Hot Dip Galvanizing Magazine 4/2010

2010

4/4 Hot Dip GalvanizingInternational Magazine | ISSN 1363-0148 | www.galvanizing.org.uk

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Editorial

2 | Hot Dip Galvanizing

This edition has an interesting mix of the

conventional and the unconventional.

It kicks off with an eyebrow-raising building in

central London which links two different archi-

tectural styles. It does so by being bold and

creative, assisted, of course, by the use of

galvanized steel. Then we move to another part

of London for the development of four commer-

cial buildings to form a square. Each building is

different, but they all use galvanized steel.

Next we look at the advantages of using

galvanizing to protect firstly multi-storey car

parks and then rebar in motorway bridges in

Germany. This is followed by an apple shaped

bicycle park in The Netherlands.

(This begs the question, where else in the

world, other than The Netherlands would you

find an apple shaped bike shed?? Pace –

Dutch colleagues!).

Finally, our Galvanizing Delight is a Roller

Coaster that isn’t a Roller Coaster, although its

title ‘Tiger and Turtle – Magic Mountain’ is not

much help in making it clear exactly what it is.

Either way, it looks fantastic at night as LED

lights race around it.

David Baron, Editor

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Contents

2 Editorial

3 10 Hills Place, London Dead End Brought to Life

6 New Street Square, London Creation of Dramatic

Roofscapes

8 Multi-storey Car Park - Case Study Superior Corrosion Protection

10 "Apple" Bicycle Garage, The Netherlands Sustainable to the Core?

12 Galvanized Steel Facade Durable, Robust and Adaptable

14 Motorway Bridge Renovation, Germany Galvanized Rebar to the Rescue

16 Galvanizing in Detail

Front cover: New Street Square, London

Photo: Tim Crocker

Photo above right: Institut Feuerverzinken GmbH

Hot Dip Galvanizing | 3

Amanda Levete's response when asked by

her client to adapt and extend an existing

commercial building; a curious hybrid of an

ornate and well-mannered corner piece front-

ing Oxford Street and a less distinguished

three-storey 1970s addition to the rear. The

existing building was profoundly uninteresting,

says Levete. "It was hard to see at the outset

how we could do anything because it was

such a dog of a building - an unglamorous site

that involved linking two buildings of differing

periods and scales." The office space needed

an uplift while the retail unit needed a dash of

excitement. The proposal from Levete was to

add three new storeys to the existing building

and try to create a whole new presence to the

new building by adding a new skin. The first

bit of the conundrum was easy. A lightweight

steel frame was added to the existing structure

to create the additional storeys. The second

problem was harder to solve. How do you bring

together two differing facades and make your

own stamp on the project at the same time.

The issue of bringing more light into the inner

parts of the building was seen as an important

aspect of the new design. The narrow street

plan ensured a dreary interior to the existing

buildings. Inspiration was sought from the

Argentinean artist Lucio Fontana. "Treating the

skin as a canvas, "says Levete, "we looked at

how Fontana would slash it to create a distort-

ed, deformed surface from something that was

initially flat." Obtaining planning permission

to step outside the original envelope of the

building was seen as a vital factor in the final

design concept. A skin that creates four billow-

ing, distorted surfaces forms the main feature

of a new skin that encapsulates the new

facade. It makes no pretence to fit quietly into

it's immediate surroundings. The large glazed

upturned eyelids orientated towards the sky

not only add a sculptural form to the design

Amanda Levete Architects were set the unenviable task of bringing back to life an

uninviting dead end - 10 Hills Place, placed within the many narrow streets and

alleyways off London's Oxford Street. The practice took upon itself the challenge of

making a statement of intent by not falling into the traditional design vernacular of

the surrounding buildings.

Architecture

10 Hills Place, LondonDead End Brought to Life

By Iqbal Johal

2010

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Architecture

but also maximise the natural light available in

the narrow street.

Concerns over vandalism led to the illuminated

glass wall to be added as the new entrance

for the building. The bespoke laminated glass

includes an opaque interlayer over a dichro-

matic flim. This is lit from behind using fibre

optics to generate a coloured moire pattern

providing dynamic visual interest and depth to

what would otherwise be a blank wall. Having

designed the concept there still remained

some challenges "Rather than aiming for a

sleek skin, we realised there are different ways

to create sleekness, and, actually, by having

something ore fractured, you end up with a

richer result," says Levete. Having created the

Stirling Prize-winning Lord's Media Centre with

Future Systems, Amanda Levete was able to

borrow technics again from the boat-building

industry. The sculptural form for the new faç-

ade is achieved using a system of aluminium

profiles. The facade is fabricated using curved

140mm wide aluminium profiles that are con-

nected together on-site using a tongue and

grove system. A metallic finish was added to

give a more factured finish to the surface.

