentle­man will find the experts in the different departments will verify this, that the granite is the most durable of all stone.

Mr. WILSON. The gentlewoman did not answer my question.

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I think I did answer it. I think it is not inferior, but that the granite is better.

Mr. WILSON. Just more expensive. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the

gentleman yield? Mr. WILSON. I yield to the gentleman

from Michigan. Mr. HOFFMAN. May I ask the gentle­

woman from Massachusetts if that is because it comes from a New England State, just like the beans?

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I am prejudiced, I suppose, but I am stat­ing now what experts say, not giving my own opinion.

Mr. HOFFMAN. I have noticed that whenever there is anything of that kind on New England always has the better of the argument. It has better material and gets more money for it, no question about it. . Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I think New England has wonderfully fine material, and everybody admits it.

Mr. HOFFMAN. We do, and we ad­mit that they get their share, if not a. little more.

Mr. WILSON. The people of the In­diana limestone area always welcome open, competitive bidding. ~hey are

326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 'JANUARY. 22 glad to submit their product entirely on COMMERCIAL AVIATION'S POST·~AR its merits. ' FUTURE

I think you will agree that the price · Mr. MANASCO. Mr. Speaker, for the which was paid for this precast stone past several months there has been a down in North Carolina was entirely out growing interest in post-war planning of line by any stretch of the imagination. in this country. The subject is being

For instance, in the Bedford limestone widely discussed in the press, over the area, precast stone producers always have radio, and in magazines. we have a to underbid the limestone people in order special board set up to make recommen­to get a contract. On this very small job dations and work out a program to be alone, $1,125 was paid for a wholly in- put into effect immediately upon the ces­ferior product delivered at the project. sation of hostilities. So far as I can I have reason to believe that this has gather from press releases our board is been going on in many large and small dealing with the post-war program as a projects all over the land. Another rea- social and not an economic problem. son given by the officials in charge was There has been some criticism of those that Indiana limestone is an inferior h Product, that it chips and cracks, which who are making preparations for t e day

when peace again returns to all nations argument is, of course, ridiculous. . ·Most on the ground that we should devote all of our Government buildings of the per- our energies and talents to winning the manent type here in Washington, our war and allow the post-war problems to Nation's Capital, are built of indiana be solved when they arise. · If we follow limestone. This pragmatic proof should this line of reasoning we will probably satisfy even the most inexperienced or find ourselves in another war in less than skeptical hireling of the Federal Works 20 years. If a baby is expected in the Agency. Indiana limestone is a pure car- family the parents db not await its ar­bonate of lime product, than which there rival to provide for it, but make plans is no better building stone. for its welfare many days in advance. If

Another argument was advanced that we want lasting peace, we must make the Ingalls Limestone Co. of Bedford was plans now to play our part in the post­not mailed copies of the plans and speci- war period. fications and were, therefore, not entitled It is not unwise to have idealists make to bid, which argument was entirely false, recommendations for the part we will for the Ingalls Limestone Co: did receive play. Some of them want to remake ~opies of the plans and specifications. the world and feed, clothe, educate, regu-

Mr. Speaker, I feel that while we are making investigations in the interest of late, and control all the peoples on the

globe. Some of their suggestions may, economy and fairness that the Federal by accident, prove of great value. Some Works Agency should not be overlooked. people want to set up an international

Mr. Speaker, I have pointed out a con-crete case and given you facts which in- police organization and assure posterity dicate gross incompetence and possible that another Hitler cannot rise again.

Some Americans would have us, when the graft. war is won, take no part in international

Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, will the affairs. With all the different views we gentleman yield? hope that a sound policy can be worked

Mr. WILSON. I yield to the gentle- out that will insure a lasting peace and man from Indiana.

Mr. HALLECK. I commend the gen- that our country will justify its existence tleman for the solicitude he has shown as a progressive Nation by playing a for this great industry .in his district, major role in the days to come. and commend him also for the diligence We Americans have by now, or should

h t t h have, learned that we cannot build a wall with which he has soug t 0 pro ect t e around our territorial limits and have the interests of that industry.

