Hotel’s: History and present pawns

who watches the cities from ancient times

University of OradeaStudent: Turcas Catalina Tatiana

1.Introduction

2.Main questions

3.History and present

4.Types

5.Comparison between two hotels

6.Conclusions

Table of contents

1.Introduction

A hotel is an establishment that ensure paid lodging for a long/short-term.

In the past, a basic accommodation consisted of a room with a bed, a small table, a cupboard and a washstand.

Now, those rooms have been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms, air conditioning or climate control and other features.

I have chosen this subject because as a student at the specialization Geography of Tourism, hotel’s are classified in first place on my list of jobs, or they are at least a subject that I would love to deal with.

2.Research questions

1. How did the hotels appeared?

2. Why some of the hotels have disappeared and others are still functional?

3. Which are the differences between those two hotels (studied in particular) considering that they were built in the same period but in different cultural environments?

4.How did these two hotels manage to maintain themselves over the time?

5. What is their current situation?

3. History and present

Since the beginning of time, people have traveled for commerce, religion, family, health, immigration, education and recreation.

In the past, hotels were just normal houses offered for guests to stay in. Some were in the form of inns.

Various hotels were situated near ports for sailors to spend their night during their short breaks in the country.

The first American inn existed way back in 1607.

The first advertised hotel was in 1792 and was called the 'City Hotel‘, and it was situated in New York.

The next popular hotel which was build afterwards was located in Boston and it was called 'Tremont Hotel’. This hotel was considered a modern hotel for those days.

Eventually, from then on, more were built and this gave birth to the hotel's industry which also led to the classification of the hotels with the star system.

www.historichotelsworldwine.com Hotel History in Hardanger, Norway

The star system was assessed by: the price, the hotel's standard of service, and the hotel's facilities offered.

Nr.

Crt.

Type of unit Categories(stars)

    5 4 3 2 1

1. HOTEL X X X X X

2. HOTEL-APARTMENT X X X X  

3. MOTEL     X X X

4. HOSTEL     X X X

5. TOURIST MANSION X X X X X

6. BUNGALOWS     X X X

7. TOURIST CABINS     X X X

8. TOURIST GUEST-HOUSE X X X X X

9. AGROTOURISTIC GUEST-HOUSE (margarete) X X X X X

10. HOLIDAY VILLAGES X X X X X

11. CAMPING, CAMPING HOUSE TYPE, TOURISTIC STOPS   X X X X

Numbered hotel rooms to allow guests to identify their room.

Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement.

A telephone, an alarm clock, a television, a safe, a mini-bar with snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee.

Luxury features include bathrobes and slippers, a pillow

menu, twin-sink vanities and jacuzzi bathtubs.

Larger hotels may provide a swimming pool, spa, fitness center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services.

Hotel owners started giving importance to the hotel's location and targeting good passing trade locations to build and operate their hotel to maximise their profits.

Some of the facilities that a hotel can offer these days are:

4.Types

Botels Boutique hotels Resort hotels Unique hotels Straw bale hotels Bunker hotels Cave hotels Cliff hotels Capsule hotels Ice, snow and igloo hotels Garden hotels Underwater hotels Railway hotels

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Other speciality hotels

• The Library Hotel in New York City, is unique in that each of its ten floors is assigned one category from the Dewey Decimal System.

• The Jail Hotel Löwengraben in Lucerne, Switzerland is a converted prison now used as a hotel.

• The Luxor, a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States is unusual due to its pyramidal structure.

• The Liberty Hotel in Boston, used to be the Charles Street Jail.

• Built in Scotland and completed in 1936, The former ocean liner RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California, uses its first-class staterooms as a hotel, after retiring in 1967 from Transatlantic service.

• Throughout the world there are several hotels built from converted airliners. For example: The Simpsons Airliner Hotel (Western Pacific Company)

5.Comparison between two hotels

Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel

Black Eagle Palace

Ottawa, Canada

Oradea, Romania

Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel

Located in the heart of the city

Close to:

-restaurants and shops of the Byward Market

-pedestrian Sparks Street

-Parliament Hill -the Rideau Canal

-the National Gallery of Canada

-the National War Memorial

-the U.S. Embassy - the Rideau Centre

a. Location

Black Eagle Palace

Located in the heart of the city

Close to:-City Hall

-Moon Church-State Theatre

-Ady Endre Museum-Cris Museum

-Fortress of Oradea-Crisul Repede River

-Sinagogue-Banks

-Republici Street-Restaurants and clubs

b. History

Black Eagle Palace

-The Hotel was constructed between 1907-1909-On the site of the current building was a local inn called “The Eagle” since 1714 -In 1903 the City Hall decided to launch a competition for rebuilding The Eagle-First Prize was awarded to the project named "Champagne" of Komor and Jakab.-Black Eagle was a multifunctional complex and was the largest hotel in Oradea in the interwar period

Fairmont Chateau LaurierHotel

-Charles Melville Hays, General Manager of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway of Canada, wanted to extend the Grand Trunk Railway to the West Coast and build several railway stations and deluxe hotels in all the major cities along the way. -The hotel was constructed between 1909 and 1912 in tandem with Ottawa's downtown Union Station (now the Government Conference Centre)

Photos by Valentine & Sons' Publishing Co. Ltd., Montreal and Toronto

Photos by Valentine & Sons' Publishing Co. Ltd., Montreal and Toronto

www.oradeainimagini.ro

www.oradeainimagini.ro

- The City Hall found that Black Eagle does not pay off to be build because construction costs are too high and decided to sell the land and existing buildings.