Self-cleaning glass was used in conjunction

with an ingenious detail of hidden gutters

within the eyelids. The whole balancing act

was achieved by the entire facade being can-

tilevered up to 900mm off the primary struc-

ture via huge galvanized steel fins that played

a major role not just as a support structure but

also in aiding the formation of the gentle curve

of the eye windows. The galvanized fins also

support the high-performance, low-ion, double-

glazed self-cleaning units, the largest of which

measures 2.8 x 2.8m. Their size and weight

meant an internal supporting structure was

also required.

Photos:

(1,2,3,4,6,7,8) Edmund Sumner

(5) Amanda Levete Architects

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Die Tragkonstruktion des Gebäudes besteht

aus regen schirm artigen Stützen mit Kragträ-

gern in den Abmes sungen 12 x 12 m bei 2

bzw. 3 m Abstand. Die Stahlkonstruktion mit

einem hohen Anteil an Hohlprofilen wurde

sichtbar belassen. Bei den querverstrebten

Haupt armen der „Regen schirme“ handelt es

sich um vorgefertigte Elemente, welche die

Aufnahme der Dachlasten bei minimiertem

Werkstoff einsatz er mög lichen. Die diagonale

Anordnung der Haupt rahmen und die formbe-

dingte Gewölbewirkung führt zu einer beson-

ders steifen Konstruk tion, die Kreuzverbände

im in den Wänden überflüssig macht.

Der ursprüngliche Konstruk tions entwurf wurde

mit Hilfe eines 3D-Softwarepakets verfeinert

und optimiert, um dann die wirtschaftlichste

der alternativen Lösungsansätze zu realisieren.

Den Verbindungen wurde dabei besondere Auf-

merksamkeit ge widmet, da die Konstruktion

in der Werkstatt vorgefertigt und anschließend

nach dem Feuerverzinken vor Ort vollständig

verschraubt wurde. Baustellenschweißungen

waren nicht er forderlich; – ein wesentlicher

Bei trag für den ästhetischen Eindruck, für die

Wirksamkeit des durchgängigen Korrosions-

schutzes und nicht zuletzt auch für die Kosten-

kontrolle.

Der Pavillon steht auf der Küsten-

mauer und ist deshalb hohen Windlasten

ausgesetzt. Die Bemessung erfolgte deshalb

in Anlehnung an den australischen Wind-Code.

Als Ergebnis wurden die durch Horizontalträ-

ger versteiften Fensterrahmen in die Trag-

konstruktion integriert; die Horizontalträger

bilden dabei die Dachkante des Pavillons.




























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Der Pavillon steht auf der Küstenmauer und

ist deshalb hohen Windlasten ausgesetzt. Die

Bemessung erfolgte deshalb in Anlehnung an

den australischen Wind-Code. Als Ergebnis

wurden die durch Horizontalträger versteiften

Fensterrahmen in die Trag konstruktion inte-

griert; die Horizontalträger bilden dabei die

Dachkante des Pavillons.

Ein restauriertes und nunmehr wieder funktionsfähiges Dampf karussell aus dem 19.

Jahr hundert wurde vor kurzem im Hafen der australischen Stadt Geelong der Öffent-

lichkeit vorgestellt. Dieses Karussell mitsamt zu gehöriger Dampf maschine, Orgel und

Musik ka pel le wurde durch einen unverwechselbaren Stahl- und Glas-Pavillon vor den

Witterungs einflüssen des aggressiven Küs tenklimas geschützt.

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Sport- und Freizeitbad „ISHARA“ Attraktive Bäderlandschaft am Bielefelder Hauptbahnhof

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1 Fußgängerbrücke | Ernst Steiner 2 Fußgängerbrücke | Ernst Steiner


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A tightly planned series of pedestrian routes

integrates the new development with the lanes

and courts that characterize the adjacent Fleet

Street conservation area. Converge on the new

square, with cafés and shops animating the

street scene. A programme of public art and

planned performance encompasses all the

main spaces.

