HOSPITAL @ TIRUPATI M/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt....

HOSPITAL @ TIRUPATIM/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt. Ltd.,

Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4, 308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B,308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B, 309/2, 309/3, 309/4,

309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11,309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6,310/12, 311/1, 311/2B,

311/5, 311/6, 311/9 & 311/10, Karakambadi Village,Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh

EIS/EMP REPORT FOR PROPOSED HOSPITALBUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Submitted ByM/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt. Ltd.,Karakambadi Village,Renigunta Mandal,Chittoor District -517520,Andhra Pradesh.

Studies & Documentation byM/s Team Labs and Consultants(An ISO Certified Organization)B-115 – 117 & 509, Annapurna Block,Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet,Hyderabad- 500 038Phone: 91-040-23748555/616Fax : 91-040-23748666e-mail: [email protected]

SUBMITTED TOSTATE LEVEL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY,

ANDHRA PRADESHGOVERNMENT OF INDIA

CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 1-1

1.1 Environmental Impact Statement 1-5

1.2 EIS process adopted 1-5

1.2.1 Environmental Screening 1-6

1.2.2 Environmental Impact Statement and Management Plans 1-6

1.3 Structure of the EIA Report 1-6

2.0 Project Description 2-1

2.1 The Project Location 2-1


2.2.1 Design Stage 2-1

2.2.1.1 Storm Water Drains 2-6

2.2.1.2 Water Availability 2-8

2.2.1.3 Solid Waste 2-16

2.2.2 Construction Stage 2-19

2.2.2.1 Water Requirement 2-20

2.2.2.2 Construction Debris 2-21

2.2.2.3 Paints 2-21

2.2.2.4 Work Force 2-21

2.2.2.5 Material Preparation and Transport 2-21

2.2.3 Occupation Phase 2-21

2.2.3.1 Domestic Water 2-22

2.2.3.2 Solid Waste 2-23

3.0 Assessment of Impacts 3-1

3.1 Background 3-1

3.2 Meteorological Parameters 3-1

3.3 Natural and Biophysical Environment 3-1

3.3.1 Air 3-1

3.3.2 Water Resources 3-9

3.3.3 Land 3-10

3.3.4 Consumption of Natural Resources 3-13

3.3.5 Noise 3-14

3.3.6 Energy consumption 3-17

3.3.7 Energy Efficiency 3-18

3.3.8 Flora 3-18

3.3.9 Fauna 3-19

3.3.10 Human Use Values 3-19

3.4 Archaeological/Protected Monuments And

Other Cultural Properties 3-20

3.5 Social Impacts 3-20

3.6 Induced impacts 3-20

4.0 Mitigation, Avoidance and Enhancement Measures 4-1

4.1 Approach to Mitigation Measures 4-1

4.2 Avoidance and Mitigation Measures 4-2

4.2.1 Meteorological Parameters 4-2

4.2.2 Natural and Biophysical Environment 4-4

4.2.2.1 Air 4-4

4.3 Water Resources 4-5

4.4 Land 4-7

4.4.1 Physiography 4-7

4.4.2 Seismicity 4-7

4.4.3 Loss of Productive Soil 4-8

4.4.4 Soil Erosion 4-8

4.4.5 Compaction of Soil 4-9

4.4.6 Contamination of Soil 4-9

4.5 Consumption of Natural Resources 4-10

4.6 Noise Levels 4-10

4.7 Energy Consumption 4-10

4.7.1 Energy Conservation 4-11

4.8 Flora 4-11

4.9 Fauna 4-11

4.10 Human Use Values 4-12

4.11 Safe Construction Practice 4-12

5.0 Environment Management Plan 5-1

5.1 Project Details 5-1

5.2 Major findings of the EIS 5-1

5.3 Environmental Impacts 5-1

5.4 Environmental Management Measures Proposed 5-3

5.4.1 Pre-construction stage 5-3

5.4.2 Construction stage 5-3

5.4.3 Operation stage 5-4

5.5 Implementation arrangements 5-14

5.6 Environmental monitoring 5-14

5.6.1 Introduction 5-14

5.6.2 Objectives 5-15

5.6.3 Methodology 5-15

5.6.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring 5-15

5.6.5 Water Quality Monitoring 5-17

5.6.6 Noise Level Monitoring 5-22

5.7 Reporting system 5-29

5.8 Environmental management budget 5-29

5.9 Horticultural and Landscaping Works 5-30

5.10 Water Conservation Measures 5-36

5.11 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management 5-38

5.12 Fire Protection Plan/System 5-45

List of Tables


1.1 Population Growth-Hyderabad 1-2

1.2 Area Statement for the proposed building 1-3


2.1 Area Statement for the proposed Building 2-1

2.2 Parking Space Provision of the Project 2-2

2.3 Generated Traffic - Level Of Service & Performance 2-2

2.4 Generated Traffic - Modified Los & Performance 2-2

2.5 Storm Water Calculation 2-7

2.6 Water requirement of the project 2-9

2.7 Water Savings Proposed 2-9

2.8 Water Balance during Occupation Stage 2-9

2.9 Characteristics of Waste water 2-11

2.10 Composition of municipal solid waste 2-16

2.11 Solid & Bio-Medical Waste Generation 2-17

2.12 Construction Sequence 2-19

2.13 Earth work quantities 2-20

2.14 Material Consumption per total units 2-20

2.15 Lead Distance for Construction Materials 2-20

2.16 Amenities Provided 2-21

2.17 Energy Consumption Statement 2-22

2-18 Solid Waste Generated during Occupation Phase 2-23

3.0 Assessment of Impacts 3-1

3.1 Sources of dust during construction activity 3-3

3.2 Salient Feature of the ATDM Model 3-4

3.3 Atmospheric Stability Classifications 3-5

3.4 Mixing Heights Considered for Computations 3-5

3.5 Details of DG Sets Emissions 3-6

3.6 Maximum Predicted Ground Level Concentrations 3-6

3.7 Solid Waste Details 3-12

3.8 Material Consumption for project 3-13

3.9 Lead Distance for Construction Materials 3-13

3.10 Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipments 3-15

3.11 Noise Reduction Due to Barriers 3-16

3.12 Speed-noise relationships for various motor vehicles 3-17

5.0 Environment Management Plan 5-1

5.1 Environmental Management Plan and Action Plan 5-4

5.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 5-16

5.3 Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification – IS 10500:1991 5-18

5.4 Noise level standards (CPCB) 5-22

5.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan 5-23

5.6 Environmental Budgets for Project 5-30

5.7 List of Hazards Present for Workers in Various Trades 5-41

List of Figures


1.1 Site Location 1-4


2.1 Site Layout 2-3

2.2 Typical floor plans 2-4

2.3 Parking Floor Plans 2-5

2.4 Rain Water harvesting structures 2-8

2.5 Sewage Treatment Hydraulic Flow Diagram 2-15

2.6 Source of hospital waste 2-17

2.7 Waste Management Plan for Hospitals 2-18

4.0 Mitigation, Avoidance and Enhancement Measures 4-1

4.1 Albedo values of various types of roof material 4-3

Hospital @ Tirupati Environmental Impact Statement

Team Labs and Consultants1 - 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Tirupati City is located in the southeastern part of Andhra Pradesh, in Chittoor district. Itlies about 152-km northwest of Chennai in the Palkonda Hills. Tirupati is known as theabode of the Hindu god Venkateshvara (also spelt as 'Venkatesvara'), "Lord of SevenHills". About 10-km northwest of Tirupati, at an elevation of 750m, is the sacred hill ofTirumala, which was considered very holy. One of the most important pilgrimagecenters in India, the temple draws millions of pilgrims and is believed to be the busiestpilgrimage centre in the world.

HistoryThe Pallavas of Kanchipuram (9th century AD), Cholas of Tanjore (10 century) , Pandyasof mathura and Vijayanagara pradhans (14th & 15th centuries) were committeddevotees of Lord Venkateswara. The statues of Sri Krishna Devaraya and his spousestand in the premises of the temple. After the decline of Vijayanagara Empire, kingsfrom various states like the king of Mysore and Gadwal, worshiped the lord as pilgrimsand gifted various ornaments and valuables to the temple. Raghoji Bhonsle, theMaharastrian commander visited the temple and made a permanent arrangementregarding the regular pujas to be done to the Lord.

In 1843 the temple gave up administrative authority of Venkateswara Temple alongwith the temples in the village to the head of Hatthimji monastery in Tirumala. Till 1933the administration of the temple had been wielded by the head of that monastery,Hathiram Mahantha.