Mr. WILSON. I thank the gentleman things that it takes to_make our standard from Indiana. of living so much higher than the rest of

[Here the gavel fell.] the world. Our automobile depends on rubber from the East Indies, -chromium

EXTENSION OF REMARKS from Turkey and Russia; our food is bet-Mr. KEFAUVER. M1~. Speaker, I ask ter because of the coffee of Brazil·, the tin

unanimous consent to extend my own re- of Malaya and the spices of India; our marks in the RECORD and include therein health is better because of quinine from two editorials. the East Indies and South America;

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there benzedrine from China and rare herbs objection to the request of the gentleman from all parts of the globe. We must not from Tennessee? allow a wall to be built around us if we

There. was no objection. ·are to continue to have the luxuries and necessities to which we have been accus-

PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE tomed. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Others have made suggeStions about

Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the part we are to play in the post-war today, at the conclusion of any special world and I have decided to offer some orders heretofore entered, I may be per- suggestions that I have not yet seen in mitted to address the House for 2 min- print. utes. It is nice to dream of a Utopian world,

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there but we must be realists if we want to stay objection to the request of the gentle- in the picture. We must build our post-woman from Massachusetts? war position in the world by commerce

There was no objection. operated by private enterprise with Gov-The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a ernment assistance when necessary to

previous order of the House, the gentle- put us on an even footing with our com­man from Alabama [Mr. MANASCO], is petitors. We must not blind ourselves tecognized for 10 minutes. J to the fact that the burden on our tax-

payers will be too heavy· wheh this war is over to undertake an international W. P. A. We all recall how our Uncle Sam was repeatedly referred to by all European nations after the last World War as Uncle Shylock. If we have not learned already·that we cannot buy good will an_d friendship, it is high time that we learn. The only way to win interna­tional good will is by having some com­modity or service that other nations need and 'are willing to pay for in cash or trade and make . them live up to their bargains. If we are fair with them ·in our dealings and give them value for what they buy, they will continue to be our friends in­stead of becoming ingrates when the cow· goes dry · and the milk fails to be de­livered. ·. To my humble way of thinking, the nation that controls the most commer­cial aviation lines throughout the world after the war is over will be the nation that recovers quickest. Today we have many hundreds of thousands of workers in aircraf-:. factories . and associated in­dustries. They are making machines of destruction now, but unless we decide to take advantage of our opportunity to become the dominant commercial nation 90 percent · of these workers will be thrown out of work when the war is over. Today we are training thousands of crews to fly multiengined bombers who can step into commercial aviation and carry our commerce to the four corners of the .globe. Today we are building, with the money of our taxpayers, excel­lent airports on every continent in the world; I hope we have had foresight enough to secure the rights, in perpe­tuity, for American air transports to use these fields. If we have not made these arrangements we should do it at once before our commerce goes the way of Phoenicia.

When peace comes we should insist that provisions be made that certain des­ignated air routes and landing sites be made ~wailable to the air lines of all nations. A group of experts should be authorized now to prepare data and sug­gestions as to proposed air routes over every nation. There will be stiff oppo­sition to this suggestion, but it will in .. sure equal commercial opportunities to the air lines of all nations and will en­able every nation to keep an eye on mili­tary preparations of every other nation. We have always insisted on the freedom of the seas. Now that air transport is a vital part of our economy, we must insist on freedom of the air.

It is highly probable that within the next 2 years huge cargo planes will be in operation with a cargo capacity of 300 tons or more and speed of 400 miles with a cruising range of 10,000 miles. Motor efficiency and structural design will in­crease the wing load, thereby reducing per pound operating cost, thus enabling the cargo planes of tomorrow to success­fully compete with slow water transporta­tion. We must begin preparations now to play our part in the air commerce of -th~ future. Careful study should be given to necessary international regula­tion of air commerce.

We should start today training young men and women to become representa­tives o~ this ~o~~t~y _ i~ every land. We ·

1943 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--"-HOUSE 327, should offer courses in every civilized lan­guage. These young people will not only serve our commercial adventures but can be trained to be ambassadors of good will. We must train them in ethics and diplomacy for if we let unethical repre­sentatives go to other lands to represent our private concerns and they make a reputation of being cheats and frauds, our Nation will be thus branded and we Will be sowing the seeds of another ter­rible war. These trained representatives will pe in a ppsition to keep our State De­partment advised of the internal condi­tions in all countries. They will enable us to prevent the rise of another Hitler or another sneak attack.

Unless we start preparations now to support private commerce, we will awaken too late and find that the planners have regimented the world and destroyed pri­vate enterprise.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the House, the gen­tlewoman from Massachusetts [Mrs. ROGERS] is recognized for 2 minutes.