By City standards, the New Street Square

development is unusually versatile and site

specific but it also brings together several

existing strands of thinking that have evolved

over a number of previous projects by Bennetts

Associates, notably sustainability and the

efficient workplace.

The four large commercial buildings in the

development range from seven floors in the

south east part of the site to an 18 storey

wedge shape on the north west corner. All the

buildings have highly sensitive roof profiles,

being viewed either from low level against the

skyline or looked down upon from other buil-

dings. They also form a prominent grouping

when viewed westwards from the dome of St

Paul’s Cathedral.

For this reason Bennetts decided to pay a

great deal of attention to what is normally a

forgotten element of design for this type of

project, the roofscape of the buildings. A great

deal a attention has been givem to the space

of the roofplan. A series of translucent enclo-

sures consisting of vertical and horizontal

galvanized screens, accommodate elements

of roof plant and provide a striking roofscape to

the buildings. These enclosures allow a degree

of transparency and free airflow and create

a series of dramatic crowns to the buildings

when lit at night.

Quite apart from urban design considerations,

the varying height of the buildings ensures the

maximum level of sunlight penetration into the

square, with the tallest to the north and the

lowest to the south. Scale and materiality are

also used to establish appropriate relationships

between the scheme and its surroundings, with

the being the most assertive, its sharply poin-

ted corner signalling the development from Hol-

born Circus. A slim horizontal screen covering

the roof plant is extended to the building edge

to provide a thin line to the building against the

sky whilst translucent glazed cladding to the

building’s central core and South stair which,

together with the dramatic crown on the roof,

provides an opportunity for back lighting to

create a visual landmark at night.

Together almost certainly provide the largest

visible expanse of galvanized steel over

a single complex of buildings in London.

Photos: Tim Crocker

New Street Square creates a new destination between High Holborn and Fleet

Street serving the ‘mid-town’area of the City, with a substantial group of buildings

set around an inviting public square.

Architecture

New Street Square, LondonCreation of Dramatic Roofscapes

By Iqbal Johal

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Multi-storey car parks made from steel are easy

to modify if their conditions of use alter. They

can be enlarged, reduced in size, completely

removed or even, as shown by mobile car

parks, re-located and used elsewhere. In multi-

storey car parks made from steel, the individual

parking decks are constructed to be entirely

column-free. Car park regulations in the provin-

ces of Germany impose no requirement on fire

resistance if the parking spaces in open multi-

storey car parks are less than 22 m high. There

are many good reasons why steel is an ideal

material for the construction of multi-storey car

parks: light, slender construction, quick erect-

ion and possibility of reuse. True, unnecessary

errors still continue to be made in the planning

of car parks designed from steel (though fewer

than before) in the area of decisions regarding

corrosion prevention. These can have serious

consequences.

High levels of corrosive pollutionFrom the point of view of corrosion technology,

multi-storey car parks display special features

in comparison with other steel structures. Their

steel construction is actually exposed to severe

additional environmental conditions, which can

be handled by efficient corrosion protection.

Of all the typical corrosion problems arising in

multi-storey car parks, the most prevalent is

that they are regularly exposed to high levels

of moisture, as vehicles which are taken into

the car park bring with them salt-laden water,

snow and soils. Rain and snow become mixed

in with impurities adhering to the vehicles such

as oil residues, and in winter, de-icing salts.

Among the locations most susceptible to corro-

sion damage are the connection and transition

areas between the steel structure and the con-

crete floors. The aggressive character of this

mixture is demonstrated by images of damage

to multi-storey car parks where the corrosion

Engineering

Multi-storey Car Park - Case Study Superior Corrosion Protection

By Holger Glinde

Steel has made the breakthrough as a material for construction of multi-storey car

parks, and is now a competitor to concrete - not least because it offers maximum

flexibility, workability and is clearly more sustainable.

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Hot Dip Galvanizing | 9

prevention systems applied have not been very

effective. After only a few years, they display

considerable corrosion damage which is diffi-

cult to correct, and which can not be put right

without costly expenditure. This process then

has to be repeated every few years and can

result in more money spent of maintenance

than the initial construction costs of the car

park.

Another typical point regarding multi-storey

car parks is that, as vehicles are being driven

in and out of parking spaces, carelessness

can lead to undesirable 'knocks' involving the

vehicles and the steel support columns. So the

corrosion prevention system also has to be able

to handle a high level of mechanical stress.