- -Those who bought The Black Eagle was Dr. Kurlander Ede and Dr. Adorján Emil

- -They lodged at the Engineers Office of the City Hall the project for Black Eagle and the application for the construction of the building was approved in 8th of August, 1906

- The hotel was set to open in April 26, 1912 but Hays had to travel to England to secure funding. With money in hand, he was returning home on Titanic with his wife, his daughter, his daughter’s maid and private secretary as well as his son-in-law.

- The RMS Titanic struck the infamous iceberg and went down taking with it Mr. Hays, his son and his private secretary.- The grand opening was

delayed until June 1, 1912

Problems at the beginning:

Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel The Black Eagle Palace

c. Description

Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel

• After dismissing the originally commissioned American firm of Bradford Lee Gilbert, Hays hired Ross and Macfarlane of Montreal to take over the design of the Château.

• That design combined the French Renaissance style with the neo-Gothic vertical lines of the Parliament Buildings.

• It features the turrets and other architectural elements of a French château, a rich, Victorian interior.

The Black Eagle Palace

• Following the principles of 1900 Art in general and of the Austrian Secession in particular, the Secession style in Oradea closely re-evaluates an artistic formula completely different from the artistic tendencies.

• The new created style had two great periods, the curved and floral line and the geometric purged form.

• The Black Eagle Palace is a grandiose monument due to its verticality

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The Black Eagle Palace

-Has rich decoration, with floral decorations, curved, eagles and human figures.-The most richly decorated interiors are the public rooms: hotel, restaurant, the assembly halls for shows and meetings (Vigadó). -The café currently is not keeping the original appearance. The ornaments are placed on all the interior elements (ceilings, arches, windows, doors, paneling, railings, walls, columns, stained glass or sandblasted). -The floral decorations used are taken from the popular art, but also zoomorphic – the eagles.

The Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel

-Has elements which typify the Château-style railway hotels, including its massive scale, irregular silhouette, steeply-pitched copper roofs, ornate gables and dormers, towers and turrets, high-quality materials, and dramatic setting. - The smooth finish and pale tone of the exterior Indiana limestone walls, contrasting sharply with the ornate detailing above the eave-line;- The hotel has a symmetrical front façade, defined by two octagonal pavilions, vertically accented by a strip of oriel windows;

d. Services

Black Eagle Hotel • Bar• Restaurant• Buffet breakfast• Conference room• 24-hour front desk• Multilingual staff• Safe deposit box• Terrace• Elevator• Heating• Air conditioning• Luggage storage• Parking - free and private• Room service- 24h• Laundry and dry cleaning• Massage• Shops in the hotel• Currency exchange• City tour• Check-in: after 3 PM. • Check-out: before noon

Chateau Laurier Hotel Babysitting Restaurant Bell Services Conference Room Check-In / Check-Out Express Check-Out Concierge Elevators Gift Shops Housekeeping Laundry Services Parking Pet Policy Safe Deposit Boxes Wheelchair Accessibility Wireless High Speed Internet Access Virtual office and ID plans Equipment rentals Health Club & Pool Wellness Services Wedding Venues

e. Tariffs

The Black Eagle Palace

Tariffs

SINGLE ROOM - $94DOUBLE ROOM- $117APARTMENT- $167

The above rates include buffet breakfast

The Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel

Tariffs

Between $199 - $599

2.Research questions

1. How did the hotels appeared?

2. Why some of the hotels have disappeared and others are still functional?

3. Which are the differences between those two hotels (studied in particular) considering that they were build in the same period but in different cultural environments?

4.How did these two hotels manage to maintain themselves over the time?

5. What is their current situation?

6. Conclusions

1.The hotels have emerged from people's need to travel.

2. Some of the hotels disappeared often because of location or because of not providing services and overlooked aspect.

4. The main factor that has kept the two hotels over time is location, both being located in the city center close to all necessary.

5. The Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel is a landmark hotel with

429 guest rooms designed in the French Gothic style to complement the adjacent Parliament buildings. The Hotel is reflecting the confidence, dignity and style and it stands as a testament to this dynamic city.

The Black Eagle Palace has 47 rooms all renovated in 2005 and they offer a great panorama of the city and the river. They are carefully furnished in a marvelous Art Nouveau style. Currently, the building is a hotel, a bank, and several clubs, cafes, restaurants and is also an important meeting place for social Oradea’s scene.

THANK YOU!