THE UNITED STATES MARINES

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, we are all extremely grateful that the marines are to have a well­earned rest after 5 ·months of the most intensive fighting. The Navy believes that this is the longest period of day-to­day fighting, 24 hours a day, that has been performed by any American unit. On August 7, when they leaped from their ships and dashed onto the· sands of Guadalcanal, they probably did not realize what intensive fighting, under horrible conditions, they would face. But they were there to accomplish a pur­pose, and nothing could have stopped them. During the Flrst World War the Flrst Division had 223 days of fighting, but a period of training and a few lulls were included in that period.

We owe the marines our undying gratitude. The bravery, endurance, and superhuman skill and strength that those men put into their battles for us thrill you and me to our very souls. We salute the marines.

[Here the gavel fell.1 PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE

Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that on Monday next, at the conclusion of the legislative program of the day and following any special orders heretofore entered, I be permitted to address the House for 15 minutes.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there obj()ction to the request of the gentle­man from Washington?

'!'here was no objection. 1\.tfr. LEA. Mr. Speaker. I ask unani­

mous consent that on Monday next, fol­lo,;ving the remarks of the gentleman from Washington, I may be permitted to address the House for 20 minutes on the question of a special committee on aviation.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from California?

There was no objection. Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent that on Monday next. at the conclusion of any special

orders heretofore entered, the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. MAY] may be per­mitted to address the House for 20 min­utes on the same subject as the gentle­man from California [Mr. LEA].

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is ·there objectipn to the request of the gentleman from Alabama?

There was no objection. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent that on Monday next, following the remarks of the gen­tleman from Kentucky [Mr. MAY], the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. VINsoN] may be permitted to address the House for 20 minutes.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Washington?

There was no objection. Mr. BULWINKLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask

unanimous consent that on Tuesday next, at the conclusion of the legislative program of the day and following any special orders heretofore entered, I may be permitted to address the House for 20 minutes in opposition to the creation of a new committee on aviation.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­man from North Carolina?

Thexe was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS

Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­imous consent to extend my own re­marks in the RECORD and include therein an article by Raymond Clapper.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­man from Arkansas?

There was no objection. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I

ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and include therein an article by Robert L. Norton.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­man from Massachusetts?

There was no objection. Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Speaker', I ask

unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and include therein a short newspaper editorial.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­man from Ohio?

There was no objection. ADJOURNMENT

Mr. MORRISON of Louisiana. Mr. Speaker. I move that the House do now adjourn.

The motion was agreed to; accord­ingly (at 3 o'clock and 9 minutes p. m.). under its previous order, the House ad­journed until Monday, January 25, 1943, at 12 o'clock noon.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive

communications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows:

86. A letter from the Comptroller General of the United States, transmitting a report of wvestigation by the office of the Comptroller General o! the United States of the contracts and other records of the United States Mari­time Commission; to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries and ordered to be printed.

87. A letter from the ·Chairman of the National Labor Relations Board, transmitting the Seventh Annual Report of the National Labor Relations Board for the year · ended .June 30, 1942; to the Committee on Labor.

88. A letter from the major general, United States Army, Administrator of the Federal Works Agency, transmitting a report on work done by the · Public Roads Administration Ul;lder the provisions of the Federal Highway Act in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942, and recommendations concerning future work; to the Committee on Expenditures in the Exec­utive Departments.

89. A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a certified volume comprising the acts of the second and third special sessions of the Fifteenth Legislature of Puerto Rico, June 15 to 28, 1942, and October 26 to November 8, 1942, respectively; to the Committee on Insular Affairs.

90. A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Navy, transmitting a draft of a proposed bill authorizing appropriations for the United States Navy for additional ship-repair facili­ties, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Naval Affairs.

91. A letter from the Under Secretary of Agriculture, transmitting a report on forest roads and trails for the fiscal year 1942; to the Committee on Roads.

CHANGE OF REFERENCE

Under clause 2 of rule XXII, the Com­mittee on World War Veterans' Legisla­tion was discharged from the considera­tion of the bill <H. R. 1143) for the re­lief of Jennie M. Eiben, and the same was referred to the Committee on Claims.

PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and severally· referred as follows:

By Mr. CARLSON of Kansas: H. R. 1445. A bill to provide for issuance .of

a duplicate adjusted-service certificate to any veteran who establishes that the original has been lost or destroyed, or iS being withheld or concealed from him, and for other pur­poses; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. DREWRY: H. R. 1446. A bill authorizing appropria­

tions for the United States Navy for addi­tional ship repair facilities, and · for other purposes; to the Committee on Naval Affairs.