Tirupati was recognised as a municipal Corporation in 2002. Although Chittoor is theheadquarters of the district, much of the business activities and major governmentestablishments (and operations) take place in Tirupati. With improved infrastructureand due to various efforts by the state government, Tirupati is well turning into abusiness hub of southern Andhra pradesh. Notable large and medium scale industriesalong side a lot of small scale industries that call Tirupati as their home base, includethe government owned Railway Carriage Repair Shop, Amararaja Power Systems, LancoIndustries. There are plans to improve the infrastructure to set up IT service basedorganizations in Tirupati. Financial institutions like HDFC are setting their back officeoperations in Tirupati. Tirupati is becoming the education hub for the nearby areasbecause of the strong presence of Educational Institutions and Universities. Being apilgrimage center, the floating population is a major source of income. Considerablerevenue is generated by travel sector. Strong expatriate/town's non-residents' moneyinflow and an emerging industrial scenario triggered a major real estate boom in thetown in recent years and marched steadily, until before 2008-2009 Global Recession.

THE PROJECTThe project will be spread over an area of 5.8 hectares in Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4,308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B, 308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B,309/2, 309/3, 309/4, 309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11, 309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6, 310/12, 311/1, 311/2B, 311/5, 311/6, 311/9& 311/10, Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.



The site is surrounded by open lands in all the directions except in west direction. A100 feet wide road west direction connecting towards Renigunta and Kadapa highway.The nearest railway station is the Renigunta railway Station at a distance of 3.2 km.Construction initiated with Tirupathi Urban Development Authority Approval of B+G+1for 13893.73 m2 Built up area.

The project is proposed to built Hospital building typically contain acute care hospitals,long term acute care hospitals, speciality hospitals. The project of this magnitude wouldhave various positive and negative impacts and the same are to be addressed duringdesign stage of the project to arrive at mitigation/management measures.Environmental Impact Statement is a tool that can be used for identifying, evaluatingand for drawing the management plan. The project Impact area is presented in fig. 1.1.

Table 1.2 Built up Area Statement for the proposed building

Land Use No. of floors Total Site Area(m2)

Total Built Up area(m2)

Hospital B+G+7 8915.8 65826.0Canteen B+G 1244.9 2269.8Green area 5915Future Development 9325Surface parking 15259Road area 11174Open area 5797.6Road widening 345.3

Total 57976.6 68095.8



Fig 1.1 SITELOCATION



1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

The scope of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) as envisaged in the Terms ofReference (ToR) for the M/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt. Ltd., are detailed in Box 1-1 below.

Box 1-1 Scope of work of EIS“...The EIS shall cover the following:

Description of the proposed projectThe first task:” Description of the proposed project” forms a vital component of theEnvironmental Impact Statement (EIS) as it provides the basis for evaluating the likelycauses of Environmental Impacts. It is essential that the key components of the projectshall be clearly determined as far as possible at this stage.

Assessment of Environmental ImpactsBased upon the results from the review of existing information, field visits, site datacollection and consultation, for each component of environment (physical, biologicaland socio economic) the positive, negative, direct and indirect, temporary andpermanent impact s will be evaluated along with an indication of the degree of impact,i.e., whether the impact is significant, moderate, minor or negligible.

Environment Management Plan and Mitigation PlanFor each significant negative impact identified, specialist shall work closely with theengineering team to suggest practicable measures to avoid or mitigate the impact.Suggestions for compensation shall be given where there is no other alternative courseof action.

The mitigation of environmental impacts will be by three mechanisms.

=> Introduction of mitigation features through the engineering design.

=>Implementation of environmental controls during construction and operation.

=> Legislative control involving compliance with Indian environmental laws.

The Environmental management plan shall include an estimate of capital and recurringcosts of mitigation measures and will identify the parties and institutional frameworkfor implementation.

Monitoring PlanHaving identified the significant environmental impacts that are likely to arise as aresult of construction of the Hospital building project, the project team shall specifywhat monitoring is required during the various phases of project cycle.

1.2 EIS PROCESS ADOPTEDIncorporation of Environmental considerations into the project planning and design hasbeen taken up as an integral part of the project preparation. The major steps in the EA



process that have been adopted for the project are presented in the following sub-sections.

1.2.1 Environmental ScreeningEnvironmental screening of the project and the impact area was conducted to identifyvalued eco components of the area. The natural habitat of the area is transformed dueto the urbanization and the valued eco components found in the area are the Musibasin which carries both sewage and storm water, road network, and Kothagudareserve forest. The proposed site for the project is rocky area, necessitating significantcut and fill operation and the drainage of the site is a valued eco component which maybe altered. The construction of a huge project of this size would require naturalresources like sand and aggregate which are to be procured from out side. Theconstruction activity also involves drawing ground water and the same must beaddressed with respect to the availability. During occupation phase of the project theanticipated impacts will be on the availability of water, sewage treatment and disposal,storm water disposal, solid waste collection and disposal. These eco components will beaddressed specifically and other eco components will be reviewed for the impact and toidentify mitigation and management measures.

1.2.2 Environmental Impact Statement and Management PlansThe project has been assessed for its impacts in three phases; design stage,construction stage and occupation stage. The design of the project has been closely co-ordinated with the preparation of the Environmental Impact statement (EIS). The EISpreparation led to the identification of potential environmental impacts and theirfeasible remedial measures (including avoidance, mitigation and enhancement) whichwere made a part of the Environment Management Plan (EMP).

1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE EIS/EMP REPORTThe report is organized into 5 chapters as follows:

Chapter 2 entitled Project Description describes the M/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt. Ltd.,Hospital building project. The project details are presented from an environmentalperspective along with the salient features such as land use, building plans,Construction practices, adequacy of infrastructure, sewage treatment, solid wastedisposal etc. An overview of impacts of the entire project, mainly benefits, is given inthe last section.

Chapter 3 on the Assessment of Impacts determines the extent of the impacts of theproject activity on the existing environment. The focus of this section is on the adverseimpacts since the beneficial impacts on the environment due to the project. Theimpacts have been detailed in the same sequence as described in Chapter 5 for ease ofunderstanding.

Chapter 4 entitled Mitigation, Avoidance and Enhancement Measures forms the basisof the generation of coherent, comprehensive and concise Environment ManagementPlans for the project corridors. In addition to the avoidance and mitigation measures forthe biophysical and natural environmental components, this chapter discusses various



environmental enhancements suggested by the project including the enhancement ofcommon property resources as community water bodies and cultural resources alongthe project.

Chapter 5 entitled Environment Management Plan delineates the measures to beadopted for effective environmental conservation of all identified positive and negativeaspects of the project. The plan also elucidates a monitoring plan for all the abovemeasures.



2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This chapter details the need for the project, description of the proposed project andalternatives, and identifies the valued ecosystem components. The project is envisagedto provide build to suit Hospital building in Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal,Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.

2.1 THE PROJECT LOCATIONThe project will be spread over an area of 5.8 hectares in Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4,308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B, 308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B,309/2, 309/3, 309/4, 309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11, 309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6, 310/12, 311/1, 311/2B, 311/5, 311/6, 311/9& 311/10, Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.The site is surrounded by open lands in all the directions except in west direction. A100 feet wide road west direction connecting towards Renigunta – Kadapa highway.The nearest railway station is the Renigunta railway Station at a distance of 3.2 km.

2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.2.1 DESIGN STAGEThe principles of low impact development are adopted during the design stage toensure storm water percolation, treated water reuse, energy conservation, andoptimized usage of renewable resources. The Area Statement for the proposedHospital building is presented in table in table 2.1. Construction initiated with TirupathiUrban Development Authority Approval of B+G+1 for 13893.73 m2 Built up area.

Table 2.1 Area Statement for the proposed Building

Land Use No. of floors Total Site Area(m2)

Total Built Up area(m2)

Hospital B+G+7 8915.8 65826.0Canteen B+G 1244.9 2269.8Green area 5915Future Development 9325Surface parking 15259Road area 11174Open area 5797.6Road widening 345.3

Total 57976.6 68095.8

The project is proposed to built Hospital building typically contain acute care hospitals,long term acute care hospitals, speciality hospitals. The land allocation will be optimizedto ensure compliance with the FAR regulations of TUDA. The water requirement of theproject during operation will be drawn from Tirupati Municipality and Bore wells.Sewage treatment plant will be provided to treat the wastewater. Water conservationmeasures will be incorporated in the plumbing designs. Water recycling/reuse will beadopted by way of using treated sewage for toilet flush systems and green beltdevelopment. The treated effluent and storm water will be let-out into the storm waterdrain, which will join the drains. The required power will be drawn from the



APTRANSCO and the energy requirement will be optimized by adopting energy efficientdesign for lighting and for HVAC systems. Construction materials will be drawn fromlocal sources. The parking provision exceeds the guidelines prescribed by FAR andBuilding policy of Andhra Pradesh. The layout of the project site and plan of individualfloors is presented in fig. 2.1 and fig. 2.2.