Corrosion can be a big problem for car park

operators not just on the economic outlay for

maintenance but also on the loss of revenue

imposed by repeated maintenance. Moreover,

corrosion damage looks bad and gives an

unpleasant impression. Also, water containing

rust dripping onto parked vehicles can cause

costly damage to paintwork. This applies partic-

ularly to multi-storey car parks in which vehicles

may be left for comparatively long periods of

time – for example at airports.

Hot dip galvanizing defines the standardCorrosion in multi-storey car parks made from

steel can certainly be prevented through the

use of appropriate protective systems. Galvan-

izing has shown to not only provide long term

durability but also to withstand the daily wear

and tear of a car park environment.

SummaryMulti-storey car parks made from steel are

distinguished by column-free, optimal use of

space, and are superior to the equivalent con-

crete structures. The use of hot dip galvanizing

means the corrosion issues which typically

occur in multi-storey car parks can be tackled

without any problems. Car parks using galvan-

izing remain free from corrosion, even after

many years of use.

Photos:

Institut Feuerverzinken GmbH, Düsseldorf

Engineering


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Bicycle garages are unfortunately not a familiar part of our urban landscape.

However, in the Netherlands great importance is attached to the provision of parking

for bicycles. So much so that quite extraordinary designs are being conceived not only

to make this provision into an interesting experience but also to make it intintegrate

into the transport landscape of the towns and cities of the Netherlands.

A special bicycle garage has been constructed

in the newly developed area around Alphen aan

den Rijn. The new structure takes the striking

shape of a gigantic apple complete with stalk

and leaf. It has imaginatively been given the

name of “Bicycle Apple”.

The Bicycle Apple sits next to the railway stat-

ion of Rijn-Couwelijn. The planned development

of the surrounding area will ensure the bicycle

garage is put to good use.

The unusual design concept for the garage

takes the shape of an apple with its core remo-

ved. A continuous spiral ramp runs around the

internal skin of the structure that provides the

parking spaces for bicycles, 1,000 in total.

An added feature of the design is a butterfly

patterned mesh that adds a decorative skin to

the apple.

The whole structure including the ramps, stair

and parking racks have been constructed from

galvanized steel to provide long term protec-

tion. The outer steel layer is powder coated

apple green to give the required aesthetics.

The design and build of this project did not

follow a normal workflow. A mock up of the

structure was designed for testing purposes

before the detailed design was produced. Close

collaboration between the architects (Archi-

tectenbureau Kuiper Compagnons International

B.V.), steel construction company (Jos van

den Bersselaar Constructie B.V) and the client

(gemeente Alphen ann de Rijn) resulted in the

successful completion of the project.

The apple shape of the construction is not com-

pletely bulb-shaped which has consequences

for the structural stability and the dimensional

characteristics. It was therefore decided to

carry out a full test assembly off-site for testing

of its structural integrity.

Maybe sometime in the future we will also have

an apple or orange bicycle car park of our own

to boast about.

Photos: G. Reimerink

Architecture

"Apple" Bicycle Garage, The Netherlands

Sustainable to the Core?By Gerard Reimerink

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Galvanized Steel FaçadeDurable, Robust and Adaptable

By Holger Glinde

The metallic surfaces, which create a lively

effect, also constitute a central selection crit-

erion in the façade sector. There are many pos-

sible uses for hot dip galvanized steel façades:

façades composed of grids, panels and

expanded metal, as well as lamellar façades

and individual plasma-cut façade network

structures.

Hot dip galvanized façade panelsKassel town house, Sternstraße (3)

The Kassel town house in Sternstraße was

designed by foundation 5+ architekten of Kas-

sel, and contains 5 apartments. Galvanized

steel panels were also used for the facade of

the building. The galvanized steel panel façade

takes the form of a rear-ventilated system with

mineral wool insulation. The 3 mm thick steel

sheet panels have a maximum size of 300 x

150 cm.

Grid façades For many decades, grids have been demonstra-

ting how much mechanical stress they can with

stand when used for walkways. It is only in the

last few years that they have begun to be used

as a façade element.

Rectifier station in Frankfurt/Main (2)

Industrial operational buildings are frequently

characterised by dilapidation and vandalism.