By Mr. GWYNNE: H. R. 1447. A bill to incorporate the United

Service Women of America; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. PETERSON of Florida: H. R. 1448. A bill to provide for adjudica­

tion o,f any claim for compensation, pension, or retirement pay upon evidence in file at time of death of the veterant to the Com­mittee on World War Veterans' Legislation.

By Mr. RANKIN: H. R. 1449. A bill to amend the Social Se­

curity Act with respect to old-age assistance, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

. ByMr.ROWE: H. R.1450. A bill to incorporate the Army

Air Corps Mothers' Organization of America, Second World War; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. WALTER: H. R. 1451. A bill to establish uniform pro•

cedure relative to the proof of age, place of birth, or of death; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. ANDERSON of New Mexico: H. R.1452. A bill to expedite the prosecu­

tion of the war and insure the continuance of ·private motor transportation by making provision for an increased supply of rubber

328 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 25 manufactured from agricultural or forest products; to the Committee on Agriculture.

By Mr. CASE: H. R. 1453. A bill to provide that veterans

of the present war suffering with tuberculous or neuropsychiatric ailments shall receive the same domiciliary or hospital care as veterans of the World War; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation.

By Mr. DOUGHTON: H. R.1454 (by request). A bill to amend the

Bituminous Coal Act of 1937, as amended, a11d for other purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. FULMER: H. R. 1455. A bill to amend the Agricul­

tural Adjustment Act of 1938 so as to provide for an adequate supply of peanuts needed for oil and other uses during the years 1943 and 1944, and for other purposes; to the Com­mJttee on Agriculture.

By Mr. RANDOLPH: H: R. 1456. A bill to amend section 9 of

the act of ·May 22, 1928. authorizing and di­recting a national survey of forest re­sources; to the Committee on Agriculture.

H. R. 1457. A bill to amend an act entitled "An act to regulate the practice of the heal­ing art to protect the public health in the District of Columbia," approved February 27, 1929; to the Committee on the District of Columbia.

By Mr. CANNON of Florida: H. R. 1458. A bill to authorize and direct

the Veterans' Administration to provide vo­cational rehabilitation and assistance in se­curing suitable employment, for service-con­nected disabled veterans in need thereof, and feasible therefor, and for other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Leg­islation.

By Mr. CANNON of Missouri: H. Res. 69. Resolution authorizing the

Committee on Appropriations to conduct studies and examinations of executive agen­cies to assist it in the determinations of matters within its jurisdiction; to the Com­mittee on Rules.

By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: H. Res. 70. Resolution establishing a Select

Committee To Investigate Acts of Executive Agencies beyond the scope of their authority; to the Committee on Rules.

By Mr. DIMOND: H. Res. 71. Resolution to authorize com­

pensation for services of Hallie Reeves; to the Committee on Accounts.

PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows:

By Mr. CALVIN D. JOHNSON: H. R. 1459. A bill for the relief of Alvertine

Nast and Wayne Nast, a minor son; to the Committee on Claims.

By Mr. LEA: H. R. 1460. A bill to reinstate E. Lewis Field,

a captain, United States Army, retired, to the active list of the Regular Army; to the Com­mittee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. MAGNUSON: H. R.1461. A bill for the relief of Rudolf

Kligler (Robert E. Arden); to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.

. By Mr. MONKIEWICZ: H. R.1462. A bill for the relief of William

H. Shultz; to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. RABAUT:

H. R. 1463. A bill for the relief of Florence B. Hutchinson; to the Committee on Claims.

By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: H. R. 1464. A bill for the relief of J. H. At­

kins; to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. TAYLOR:

H. R. 1465. A bill granting a pension to Margaret M. Crane; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

H R. 1466. A bill granting a pension to J ames C. Riley; to tl1e Committee on I;.walid Pensions.

By Mr. WALTER: H R.1467. A bill to record the lawful ad­

mission to the United States for permanent residence of Rev. Julius Paal; to the Com- . mittee on Immigration and Naturalization.

H. R. 1468. A bill for the relief of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Azer; to the Committee on Claims.

By Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin: H. R. 1469. A bill for the relief of Robert

Beckwith, Julius Buettner, and Emma M. Buettner; to the Committee on Claims.

PETITIONS, ETC.

Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows:

43. By Mr. ELLIS: Resolutions adopted by the Parkersburg Chamber of Commerce, rela­tive to gasoline rationing and pay-as-you-go plan of Federal inc-Jme tax; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

44. By Mr. FORAND: Resolution of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, requesting the President of the United States, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Senators anc'. Representa­tives from Rhode Island in the Congress of the United States to take all necessary steps to provide for proper substantial recognition of the status of American merchant marine service, passed by the general assembly on the 13th day of January A. D. 1943; to the Com­mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

45. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the Cali­fornia Wool Growers Association, San Fran­cisco, on the control of livestock diseases; to the Committee on Agriculture.

46. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the office of city clerk, city of St. Paul, Minn., petition­ing consideration of their resolution with reference to National Youth Administration; to the Committee on Appropriations.

ing of the evening let Thy peace be upon our hearts. Amen.

THE JOURNAL

On request of Mr. THOMAS of Utah, and by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, January 21, 1943, was dispensed with, and the Journal was approved.

CALL OF THE ROLL

Mr. THOMAS of Utah. I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll.

The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Senators answer.ed to their names: Aiken Andrews Austin Bankhead Barbour Barkley Bilbo Bone Brewster Bridges Brooks Buck Burton Bushfield Butler Byrd Capper Caraway Chandler Chavez Clark, Idaho Clark, Mo. Connally Danaher Davis Ellender Ferguson George Gerry

Gillette Green Guffey Gurney Hatch Hawkes Hayden Hill Holman Johnson, Colo. La Follette . Langer Lodge Lucas McCarran McClellan McFarland McKellar McNary Maloney May bank Mead Millikin Moore Murdock Nye O'Daniel O'Mahoney Overton

Pepper Radcliffe Revercomb Reynolds Robertson Russell Scrugham Shipstead Stewart Taft Thomas, Idaho Thomas, Okla. Thomas, Utah Truman Tunnell TYdings Vandenberg Van Nuys Wagner Wallgren Walsh Wheeler Wherry White Wiley Willis Wilson

SENATE

Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sena­tor from Virginia [Mr. GLASS] and the

-~ Senator from South Carolina [Mr. ~: SMITH] are absent because of illness.

:MoNDAY, JANUARY 25, 1943

The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D. D., offered the following prayer:

0 God of all life and light, by whose love we have the gift of today's fresh be­ginning, we thank Thee for this reveren­tial moment of quiet as we bow in Thy presence before the pressure of demand­ing hours lays its hand upon us. Lord of the new day, who spreadest the man­tle of light about us when purple morn­ing breaketh, fairer than morning, love­lier than daylight, dawns the sweet con­sciousness we are with Thee: If we take the wings of the morning and fly to the uttermost parts of the sea, even there shall Thy hand lead us and Thy right hand hold us.

Even as the dawn has climbed to the zenith with glamor and golden dart and has grown into the fullness of noontide, so let Thy radiance banish all shadows of unbelief, of fear, and of guilt. May the day star from on high rise in our hearts with healing in His wings. So may we walk the steep and sharp road of duty and service as children of the light. In bitter and baffling days, when the earth is full of thunder and the se!ts are dark with wrath, give us a courage that never quails, give us a faith that never wavers, give us a hope that never dims. Thus, in the glory of the morning grant us Thy blessing, and in the gloam-

The Senator from North Carolina [Mr. BAILEY], the Senator from California [Mr. DoWNEY], the Senator from Mis­sissippi [Mr. EASTLAND], the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE], and the Senator from Montana [Mr. MuR­RAY] are necessarily absent.

Mr. McNARY. The Senator from Minnesota [Mr. BALL] is absent because of illness.

The Senator from .Kansas [Mr. REED] is necessarily absent on official business.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-five Senators have answered to their names. A quorum is present.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC.

The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following letters, which were referred as indicated:

REPORT 0:5' THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

A letter from the Attorney General, trans­mitting, pursuant to law, his annual report of the operations of the Department of Justice for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942 (with an accompanying report): to the Committee on the Judiciary.

SUITS ARISING UNDER PUBLIC VESSELS ACT

A letter from the Attorney General, sub­mitting, pursuant' to law, a list of suits aris­ing under the Public Vessels Act of March 3, 1925, in which final decrees were entered. exclusive of cases on appeal; to the Com­mittee on the Judiciary.

SUITS IN ADMIRALTY AGAINST THE UNITED STATES

A letter from the Attorney General, sub­mitting, pursuant to law, a list of suits aris-