PARKING PROVISIONIt is proposed to provide open/Surface parking. The parking provision follows theguidelines prescribed by TUDA and Building policy of Andhra Pradesh. The number ofparking spaces provided is presented in table 2.3. The parking floor plans are presentedin fig. 2.2.

Table 2.2 Parking Space Provision of the Project

Land Use 4 - Wheelers 2 - Wheelers AmbulanceSurface Parking 238 650 4Total 238 650 4Parking Details:Required Parking as per GO 168, GoAP 14981 22.0 %Parking Area Provided 15259 22.4 %

Circulation Plan:The connecting road to the site is 30 m. The width of connecting roads is 30 m with acapability of 3600 PCU. The present level of service is 0.40. The proposed project shallincrease the number of trips by 142. The level of service of connecting road shallreduce from 0.4 to 0.44 and the LOS class B (Very Good) to C (Good).

Table 2.3 Generated Traffic - LEVEL OF SERVICE & PERFORMANCE

RoadExisting

Volume, PCU/hrMaximum Capacity,

PCU/hrVolume/Capacity

LOS,Performance

Renigunta –Kadapa 1456 3600 0.40 “B” Very Good

Table 2.4 Generated Traffic - MODIFIED LOS & PERFORMANCE

Road

Existingvolume,PCU/hr

Existingvolume/Capacity

Additionalvolume

ModifiedVolume

Modifiedvolume/Capacity

Modified Los&

performanceRenigunta –

Kadapa 1456 0.40 142 1598 0.44 “C” Good

CIRCULATION PLANGround floor driveway : 8.0 mNo. of basements: 1 nos.No. of ramps : 1 - 2 wayWidth of ramp : 7.5 mSlope of ramp : 1 in 12No. of lifts : 16Capacity of each lift : 15 pax.Connecting road : 30 m row



Fig 2.1 Site layout



Fig. 2.2 Typical Floor Plans



Fig. 2.3 Parking Floor Plans



2.2.1.1 Storm water drains: Storm water drains will be provided all over the site tomeet the expected increase in the runoff during rainy seasons due to the imperviousnature of the roads and other paved areas. The site is uneven and it is proposed tomaintain the levels as much as possible.

For each plot rainwater pipes shall be designed for rainfall intensity of 40mm/hour fromterrace floor to be harvested by storm water sumps adjacent to each building, excessdisposed to external storm water lateral drain running adjacent to the periphery of thecampus. The storm water drain has been worked taking into consideration the siteprofile (contour). The Rainwater Harvesting Structures is shown in fig 2.4.

The rainwater collected from the building and from the other surfaces of the plot isharvested by 1 no. of sump overflow being discharged to this municipal sewer lines.Before the storm water enters the sump I shall be passed through silt trap & grease trapfor removal of silt & oil if any. Harvested water shall be used for landscaping & fordomestic use.

Storm water drains will be provided all over the site to meet the expected increase inthe runoff during rainy seasons due to the impervious nature of the paved areas. Thesite is uneven and it is proposed to maintain the levels as much as possible, hencestorm water outlets from the site are anticipated. The expected runoff is calculated forthe design of the storm water management is presented in following table 2.3.

CALCULATION FOR STORM WATER DRAIN:

Quantity of storm water:(a) With out project:Area of Catchment, ‘A’ : 5.7977 HaRun off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.6Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hrTherefore Q : 0.387 m3/sec

(b) With project: :Area for catchment for roof and road : 2.168 Ha

Area of Catchment, ‘A’ : 2.168 HaRun off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.9Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hrTherefore Q = : 0.217 m3/sec

Area for catchment for open areas : 3.630 HaRun off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.6Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hrTherefore Q = : 0.242 m3/secTotal Discharge : 0.459 m3/sec



But, Discharge, Q = A/V :Where, :A= Area of the Drain, :V= Max. Permissible Velocity : 6 m/sec for concrete drain

Area of drain, ‘A’ = Q/V : 0.076 m2

Taking depth of drain as 0.3 m at the startingpoint : 0.3

Width of drain = Area/depth = 0.127 m 127 mmWidth of the drain is to taken 55 mm and depth varies according to the slope ofground.

Table 2.5. Storm Water CalculationLandUse

Area inHectares

Vol./hr afterdevelopment

C=0.8

Vol./hr beforedevelopment

C=0.6

Differencein

Discharges

Remarks

RoofArea 1.02 325.1 243.9 81.3

Harvested in 150m3 sump & used

for domesticutility after pre

treatmentRoadArea 1.15 368.6 276.5 92.2 Harvested about

16 nos. of RHP ofsize 1.5 m X 1.5 m

X 2.0 m depthOpenArea 3.63 435.6 871.1 -435.6

TOTAL 5.80 -262.1*C=0.3 after development of greenery

Rainwater Harvesting:The quantity of rainwater, which can be harvested, depends upon the annual rainfall,the area of the plot (catchment area) and soil characteristics. The amount of waterinfiltrated into soil varies with the condition of soil surface and the moisture content ofthe soil at the time of rainfall. The total amount of water infiltered depends on theinfiltration opportunity time, which depends mainly on the slope of the land and thefield structure like contour bunds, terraces and other structures, which tend to hold therunoff water over long periods on the land surface.

1. Rainwater Harvesting Pits

2. Harvesting by sumps

Roof top water shall be used for domestic purpose/landscaping after filtration &disinfection.



Fig 2.4 Rainwater Harvesting Structures

2.2.1.2 Water Availability:It is proposed to draw domestic water from Tirupati Municipality and Borewells,Tirupati Municipality has been encouraging the bulk consumers. The water shortage ifany during summer season will be drawn from ground water sources. The waterrequirement during construction will be from ground water sources and therequirement is in the order of 40 cum/day. The water requirement of the projectduring occupation stage is in the order of 232.1 KLD. The water requirement for theproject during the occupation stage is presented in table 2.6. The Water Balance forthe project is presented in table 2.8.



Table 2.6 Water Requirement of the Project

Land UseTotal No. of

persons

Waterrequirement in

lpcd*

Total waterRequirement in

KLDBeds (350 beds) 350 450 157.5Staff (3 shifts/day) 600 45 27.0Visitors (1 persons/bed) 350 15 5.3Out Patients 360 15 5.4Visitors (1 persons/patient) 360 15 5.4Cafeteria (450 seats) 450 70 31.5Total 232.1* Water requirement is as per NBC (National Building Code, 2005)

The water requirement shall be reduced by adopting Dual plumbing system: Separatetank is provided to store the treated water; the tank shall be 1 foot below the overheadtank. Separate pipe system is provided to pump the treated water for flushing. All thetreated water pipelines shall be colored blue. Separate line in the blocks to use treatedwastewater for flushing purpose. The total saving is as follows;

Table 2.7 Water Savings Proposed

Land UseTotalNo. of

Persons

WaterRequirementin liters/day

Treatedwater reusein liters/day

Effective WaterRequirement in

l/dayBeds (350 beds) 350 157.5 15.8 141.8Staff (3 shifts/day) 600 27.0 12.0 15.0Visitors (1 persons/bed) 350 5.3 2.6 2.6Out Patients 360 5.4 2.7 2.7Visitors (1 per/patient) 360 5.4 2.7 2.7Cafeteria (450 seats) 450 31.5 11.3 20.3Total 232.1 47.0 185.0

Note: Treated water reuse assumed @ 20 l/head. Approximately 47.0 KL/day water willbe saved by adopting recycling of treated water in the toilet flush.

The effective water consumption is reduced by 47.0 kl/day and the requirement will bein the order of 185 kl/day. The water balance of the project during occupation stage istabulated in table 2.8

Table 2.8 Water Balance during occupation stageInput KL/Day Output KL/Day

Domestic water Municipality 185.0 HVAC Chillers 118.6Recycled water 47.0 Treated waste water for Recycle 47.0

Water requirement for greenbelt during non monsoon 20.0Losses approx 20% 46.4

Total 232.1 Total 232.1



The water used in the order of 232.1 KL/day would generate 185.7 KL/day ofwastewater which has to be treated for reuse and or disposal.

Treatment plant for treating sewage in the project has been proposed for a capacity of220 m3/day. The Sewage Treatment flow chart is shown in fig 2.5.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION:The proposed sewage treatment plant is of “Advanced Sequential Batch ReactorSystem”. In this method, the processes of BOD removal, nitrification/denitrification,phosphorus removal and sludge separation are achieved continuously in a single SBRtank. The process operates on the continuous inflow and batch outflow principle. Thephases of aeration, settling, decantation occur sequentially and are controlled by a PLC.

