Hotspot Networks on a Train - MikroTik
Transcript of Hotspot Networks on a Train - MikroTik
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 1
Hotspot Networks on a Train
June 1st, 2007 (Good Morning!)
Brian Vargyas, Director of Network Engineering
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 2
Overview
Who is Boingo?
Why The Interest In Trains
Design Phase
Construction Phase
Testing Phase
Conclusion
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 3
Who is Boingo?
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 4
We are….
Wireless neutral-host provider since 1997 with 103
employees and offices in Chicago, Dallas, New York and
Los Angeles.
Industry leader in turnkey cellular/Wi-Fi with 30% market
share of total 1.17M enplanements daily across 12
airports.
Roaming relationships with top WISPs covering over 70
airports in North America and over 60,000 hotspots
worldwide.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 5
We’re net neutral
Allows for seamless integration of
WISPs
Shows dedication to serve
passengers, airport authoritys,
airlines and now railroads!
Maximizes network use and income
potential
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 6
Why the interest in trains?
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 7
Great Target Market
Commuter trains have a great captive audience.
Provides an extension of the workplace – allows
you to complete work you didn’t get done in the
office.
Some have connectors into airports
Commute times are usually between 30 minutes
to 1 ½ hours -- long enough to break out that
laptop or handheld WiFi PDA.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 8
Ideal Ridership - NICTD
NICTD – Northern Indiana Commuter
Transportation District
Train line connects from South Bend, Indiana to
Chicago downtown. Picks up Notre Dame
university students.
14,300 passengers ride each day
Over 4 million unique passengers each year
Average rider age 42, has a college degree and
makes $50k/year
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 9
NICTD Ideal because…
They own most all of their own track network
from South Chicago to South Bend.
Have installed their own fiber optic backbone
along the tracks for a new signaling system with
spare fiber available for other uses such as WiFi
Have power available trackside for wireless
equipment (It’s an electric train line)
Poles are spaced evenly for overhead wires
which work well for mounting wireless
equipment
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 10
The Track Network - Side Revenue
Provides WiFi service on train platforms while
waiting for the train
Provides limited WiFi coverage near the track
line for business and residential access
High bandwidth video on train cars for real time
monitoring and homeland security applications
Railroad gate crossing remote video monitoring
and enforcement
Daily rail inspections and first responder rail
disaster site evaluation information
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 11
Design Phase
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 12
For this trial….
We needed to design for the fastest train
speeds which were around 75mph
Wanted to incorporate two stations to provide
waiting passenger WiFi access
Wanted to understand AP placement and how
often we needed to regenerate signal from the
fiber vs. using mesh to carry the signal.
Chose 7 miles of test track between Ogden
Dunes and Dune Park
Total train line is approx 75 miles
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 13
Determining track spacing of AP’s
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 14
Drive until we loose it!
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 15
Pole Placement
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 16
Route of test track
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 17
For the track network….
Factoring in fade margin, the spacing between
poles at 5Ghz was about 4 tenths of a mile with
modifications for turns, grade changes and
bridges.
We needed 18 AP’s for our 7 miles of track or
approximately 180 AP’s for the entire route.
Every 3 AP’s we would regenerate the signal off
of the backbone fiber
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 18
For the train car…..