This leads to long-term renovation and clean-up

costs. The Mainz firm of Schoyerer Architects

have demonstrated, using the example of a

rectifier station in Frankfurt, that cladding buil-

dings of this type consisting of a series of gal-

vanized grids can not only conform to exacting

design requirements, but can also be made

resistant to vandalism and make any attempt

at graffiti pointless.

Galvanized lamellar façades Larger and larger window areas in residen-

tial and office buildings create bright rooms

flooded with sunlight, but they also bring the

problems associated with providing visual

protection, solar shading and protection from

glare. A good solution to these difficulties is

provided by flexible lamellar façade systems.

They can be controlled either manually or elec-

tronically, and can thus be adapted to fit daily

and seasonal weather patterns.

Studio façade, Lindberghstrasse (4)

The studio designed by Nickl und Partner Archi-

tects of Munich in the Lindberghstrasse has

a curtain-type lamellar structure which serves

to provide visual protection, solar shading and

protection from glare. The lamellae, made

from rough stamped hot dip galvan-ized steel

panels, give a regular form to the structure,

and create an envelope which varies depen-

ding upon the changing time of day and time

of year.

Expanded metal façadesExpanded metal façades mask a building in

the truest sense of the words, allowing shad-

owy glimpses behind the “façade“ and playing

with transparency.

The “Hofspange”, Bochum Centennial

Hall (5)

The so-called “Hofspange”, an ancillary buil-

ding on the Bochum Centennial Hall site, has

been provided with a galvanized expanded

metal façade by the Dusseldorf firm of archi-

tects Petzinka Pink Technologische Architektur.

The metallic impression created by the zinc

surface blends in splendidly with the historic

storehouse of the Centennial Hall and offers

protection from direct sunlight.

Hot dip galvanized steel is increasingly being used as an element in façade design.

In this context, it profits from its tried and trusted strengths: long life maintenance-free

corrosion protection and its robustness against mechanical damage.

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Computer-generated individual solutionsFor some time now it has been possible to

transfer designs directly from a computer

screen into modern steel processing machines,

with the help of 3D modelling software. The

machines then produce components based on

the computerised data. This type of procedure,

also known as “file to factory”, opens up new

options in façade construction.

Salvatorgarage in Munich (1)

The shape of the new façade of the Munich

multi-storey car park “Salvatorgarage” may look

like a random game of spillikins play-ed with

steel bars, but it was computer-gener-ated in

accordance with guidelines from the architect

Peter Haimerl of Munich. The façade is made

from hot dip galvanized steel panels. The 'faça-

de network' was cut to a pattern out of 3 mm

thick steel panels with a 2.50 x 8.50 m format,

using computer-controlled plasma cutting

equipment.

SummaryHot dip galvanized steel can be used in

many ways as a façade element. It has been

demonstrating its robustness and durability for

decades. Moreover, galvanizing is a splendid

choice from the point of view of sustainability

as well.

Photos:

(1) Peter Haimerl

(2) Schoyerer Architekten

(3) foundation 5+ architekten

(4) Nicki und Partner Architekten

(5) Petzinka Pink Technologische Architektur

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It was found that in many area's due to the

increase in the volume of corroded reinforcing

steel, the concrete was beginning to spall. This

kind of damage usually occurs because of che-

mical attack – e.g. through de-icing salts. Fac-

tors such as reduced concrete cover or poorly

compacted concrete reinforce this process.

In order to avoid any future damage patterns

stemming from reinforcing steel, the reinforce-

ment on the renovated bridges was hot dip gal-

vanized. The objective was to increase the life

to first maintenance of the bridge structures,

so that any premature disruption to road traffic

due to repairs could be avoided. In this way

construction costs can be reduced and inter-

vals between maintenance routines extended.

The corrosion of reinforcing steel is a

widespread problem, which is not confined to

bridge structures. Due to the high alkalinity of

concrete, reinforcing steel is normally passiva-

ted and so protected. Under certain conditions,

however, this protection can be lost – the rein-

forcing steel corrodes causing the initiation of

cracks in the concrete which can eventually

lead to spalling. This can eventually lead to

high renovation costs due to the difficulty of

access for maintenance of structures.

Renovating concrete corrosion areas is expen-

sive to do, and sometimes can not be done

satisfactorily, for technical reasons. Concrete

corrosion should therefore be avoided. Corro-

sion prevention for reinforcing steel is recom-

mended, not only for structures subjected to

severe stresses such as bridges – which are

regularly exposed to de-icing salts, but also for

thin-walled structures, which are at high risk of

having insufficient concrete cover.