The tank is divided into pre-aeration and main aeration tanks by a baffle wall withopenings at the bottom. The sewage flows continuously into the pre-aeration tank,which acts as a biological selector enhancing the growth of the most desirableorganisms while limiting the growth of filamentous bacteria. Sewage from pre-aerationtank flows through openings at the bottom of the baffle wall and into the main aerationtank where BOD removal and nitrification occur. After aeration phase, sludgeseparation occurs in the settling phase. After settling, the clear water from top isremoved through a PLC operated decanter. Denitrification occurs during anoxic periodsof settling and decant phases. The excess sludge is wasted during decant phase. TheSBR treated water is disinfected using Sodium Hypochlorite and filtered through aPressure Sand Filter. The final treated water will be stored for recycling for toiletflushing purpose. The waste sludge is used as manure after dewatering.

The Treatment methodology includes.1) Bar screen.2) Oil & Grease Trap (O&G)3) Equalization tank4) Sequential Batch Reactor.5) Sludge Holding tank6) Multi Grade Filter7) Activated Carbon Filter:8) Treated water Tank9) UV10) Filter press

Biological stabilization of the wastewater is accomplished in the sequential batchreactor tank in the presence of micro organisms, for the respiration of which, Oxygen issupplied by means of diffused aeration comprising membrane diffusers and air blowers.Phosphorous removal and sludge separation are also achieved in this tank. After theaeration phase, sludge settling takes place. Sludge is then pumped to the sludgedewatering system through sludge transfer pumps.



Table 2.9 Characteristics of Waste waterParameter Quantity in mg/l

PH 6 – 7Total Suspended Solids 400 – 600BOD 200 – 300COD 450 – 500

DataCapacity : 220 m3/day or KLDFlow : 185 m3/dayInfluent BOD : 350 mg/litInfluent Suspended Solids : 300 mg/litInfluent COD : 600 mg/litEffluent BOD : 30 mg/litEffluent COD : 200 mg/litEffluent Suspended Solids : 100 mg/lit

1. Bar Screen ChamberFlow rate : 27.50 m3/hrPeak factor : 3.00Peak flow : 82.50 m3/hrVelocity through screen : 0.80 m/hrClear area through rack opening : 103.13Gross area : 1.20 times net area

Gross area :123.75

m (considering halfpipe full flow)

Assuming the inclination of screen of 60° to horizontal. Gross area of screen neededwould be 1.0X0.80 Mt. for ease of maintenance.

2. Oil & Grease Trap (O&G)Flow Rate : 220.0 m3/day or KLDAverage flow/Hourly flow : 9.2 m3/hrPeak factor : 2.50Peak flow : 22.92 m3/hrRetention Period : 6.00 min

Volume of the tank : 2.29 m3 (Say 2.5 m3)Side water depth : 1.00 mSurface Area required : 2.29 m2

length of the tank : 3.00 m (Say 3.0 m)Width of the tank : 0.76 m (Say 1.0 m)



3. Equalization tankPeak flow : 22.92Hydraulic retention time : 3 hrs. at peak flowVolume of the tank : 68.8 m3

Assuming depth : 3.5 mArea : 19.6 m2

length of the tank : 10.0 mwidth of the tank : 2.0 m (Say 2.5 m)Area required 19.64 m2Diffuser required 13.1 Nos.Diffuser adopted 40.0 Nos.Diffuser size 5" dia. disk diffuserair required 200.0 m3/h

4.Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) TankFlow Rate : 220 m3/day or KLDVolume of SBR tank : 176 KLD (80% of STP Capacity)

No. of tanks in series : 2 mCapacity of each Tank : 110 KLDNumber of Batch Per day : 5 /day/tankBatch Volume : 22.00 m³Fill Fraction : 0.28Reactor Volume Required : 78.6 m³Water Depth : 3.70 meterSurface Area Required : 21.2 m²width required : 8.0 meterLength required : 2.7 meterArea Proposed : 21.24Diffuser reqd. : 7.96Diffuser proposed : 26.00Total diffuser required : 52.00Diffusers size : 2 m long tubular diffuserAir Required :Inlet BOD : 350 mg/litBatch volume : 22.0 m³BOD load Per batch : 7.7 KgOxygen required : 11.94 KgAeration Time : 2.4 Hrs.Oxygen Required Rate : 4.97 Kg/HrsField correction Factor : 0.51



SOTR : 9.75 Kg/HrsSOTE : 0.06Water Depth : 3.50 mAir Required per tank : 168.23 m³/hr (Say 180)Air RequiredTotal Air required (Eq. Tank + SBR tank) : 750.00 m3/hrAdd for others (10%) : 75.00 m3/hrGrand Total : 825.00 m3/hrProposed Blower Capacity : 850 m3/hr

5. Sludge Holding tankNo. of Tanks : 1.00 Nos.Sludge weight : 126.00 kg/dHydraulic retention time : 48.00 hrs.Sludge volume : 12.60 m3/dSHT Volume : 25.20 m3Water Depth : 2.50 msurface Area : 10.08 m2Length : 5.00 mWidth reqd. : 2.02 msurface area adopted : 10.08 m2diffuser required : 5.04 Nos.diffuser adopted : 5.00 Nos.diffuser size : 5"disk diffuserAir Required : 25.00 m3/hr

6. Multi Grade Filtersurface loading rate : 15 m³/m²/HrFiltration rate proposed : 39 m³/HrNos. of filter : 1filtration rate of each filter : 39 m³/HrArea Required : 2.6 m²Dia Required : 1819.9 mmDia Adopted : 1850 mmHOS : 1800 mm

7. Activated Carbon Filter:Surface loading rate : 15 m³/m²/HrFiltration rate proposed : 39.0 m³/HrNos. of filter : 1.0filtration rate of each filter : 39.0 m³/Hr



Area Required : 2.60 m²Dia Required : 1819.9 mmDia Adopted : 1850 mmHOS : 1800 mm

8. Treated water tankNumber of tanks : 1 nos.Volume proposed for Tank-1 : 37 m³

9. Filter PressSludge generation per day : 12.60 m3/dSize 14" X 14" X 9

Characteristics of Treated Waste waterParameter Quantity in mg/l

PH 7 – 8Total Suspended Solids 100BOD 30COD 150

Disposal of Treated Wastewater: It is proposed to reuse the treated wastewater forgreen belt development, HVAC and for toilet flushing. Excess treated water shall bedischarged into open drains. It is proposed to release/dispose the storm water in thestorm water drains.



Fig 2.5 Sewage Treatment Hydraulic Flow Diagram

To R

euse

Exce

ss d

ischa

rged

to e

xter

nal d

rain

s

SEW

AG

E TR

EATM

ENT

PLA

NT

SEQ

UEN

TIA

L BA

TCH

REA

CTO

R TE

CHN

OLO

GY

(SBR

)

Filte

r Pre

ss

EQT

TAN

K

PSF

ACF

Bar S

cree

n

Raw

Sew

age

Filte

r Fee

dPu

mp

(1W

+1S)

SLU

DGE

HOLD

ING

TAN

K

Deca

nter

Tank

capa

city

SBR

(Pac

kage

uni

t) TREA

TED

WAT

ERTA

NK

O &

G



2.2.1.3 Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste CompositionIn India the biodegradable portion dominates the bulk of Municipal Solid Waste.Generally the biodegradable portion is mainly due to food and yard waste. The belowtable presents Composition of Municipal Solid Waste.

Table 2.10 Composition of Municipal Solid WasteType Composition (%) Solid waste in kgPaper 8 55Plastics 9 62Metals 1 7Glass 1 7others 4 27Biodegradable 48 330Inerts 25 172Rags 4 27Total 100 687

NSWAI : National Solid Waste Association of India

Design StageSolid WasteThe domestic solid waste (687 Kg / Day) of the project will be segregated into twocategories i.e. Bio-degradable and Non-biodegradable waste. The waste from all therooms will be collected by the workers and all the waste is sent through service lift tothe segregation point which will be collected by the management. Solid waste/garbagewaste to be collected in green and blue dustbins. The green bins to be filled withBiodegradable kitchen waste, while the blue bins to be filled with Non Biodegradablewaste (recyclable waste) like glass, plastic, paper, etc. The Biodegradable and NonBiodegradable waste is collected by the maintenance department and sent to M.S.Wmanagement facility. Table 2.11 presents the anticipated garbage quantity afteroccupation. The waste management for the hospital is shown in fig 2.7. Theresponsibility of garbage collection and disposal lies with the municipality, however theproject authorities propose to educate the employees/workers to segregate the wasteat source before disposal.