Stainless steel exterior
and lots of metal to
overcome
Height of the car around
17 feet, just below
trackside network
antenna height of 19
feet
Will need a AP inside
the car for local clients
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 19
Construction Phase
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 20
Special hardware was developed
Mikrotik outdoor enclosures modified with 5Ghz
panel antennas on both sides so signal would
run down the track in both directions
DSS Satellite mount was used off the pole so it
could swing away if overhead wire work was
necessary
Special bracket for DSS mount to allow for
curved wooden telephone pole mounting made
Stainless steel enclosures & grounding required
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 21
Fiber Backbone Node
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 22
Antenna Arm
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Mikrotik Configuration Used
Routerboard 532a with two ubiquiti SR5 cards,
each one feeding a separate panel, estimated
output power at 35db, using fixed frequency
PoE injection via shielded Cat5e cables
Turned off CPU resource saving to keep from
equipment freezing due to lake effect snow and
blowing cold wind (0 Degree F in area at times)
Running 2.9.40 and WDS bridging using RSTP
Dude Server monitoring the network
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 24
Layer 2 Rapid Spanning Tree
The RSTP was chosen because it allowed for
fast convergence of the train car onto the
backbone network and kept us loop free
Used 8 port 2940 Cisco switches at fiber
locations running RSTP
Head end routerboard was the master and had
highest priority
Had to adjust RSTP weights because Cisco
used different values then Mikrotik
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 25
Trackside Network Topology
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 26
Remote Power
We hung 2kw (smallest available) transformers
on polls connected to 2400VAC overhead lines
Disconnect switches were installed for 120VAC
and 2400VAC per national electric code
Looked into solar power for wireless mesh
nodes (4-10W) – however trees on south side of
tracks were blocking sunlight in many areas.
Ultimately solar power is cheaper then
transformers due to labor costs to hang them
and service them.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 27
Train Car Hotspot
Routerboard 532 feeding an indoor 2.4Ghz
antenna.
On-train voltage varied, but was mostly 72Vdc
and was always on (due to batteries)
We used a rail certified DC-DC power supply
from ABSOPULSE to convert down to 12Vdc
Indoor Routerboard feeds outdoor one
connected to 5Ghz omni antenna. It was done
this way to minimize 5Ghz loss.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 28
Train Car Hotspot Topology
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 29
Train Car Hotspot on plywood
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 30
On the roof of car #15
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 31
A better antenna would have been…
Huber + Suhner Sencity
rail antenna at 5Ghz with
two 13dbi directional
patch antennas built in.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 32
Testing Phase
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 33
Developing the plan
Needed to understand latency
Packet Loss Measurement
How quick handoff’s occurred between AP’s
Did web surfing feel “normal”
Hotspot Authentication on or off train?
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 34
The Drive Test
Drove alongside the tracks with an omni
antenna on top of a truck
Watched registration table for handoffs
Had to use connect-list to set the minimum
connect level on client (-85db)
When using RB112, it was not fast enough to
handle the WDS RSTP handoffs --- ended up
using a RB532
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 35
Drive Test Results
Lost connections when we were NLOS because
roadway veered away from tracks at times
During LOS, we maintained connectivity to at
least 2-3 AP’s at a time, with seamless handoffs.
Ping times varied from 3-4ms up to 800ms
depending how hard the handoff was.
Speeds were 700kbps under worst conditions
up to 6-8Mbps when near a fiber node
Drove anywhere from 20mph to 80mph. As
speed increased, data decreased.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 36
Train test
Had to ride the train from Michigan City to
Chicago --- Only had 10 minutes for testing for a
1 Hour ride!
Signal coverage was excellent throughout the
car and even penetrated the neighboring car
Hotspot pages local, so quick response when
logging in
Was able to get connected to more AP’s then
drive test due to LOS along the track.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 37
Train test cont….
Neighboring freight train on siding caused
signal drops due to reflections of steel cars and
AP being between tracks rather then above it
Saw similar ping times and speeds as with drive
test
As speed increased the registration time to
acquire trackside AP’s increased.
Overall, web surfing felt like you were
connected to a WAN vs LAN, but worked fine.
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 38
What might have helped results
Diversity antenna’s
Using directional antenna’s instead of omni
Using RouterOS 3 WDS mesh mode instead of
RouterOS 2.9 WDS non-mesh aware mode
Locking the radio speeds at 24Mbps or even
6Mbps
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 39
Conclusion
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 40
Definitely worth investigating….
The trial proved it’s possible to provide WiFi
service on the train
Need to improve on the efficiency in which each
trackside node is installed
Need to reduce the number of fiber nodes to
reduce costs in doing fiber taps and trenching
Increasing the height of nodes to further
improve signal quality and reduce reflections
© 2007 Boingo Wireless, Inc. – Confidential – Page 41