Protection through hot dip galvanizingFor decades, hot dip galvanizing has been a

tried and trusted method of corrosion preven-

tion for steel, and also an efficient, long-term

alternative protection method for reinforcing

steel. In contrast to other processes, with hot

dip galvanizing, the zinc forms an insoluble

alloy bond with the reinforcing steel, and so

provides long-term protection.

Long-term research from the USA, where hot

dip galvanized reinforcing steel has been used

for decades, demonstrates that galvanizing

provides highly effective protection. For examp-

le, the Boca Chica Bridge in Florida, erected in

1972, galvanized reinforcement was measured

as having a zinc layer thickness of 163 µm in

1999.

Galvanized reinforcing steel is also a genuine

alternative due to its mechanical properties.

In 2009, comprehensive renovation work had to be carried out on a series of bridge

structures on the A99 federal motorway in Germany. It was apparent very quickly that

the area around the edge beam and parapets of the bridges were prone to the most

damage due to the corrosion of the reinforcing steel.

Technical

Motorway Bridge Renovation, GermanyGalvanized Rebar to the Rescue

By Holger Glinde

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It provides good adhesion and a good sheer

bond between concrete and reinforcing steel.

Hot dip galvanized reinforcing steels are also

more resistant to chloride than ungalvanized

materials. Galvanizing is particularly suitable

for structures in a maritime environment and in

locations where additional problems caused by

gritting and/or de-icing salts can be expected

to occur e.g., for reinforced concrete bridges,

multi-storey car parks and underground car

parks.

Cracks in concrete reduce its protective effect,

lead to rapid carbonation, or allow oxygen and

harmful substances such as chlorides to get

in. At cracks, hot dip galvanizing gives added

security. The typical increase in volume due to

corrosion and the consequent cracking of the

concrete is prevented.

SummaryHot dip galvanized reinforcing steel increases

the life of concrete structures, since reinforce-

ment corrosion is prevented or considerably

delayed. This markedly increases the service

life of structures and saves maintenance costs.

It is precisely on publicly funded structures

such as motorway bridges, where tax money

has to be handled responsibly, that galvanized

steel makes a contribution to relieving the pres-

sure on the public purse.

Photos:

R.K. by Betty/pixelio, Glinde

Technical

HOT DIP GALVANIZING

An international journal published jointly by the galvanizing associations of Germany,

The Netherlands and Great Britain. It is licensed to associations in Spain.

Edited by: G. Deimel, H. Glinde (Editor in Chief), I. Johal, D. Baron,

Drs. G. H. J. Reimerink

Published by: Galvanizers Association, Wren’s Court,

56 Victoria Road, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands B72 1SY, UK

Tel: +44 (0) 121 355 8838 Fax: +44 (0) 121 355 8727

E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.galvanizing.org.uk

This magazine may not be copied without the written permission of the editor © 2010.

Distributed in Australia by: Galvanizers Association of Australia, 124 Exhibition Street,

Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia, Tel: 0396541266, Fax: 0396541136,

E-mail: [email protected]

Bench

Galvanizing in Detail

Galvanizing Delight

With the huge sculpture “Tiger & Turtle – Magic

Mountain” by Heike Mutter and Ulrich Genth,

the city of Duisburg is creating a new landmark

for the Ruhr. The form of the sculpture, which

is accessible to pedestrians and is made from

hot dip galvanized steel, is reminiscent of a

roller-coaster. Its curves form the crowning glory

of the “Angerpark” landscape park. At night,

the sculpture is lit up as lights race along its

twists and turns, courtesy of the latest LED

technology. Seen from a distance, the zinc-grey,

shimmering shape seems to embody the idea

of extraordinary acceleration. But once the visit-

ors get closer, they can explore the sculpture

on foot, and appreciate the surrounding green

urban landscape from various perspectives.

The sculpture, shown in a CGI representation

in the illustration, is an official project forming

part of the European capital of culture pro-

gramme, RUHR.2010, and will be ready by the

end of 2010.

Photo:

© Heike Mutter and Ulrich Genth

2010

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Hot Dip Galvanizing Magazine 4/2010

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Transcript of Hot Dip Galvanizing Magazine 4/2010