Bio-medical wasteThe hospital is 350 Beds hospital with an average occupancy of about 50%. The Numberof patients (OPD) visited the hospital is about 360 persons. The wastes will besegregated at the source in color coded bags as per the Bio-medical waste(management and Handling) rules, 2000. The Bio-Medical wastes such as human waste,infectious waste are stored in yellow bins. The Bio-Medical waste is collected separatelyand stored. The bio-medical waste from the hospital is outsourced through anapproved agency for appropriate disposal. It is expected that about 211 Kg / day of Bio-medical waste will be generated after the development of the proposed hospital and



the same will be handled and disposed as per the Bio-medical Waste (Management &Handling) Rules 1998. The bio-medical waste from the hospital is outsourced toM/s. AWM Consulting limited, Pachikapallam (V), Vedurukuppam (M), Chittoor District.The hospital management shall train all the medical and Para medical staff aboutsegregation and disposal.

Fig 2.6 Source of Hospital Waste

* Source: CPCB Bio-Medical Waste Management

Table: 2.11 Solid & Bio-Medical Waste Generation

Land UseTotal No. of

personsTotal Solid

waste in kgs.Total Bio-Medical

waste in kgs.Beds (350 beds) 350 105.0 175Staff (3 shifts/day) 600 180.0Visitors (1 persons/bed) 350 105.0Out Patients 360 36.0 36Visitors (1 persons/patient) 360 36.0Cafeteria (450 seats) 450 225.0Total 687.0 211

Hospital Waste

Bio-Medical Waste(about 15%)

Human anatomical waste, animalwaste, micro-biological & bio-

technology waste, waste sharps,discarded medicines & cytotoxicdrugs, soiled waste, incineration

ash, chemical waste

Kitchen waste,packaging materials,

paper, etc

General Waste(about 85%)



Classification of Biomedical WasteS.No Category Waste Type

1 Category No. 1 Human anatomical waste that consists of mainly oftissues, organs removed during surgery, placenta, etc.

2 Category No. 2 Animal wastes i.e. waste generated from the animalhouse

3 Category No. 3 Microbiology & biotechnology waste i.e. cultures, stocksand samples

4 Category No. 4Sharps wastes which includes hypodermic needles,needles attached to tubings, broken glass pieces, scalpelblades, etc.

5 Category No. 5Discarded medicines and cytotoxic waste that comprisesof various anti cancerous drugs used for treatingmalignant conditions

6 Category No. 6 Soiled waste i.e. soiled dressing and any other materialcontaminated with blood

7 Category No. 7 Solid waste which is the waste generated fromdisposable items

8 Category No. 8Liquid waste which consists of waste generated fromlaboratory and washing, cleaning, house keeping anddisinfectant activities

9 Category No. 9 Ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste

10 Category No. 10

Chemical waste are solution such as formaldehyde usedfor preserving tissues, fixer and developer used inradiology department and the chemicals used indisinfection

* Source: CPCB Bio-Medical Waste Management

FIG 2.7 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HOSPITALS

MaintenanceDepartment



Biodegradablewaste

Non-BiodegradableWaste

M.S.WManagement

Facility

Municipality

M.S.WManagement

Facility

Segregation Point

Bio-MedicalWaste

SEMBRAMKY

SourceSegregationSegregation Point

Municipality

e - Waste

StorageArea

e – parisara/Ramky



2.2.2 Construction StageThe sequence of construction operations and the approximate time requirement ispresented in the following table 2.12. The time schedule of the entire project isapproximately 24 months.

Table 2.12 Construction SequenceS.No Description of work

1 Clearing and Grubbing2 Leveling by way of cut and fill3 Foundation Excavation.4 Foundation PCC & Concrete & Plinth Beam.5 Column lifting up to GF Roof.6 1st floor slab reinforcement & shuttering & Concreting.7 Stair case slab8 1st floor column lifting up to 1st floor roof.9 1st floor roof shuttering, reinforcement & concreting.

10 Deshuttering of GF Roof & cleaning.11 Deshuttering of 1st Roof & cleaning.12 Brick work in GF floor.13 Brick work in 1st floor.14 Staircase up to terrace.15 Staircase headroom slab.

16Plumbing works (concealed works).Electrical conduit junction boxes & board fixing.Plastering works.

a. Internal (GF & FF).b. External (GF & FF).

17 Fixing of door & window frames.18 Plinth filling & floor PCC.19 Floor Tiling Works, bathroom, kitchen & platform works.20 Staircase stone works.21 Terrace waterproofing works.22 Parapet wall in terrace & miscellaneous works.23 Fixing of door & window shutters.24 Fixing of sanitary fittings.25 Electrical wiring & fixtures.26 Painting works.27 External development & compound wall.

The clearing and grubbing activity involves clearing of few trees and shrubs mainly asthe greenery is not disturbed in the layout plan. The cut and fill operation for the entirearea is presented in table 2.13. There is excess cut material which would be used forconstruction of roads and the purpose of aggregate for the construction purpose.



Table 2.13 Earth Work Quantities

S No Area Qty. of fill(m3)

Qty of cut(m3)

Surplus fill(m3)

Surplus cut(m3)

1 Site 11595 11595 ------- -------

The construction of this magnitude would require huge quantities of constructionmaterials. The material requirement for the project is presented in table 2.14.

Table 2.14 Material Consumption per Total Units

Land UseBUA perunit in(m2)

ReadyMix

Concrete(m3)

Cement(bags)

Sand(m3)

Aggregate(m3)

Water(m3)

Brick(Nos)

x1000

Reinforcement

steel (MT)

Total BUA 68096 27919 63329 26557 2928 16479 7899 1566Total 68096 27919 63329 26557 2928 16479 7899 1566

Thus aggregate requirement will be met from within the plant site. The lead distancefor various construction materials is presented in table 2.15.

Table 2.15 Lead Distance for Construction Materials

S.No Material Source Lead Distance(Km)

1

Sand ROBOSAND and or Krishnaor Godavari river bed areaspermitted by Govt. ofAndhra Pradesh

150 – 200

2 Aggregate With in the site 0 – 53 Cement Manufacturing units 100 – 1504 Reinforcement Steel SAIL/TATA god owns 5-10

5 Bricks Local suppliers/Manufacturers 50

6 Plumbing Material Local suppliers 2 – 97 Electrical Material Local Suppliers 2 – 88 Sanitary Material Local suppliers 2 – 8

9 Flooring andPavement Tiles Manufacturers 50– 150

10 Paints Local Manufacturers 10 – 3011 Ready Mix Concrete Local Batch Plants 3 - 7

2.2.2.1 Water RequirementThe water required for this project is in the order of 16500 m3 for the entire projectimplementation period. The peak demand for water may be 90 m3/day, howevertypical daily consumption will be in the order of 45 m3/day. The required water will bedrawn from ground water sources. The project authorities explored the possibility ofusing treated wastewater to meet partial requirement of water and could not identify a



reliable source. The water supply and plumbing will be optimized and low waterconsuming faucets and flush tanks will be used to conserve water.

2.2.2.2 Construction DebrisThe construction debris consists of various types of materials. The construction debriswill be in both hazardous and non-hazardous categories. The hazardous debris consistsof empty containers of adhesives, thinners, paints, and petroleum products. Theseempty containers will be sold to authorized recyclers. The non hazardous wastescontain recyclable debris like iron and other metal, glass, plastics, cartons of paper,wood etc. These wastes will be sent for reuse/recycle. The waste percentage will be inthe order of 2%. Construction debris containing bricks, demolished RCC will be used forland filling in the place of sub grade.

2.2.2.3 PaintsAll the paints used in the premises will be ensured to have an albedo of at least 0.4 toincrease the reflectivity and reduce the heat dissipation and heat island effects.

2.2.2.4 Work Force:The labor/work force requirement is approximately 5000 man-days of various skilledand unskilled employees. Sufficient labor force and skilled employees are available, asHyderabad is a favorite destination of skilled employees and migrating people from therural areas. The peak labor force requirement will be in the order of 1500 people. Thelabor force will be provided with temporary toilet facilities connected to a septic tankfollowed by sewer liners. The water requirement for the labor force will beapproximately 1000 lit/day.

2.2.2.5 Material preparation and transportMost of the construction material except aggregate will be drawn from outside. Thematerial will be transported by trucks and the approximate number of truck trips are600. The material transport within the site will be facilitated by 5 no. of trippers.

2.2.3 OCCUPATION PHASEA number of facilities will be provided by M/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt. Ltd., for theoccupants and the facilities are shown in table 2.16

Table 2.16 Amenities ProposedAmenity Nos. or Description

Sewage Treatment Plant 1Garbage Collection Bin 1DG Sets 1040 kVA X 2 no. + 500 kVA. X 2no.

The company shall operate the amenities like sewage treatment plant, DG sets. Themajor requirement of resource is for electricity and water. The electricity will be drawnfrom APTRANSCO. Transformers will be provided to reduce voltage fluctuation and toprovide quality energy. The power requirement during operation phase is presented intable 2.17.



Table 2.17 Energy Consumption Statement

S. No. DescriptionConnectedLoad kW

DiversityFactor

DemandLoad kW

1 No. of rooms (350 beds) 1050 0.7 7352 Operation Theaters 550 0.7 3853 Guest Corridor 135 0.9 121.54 Public Area 250 0.8 2005 Conventional Power 200 0.6 1206 Lifts 8 nos. @ 30 kW 240 1 2407 External & Landscape Lightning 220 0.8 1768 AC Plant Load 850 0.7 5959 Pumps and Cooling Towers for

HVAC system950 0.7 665

10 Plumbing Load 350 0.7 24511 Kitchen Equipment (Assumed) 550 0.7 38512 Fire Pumps 110 1 11013 Jockey Pump 100 1 10014 AHU/Ventilation 120 0.7 8415 Guest Laundry (Assumed) 300 0.6 180

TOTAL DEMAND LOAD (kW) 4342OVERALL DIVERSITY FACTOR 0.7 (kW) 3039TOTAL DEMAND LOAD IN kVA @ 0.95 POWER FACTOR 3199

SOLAR PANEL

Centralized solar based hot water generation with electrical back up is proposed tomeet the hot water requirements of the hospital.

Heat pumps (working and stand-by) are planned as electrical back up for hot watergeneration system. These consume 50 percent less energy compared to regular electricbased heating systems.

Based on calculations approximately 158 solar panels with a stainless steel storagetank/ M.S tanks with epoxy lining and red oxide insulation are proposed on the terracecovering an area of 1035 sq m and 160 solar panels are located on site over the bikeparking covering an area of 1270 sq m.

2.2.3.1 Domestic WaterThe domestic water will be drawn from Tirupathi Municipality and during non-availability Ground water will be drawn and used to augment the supplies. Thewastewater will be treated and reused for gardening and flush tanks. Dual plumbingsystem is adopted to reuse the treated wastewater for flushing. Dual plumbing system:Separate tank is provided to store the treated water, the tank is at least 1 foot belowthe level of other tanks and a distance of minimum 2 feet from the other waterpipelines. Separate pipe system is provided to pump the treated water for flushing. Allthe lines providing treated water will be colored blue. The excess treated water will belet out into the storm water drains.



2.2.3.2 Solid WasteThe solid wastes anticipated during occupation stage include garbage, sludge from STP,hazardous waste of used oils, and batteries from generators. The quantity of wastes ispresented in table 2.18.

Table 2.18 Solid Waste Generated during Occupation Phase

S.No.Type ofWaste

Quantity Collection/storage Disposal

1 Garbage 687.0kg/day

Stored at in green and bluebins for non-recyclable andrecyclable wastesrespectively. Collected andtransported to segregationbin by Maintenance dept.Canteen waste to Bio gasplant.

Municipal solidwaste disposal

2 SewageTreatment

Plant Sludge

11kg/day

Collection sump Used as manure andor given to farmers.

3 UsedBatteries

15 nos.year

Sold to Authorizedrecyclers or returnedto seller

4 Usedlubricant

250l/year

Stored in HDPE Carboy Sold to authorizedrecyclers

5 Bio-MedicalWaste

211kg/day

Stored in black/yellow/red/white bins at eachlevel and collected byservice lift and transportedto the segregation point bymanagement

Sent to M/s. AWMConsulting limited,Chittoor District fortreatment anddisposal



3.0 ASSESSMENTS OF IMPACTS

This chapter assesses the nature, type and magnitude of the potential impacts likely onthe various relevant physical, biological and cultural environmental components alongthe project route.

3.1 BACKGROUNDThe project will be spread over an area of 5.8 hectares in Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4,308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B, 308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B,309/2, 309/3, 309/4, 309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11, 309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6, 310/12, 311/1, 311/2B, 311/5, 311/6, 311/9& 311/10, Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.The site is surrounded by open lands in all the directions except in west direction. A 100feet wide road west direction connecting towards Renigunta – Kadapa highway. Thenearest railway station is the Renigunta railway Station at a distance of 3.2 km. Theimpacts of the activities proposed as part of the project can occur during:

Planning and Design Stage Construction Stage Occupation Stage

3.2 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERSThe project area is located in a semi arid -tropical region with marked monsoon effects.Though no change in the macro-climatic setting (precipitation, temperature and wind)is envisaged due to the project, the microclimate is likely to be temporarily modified bythe addition of increased non-reflective surface and pavement surface. There will be anincrease in daytime temperature on the road surface and soil, which in turn might leadto formation of “urban heat islands” especially along the inhabited sections. These heatisland effects may increase the temperature of the area slightly. The mitigationmeasures proposed for the Hospital block is to use less heat radiating material, providecool roof, while the paved areas will have cool pavements.

This increase in the daytime temperature assumes significance especially to people ofthe project, as the entire project area experiences temperatures as high as 42o C duringsummers. Although the impact is significant and long term in nature, it is reversible innature and shall be compensated for by additional plantation of trees and othermitigation measures. It must be noted that the impact is unavoidable. However, it maybe pointed out that the project site is barren land devoid of any plantation, and thedevelopment will add greenery to compensate the effect.

3.3 NATURAL AND BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT3.3.1 AirAir quality along the Project area will be impacted both during the construction andoccupation stages. Construction stage impacts will be of short term and have adverseimpacts on the construction workers as well as the settlements adjacent to the project,especially those in the downwind direction. Occupation stage impacts will not be as



severe as the construction stage impacts and will be confined generally to the projectsite. The following sections present the impacts of the project activities on thiscomponent.

Generation of DustPre Construction & Construction StagesGeneration of dust is the most likely impact during these stages due to:a) Site clearance and use of heavy vehicles and machinery etc.;b) Procurement and transport of raw materials to construction sites; the impacts will

mostly be concentrated in the project site. The impacts due to dust generation arefelt downwind of the site along with the site.

As the entire project corridor has a soil type with high clay content and the constructionactivities to be carried out during the dry season when the moisture content would beless, dust generation, particularly due to earthworks will be marginally significant. Dustis likely to be generated due to the various construction activities.

Generation of dust is a critical issue and is likely to have adverse impact on health ofworkers in the construction site. This is a direct adverse impact, which will last almostthroughout the construction period.

Occupation StageNo dust generation is envisaged during the occupation stage as the Hospital will havegreenery and all pavements shall be paved with tiles and all slopes & embankmentsshall be turfed as per best engineering practices.

Generation of Exhaust GasesPre Construction & Construction StagesGeneration of exhaust gases is likely during the pre-construction stage due tomovement of heavy machinery for clearance of the site for construction. This impact isenvisaged to be insignificant during the pre-construction stage. Although the impact ismuch localized, it can spread down wind depending on the wind speeds. TheEnvironment Management Plan needs to ensure that adequate measures are takenespecially for health safety of workers such as providing them with safety masks duringworking hours. Also, the contractor should ensure that stockyards are away fromresidential areas. If adequate measures are taken, impacts from generated gases can beconsidered negligible. The source of dust during construction activity is presented intable 3.1.



Table 3.1 Sources of dust during Construction ActivityVehicle and Equipment

UseExposed Areas Contractor Activities

Vehicle and equipmententering and leaving theproject site

Areas of exposed soil thathave been cleared andgrubbed

Land clearing and grubbing

Vehicle and equipmentmovement and usewithin the project site

Areas of exposed soil thathave been excavated, filled,compacted, or graded

Earthwork including soilcompaction, rough gradingand final grading.

Sediment tracking off-site Construction staging areas Drilling

Temporary parking lotsand staging areas

Vehicle and equipmentstorage and service areas

Materials handling, includingmaterial stockpiling, transfer,and processing

Onsite Constructiontraffic

Material processing areas andtransfer points Batch dropping, dumping

Construction roads Conveyor transfer and stacking

Bare ground areas ofconstruction site Material transferring

Spilled materials Milling and screeningoperations

Construction stockpiles Demolition and debris disposal

Soil and debris piles Tilling

Occupation StageThe major impact on air quality will be due to plying of vehicles, usage of DG sets duringload shut down by APTRANSCO. The impacts on air quality will, at any given timedepend upon period of time the DGs are used and prevailing meteorological conditions.Excess discharge of flue gases from DG set can occur due to (i) inadequatemaintenance, (ii) use of adulterated fuel. To predict air quality in the vicinity of projectsite air pollution modeling has been carried out to quantify the impacts incorporating allthese variables.

Modelling of EmissionsPredictions of ground level concentrations of the pollutants from 1040 KVA D.G (2 No.)& 500 KVA D.G (2 No.) set was carried out based on site meteorological data collected.For calculation of predicted ground level concentrations using a mathematical model AllTerrain Dispersion Model (ATDM) based on USEPA algorithm for ISCST2.

A large number of different mathematical models for dispersion calculations are inpractice in many parts of the world. Most of the models for prediction of down windconcentrations are based on Gaussian dispersion. The principle behind the Gaussiandispersion models is Gaussian probability of distribution of concentration in bothvertical and horizontal cross wind directions about the plume central line.



All Terrain Dispersion Model (ATDM) was used for the prediction of ground levelconcentrations of various pollutants, which is based on algorithms contained in USEPAdispersion model Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) model version-2. Thesemodels consider the following in making the computations; Plume rise is calculatedusing methods suggested by Briggs, Gaussian plume dispersion is assumed, calculationsare made as if the atmosphere has reached a steady state conditions. Complete Eddyreflection is calculated for unstable and neutral conditions both from the ground andfrom the stable layer aloft given by the mixing height. The salient features of the ATDMmodel are presented below table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Salient Features of the ATDM ModelS.No Item Details

1. Model name ATDM (based on USEPA model ISCST2)2. Dispersion Equation Steady State Gaussian Plume Equation3. Diffusion Parameters Pasquill Gifford Coefficients4. Plume Rise Briggs Equation5. Time Average 1 hour to 24 hours6. Application Input Data:(i) Source Data Mine coordinates, base elevation, emission

rates of pollutants.(ii) Receptor Data Grid interval, number of receptors, receptor

elevations.(iii) Meteorological Data Hourly meteorological data i.e. wind speed,

direction, ambient temperature, stability andmixing heights.

7. Application Applicable for Point, Area and Volume sources.8. Special Features The model estimates maximum 1 hour to 24

hours average concentrations.The model considers terrain elevations

Model FormulationThe model uses the following steady state Gaussian plume equation. The basic equationfor calculating the concentration of pollutants for any point in x, y, z co-ordinates isgiven below:

C (x,y,z) = Q/2 y z U exp[-1/2(y/y)2] x [2exp{-1/2(z-/z)2}]Where,C = Concentration of pollutants in mg/cu mQ = Strength of emissions in g/sec.y, z = diffusion coefficients in y and z directions in m.U = average wind velocity in m/sec.The following assumptions are made in Gaussian dispersion model.This model assumes no diffusion in the down wind direction and thus applicable to aplume of pollutant. The dispersion parameter values used for horizontal dispersioncoefficient and vertical dispersion coefficients are those given in the “Work book ofAtmospheric dispersion estimates”. These dispersion coefficients assume a samplingtime of about 10 min.



The Gaussian dispersion model has been tested extensively for its validity and found tobe reasonably applicable for different atmospheric conditions. BIS has also adoptedthis basic plume dispersion model. USEPA has also validated ISCST2 algorithms for theprediction of emissions from surface coal mining activity (USEPA 1994). Hence the samemodel is adopted for predictions of downwind concentrations of pollutants in thisreport.

Meteorological DataData recorded by the weather monitoring station at site on wind speed, direction, solarinsolation, temperature and cloud cover at one hourly interval for March 2010 to May2010 been used for computations. Hourly atmospheric stability determined based onthe technique suggested by Turner. Visual observations were made on for the solarinsolation and cloud cover during study period. The methodology adopted forestablishing the hourly stability class is given in table 3.3.

Table 3.3 Atmospheric Stability Classifications

Wind Speed(m/sec)

Insolation (Day time) Night time

Strong Moderate Slight Thin over cast or>4/8 low cloud

<3/8Cloud

<2 A A-B B - -2-3 A-B B C E F3-5 B B-C C D E5-6 C C-D D D D>6 C D D D D

Mixing Height:As the site specific mixing height is not available USEPA approved general mixingheights as applicable for Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model have been consideredfor modeling to establish the worst case scenario. The mixing heights considered formodeling is given table 3.4

Table 3.4 Mixing Heights Considered for ComputationsStability Class Mixing Height (m)

A 1300B & C 900D 750E & F 400



Emission FactorFor DG SetsCalculation of Stack HeightFor the DG set the stack height h = 0.2 (Kva)1/2

For 1040 KVA, Stack height = 0.2(1040) ½ = 6.4Taken as 6.5 meters above roof level

For 500 KVA, Stack height = 0.2(500) ½ = 4.47Taken as 4.5 meters above roof level

Table 3.5 Details of DG Set emissions

StackNo. Name of Stack

StackHeight

(m)

Dia ofstackat top

(m)

Temp. ofexhaust

gases (0C)

ExitVelocity(m/sec)

PollutantEmission Rate (g/sec)

PM SO2 NOx

1 1040 KVA DG set(2No.) 6.5 0.4 468 8 0.004 0.06 0.08

2 500 KVA DG set(2No.) 4.5 0.2 225 4 0.001 0.03 0.04

Air Quality PredictionsThe predicted maximum 24 hourly ground level concentrations of SPM and distance ofoccurrence based on site meteorological data over a grid of 3 km x 3 km with a receptorinterval of 50 meters are presented in Table 3.6. The average meteorological conditionsas observed during study period are used for the graphical presentation of dispersion ofpollutants.

Table 3.6 Maximum Predicted Ground Level Concentrations

S.No. Pollutant Direction Distance(m)

Maximum Concentration(g/m3)

1 SPM SW 240 1.802 SOx SW 240 8.873 NOx SW 240 11.43

Indoor Air QualityThe indoor environment in any building is a result of the interaction between the site,climate, building system (original design and later modifications in the structure andmechanical systems), construction techniques, contaminant sources (building materialsand furnishings, moisture, processes and activities within the building, and outdoorsources), and building occupants. The following four elements are involved in thedevelopment of indoor air quality problems:

Source: there is a source of contamination or discomfort indoors, outdoors, or withinthe mechanical systems of the building.

HVAC: the HVAC system is not able to control existing air contaminants and ensurethermal comfort (temperature and humidity conditions that are comfortable for mostoccupants).



Pathways: one or more pollutant pathways connect the pollutant source to theoccupants and a driving force exists to move pollutants along the pathway(s).

Occupants: building occupants are present Indoor air contaminants can originate withinthe building or be drawn in from outdoor. A typical list of issues related to indoor airquality are as follows;

Sources of Indoor Air PollutionOutside BuildingContaminated outdoor air due to; pollen, dust, fungal spores; industrial pollutants;and general vehicle exhaust. Emissions from nearby sources i.e., exhaust from vehicleson nearby roads or in parking lots, or garages loading docks, odors from dumpsters,re-entrained (drawn back into the building) exhaust from the building itself or fromneighboring buildings and unsanitary debris near the outdoor air intake. Moisture orstanding water promoting excess microbial growth on the rooftops after rainfall andcrawlspace.

EquipmentHVAC system: HVAC systems may generate the following indoor air quality problems;dust or dirt in ductwork or other components; microbiological growth in drip pans,humidifiers, ductwork, coils; improper use of biocides, sealants, and/or cleaningcompounds; improper venting of combustion products; refrigerant leakage.

Non-HVAC equipment : The other emissions which are non-HVAC equipment related ina typical office complex are; emissions from office equipment (volatile organiccompounds, ozone); supplies (solvents, toners, ammonia); emissions from shops, labs,cleaning processes; elevator motors and other mechanical systems

Human ActivitiesThe contribution of various human activities related to personal, house keeping andmaintenance to indoor air quality is important. Typical list of activities are as follows;

Personal activities: smoking, cooking, body odor, cosmetic odors, cleaning materialsand procedures, emissions from stored supplies or trash, use of deodorizers andfragrances, airborne dust or dirt (e.g., circulated by sweeping and vacuuming)

Maintenance activities: microorganisms in mist from improperly maintained coolingtowers, airborne dust or dirt, volatile organic compounds from use of paint, caulk,adhesives, and other products, pesticides from pest control activities, emissions fromstored supplies.

Building Components and FurnishingsLocations that produce or collect dust or fibers; textured surfaces such as carpeting,curtains, and other textiles, open shelving, old or deteriorated furnishings, materialscontaining damaged asbestos.



Unsanitary conditions and water damage; microbiological growth on or in soiled orwater-damaged furnishings, microbiological growth in areas of surface condensation,standing water from clogged or poorly designed drains, dry traps that allow the passageof sewer gas. Chemicals released from building components or furnishings; volatileorganic compounds or inorganic compounds

Other SourcesAccidental events; spills of water or other liquids, microbiological growth due toflooding or to leaks from roofs, piping, fire damage (soot, PCBs from electricalequipment, odors). Special use areas and mixed use buildings; smoking lounges,exercise rooms, food preparation areas

Redecorating/remodeling/repair activities; emissions from new furnishings, dust andfibers from demolition, odors and volatile organic and inorganic compounds from paint,caulk, adhesives, microbiological released from demolition or remodeling activities

HVACThe HVAC system includes all heating, cooling, and ventilation equipment serving abuilding: furnaces or boilers, chillers, cooling towers, air handling units, exhaust fans,ductwork, filters, and steam (or heating water) piping. A properly designed andfunctioning HVAC system: provides thermal comfort, distributes adequate amounts ofoutdoor air to meet ventilation needs of all building occupants, isolates and removesodors and contaminants through pressure control, filtration, and exhaust fans.

Pollutant Pathways and Driving ForcesAirflow patterns in buildings result from the combined action of mechanical ventilationsystems, human activity, and natural forces. Pressure differentials created by theseforces move airborne contaminants from areas of relatively higher pressure to areas ofrelatively lower pressure through any available openings.

The basic principle of air movement from areas of relatively higher pressure to areas ofrelatively lower pressure can produce many patterns of contaminant distribution,including: local circulation in the room containing the pollutant source, air movementinto adjacent spaces that are under lower pressure (Note: Even if two rooms are bothunder positive pressure compared to the outdoors, one room is usually at a lowerpressure than the other.), recirculation of air within the zone containing the pollutantsource or in adjacent zones where return systems overlap, movement from lower toupper levels of the building, air movement into the building through either infiltrationof outdoor air or reentry of exhaust air.

Building OccupantsThe term “building occupants” is generally used to describe people who spendextended time periods (e.g., a full workday) in the building. Groups that may beparticularly susceptible to effects of indoor air contaminants include, but are not limitedto: allergic or asthmatic individuals, people with respiratory disease, people whoseimmune systems are suppressed due to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, disease, orother causes and contact lens wearers



3.3.2 Water ResourcesDesign StageThe project site area falls in the drainage basin of Karakambadi tank. The surface waterbodies can be subject to adverse impacts due to the various construction activities aswell as during the occupation stage of the project. These water bodies were irrigationsources for the agricultural activity before the urbanization and the same are now illused, with sewage from the surrounding colonies joins into sewer lines. The proposalto discharge storm water into rainwater-harvesting structures, which would enhancethe ground water table and also reduce the runoff reaching the drains, the excessrunoff will joins into storm water drains and finally joins into sewer lines.

Alteration of DrainageThe rainfall in the area is in the range of 700 – 900 m/year, and the drainage pattern ofthe site is pinnate. The natural drainage of the site will be modified to facilitate the sitedevelopment. Increased runoff from the impervious surfaces like rooftop and roadswill add to the storm water quantity that drains from the site. Hence it is proposed toprovide storm water drain and rain water harvesting structures in the site to enhancethe ground water table and also reduce the runoff reaching the drains. Suitable crossdrainage structures are being designed to facilitate storm water movement. It isproposed to discharge the storm water runoff into the storm water drains. Thereby theexcess runoff if any due to the constructed areas will be compensated by thesestructures. During short bursts of high intensity rainfall the rainwater harvestingstructures would act as flow dissipaters, filter media and infiltration trenches.

However the urban runoff compared to the runoff without construction activity willdiffer significantly as pollutants from various sources also enter the drains, viz; vehicularpollution, lawn and garden maintenance, municipal maintenance, transportation spills,construction activity, runoff from driveways. These pollution sources may havesignificant negative impact on the receiving body if mitigation measures are notadopted.

Construction StageThe construction activity will mostly take place during non-monsoon season. To avoidsedimentation of storm water during rainy season the stockpiles of soil and othermaterials should be carefully planned. The construction activity will have significantimpact on the withdrawal of water from ground water sources.Occupation StageThe major negative impacts caused by project are the sewage followed by storm waterdisposal. The water requirement of the project will be drawn from the HMWSSB, whichaccepted to provide the water required for domestic purposes. During non-availabilityground water is proposed to be used for augmenting the supplies.

The sewage generated will have adverse impacts if disposed untreated. The adequacyof the system is observed to be sufficient, but the anthropogenic pressures ofurbanization are reducing the areas of tanks and disturbing the water shed systems,which needs to be addressed by the town planning authorities/HMDA. The sludge



generated from the treatment plant will either be used as manure within or outside thepremises.

The other major impact will be due to the increased run off and may have negativeimpact on the receiving body if the same is not properly managed. Impacts due tosurface runoff include increased soil erosion and local flooding or water logging. Hencethe project will be designed with adequate storm water drains and cross drainagestructures.

Increased Sediment and Degradation of Water QualityPre-construction and Construction StageThe degradation of water quality can occur during construction stage from increasedsediment load into watercourses near the construction site. This may be aggravated byremoval of trees and consequent increase in soil erosion. As soil in the study area iswith sand and gravel silt composition, the impacts due to the increased sediment loadwill be significant and need to be addressed for all water bodies along all the routes.

Degradation of water quality is also possible due to accidental discharges intowatercourses from drainage of workers’ camps and from spillage in vehicle parkingand/or fuel and lubricant storage areas.

Occupation PhaseDuring the operation phase, there is little chance of degradation of water quality duringnormal operations, as an STP will be provided for treating the wastewater and stormwater drains will be provided to carry the storm water.

Impact on Groundwater sourcesThere is minimal impact on the ground water as the water requirement duringoccupation is to be met from HMWSSB.

3.3.3 Land PhysiographyThe impact of project on physiography is a function of the terrain of the area. It is mostdrastically altered in case of hilly terrain or where extensive cut-and-fill operations areinvolved. The project area has a plain terrain and the design stage deliberations haveensured that the major contours are not disturbed and rocky part is kept forsubsequent development of green space. However the physiography impact will besignificant non reversible as the contours of the area will be disturbed. The cut and filloperations may cause air pollution, clogging of drains and solid waste for disposal. Thedesign stage has optimized the cut and fills operations and the excess cut material isminimum and the same shall be reused for the construction purposes.

SeismicityThe project site is located in Zone II. These are relatively stable areas. Projectconstruction in this area will have little impact on its overall earthquake potential sinceno major blasting is envisaged at the construction site.



Loss of productive soilPre-construction stageThe area of the project is non agricultural barren land and has been classified asresidential/commercial zone by TUDA. The present usage of land is barren and thedevelopment of the land will have a positive impact on the aesthetics.

Construction stageThe soils of the project site are clayey or clay loams, Soils in the project site may benegatively impacted due to the proposed project. The loss of productive topsoil due toconstruction is a direct adverse long-term impact. However the land usage at present isbarren and the project would have a positive impact during occupations stage.Mitigation measures are to be adopted for preservation of topsoil.

Occupation StageThe project will have a positive impact on the soils and soil quality as the project willhave greening program and the soils will be protected due to conservation.

Soil ErosionThe soil in the study area varies from clayey loam to Sandy loam. Therefore thepotential for erosion is low. Erosion will be exacerbated if the vegetation is removedfrom the site since roots are known to hold soil together. This will however be for theduration until the compensatory afforestation and roadside plantation have matured.It is not possible to construct projects without removing trees and disturbing thecontours. However, to prevent the eroded material from entering the watercourse, siltfencing can be provided at the end of ditches or cascade arrangements can be providedat the end of ditches as they enter the watercourse. While the former requires frequentcleaning to prevent built-up, the voids in the cascade will be filled up by erodedmaterial and eventually vegetation will be established there. No soil erosion isanticipated, as greening activity will mitigate soil erosion.

Compaction of soilPre-Construction StageCompaction of Soil will occur in the pre-construction stage (particularly during siteclearance stage) due to movement of heavy machinery and vehicles. Similarly,compaction will take place during setting up of stockyards. However, this is a shortduration impact. Appropriate measures need to be specified in the Environmentalmanagement plan to minimize the area of soil compaction.Construction StageMovement of vehicles during construction is the major cause of soil compaction. Thisimpact is direct and will be maximum in the paths, which may be planned forconversion into roads. It is necessary to ensure that there is no adverse impact of soilcompaction in areas other than the proposed roads, where vegetation can grow andrain infiltration will take place.

Occupation StageDuring the occupation stage, compaction will not occur, and the compaction if any willbe restricted to road ROW. And the road ROW compaction cannot be said to be an



impact of the occupation stage as the pavement itself is a function of compacted baseand sub base.

Contamination of SoilPre-Construction StageContamination of soil in the pre-construction stage may be considered as a short-termresidual negative impact. Soil contamination may take place due to solid wastecontamination from the construction workers set up during pre-construction stage.

Construction StageContamination of soil during construction stage is primarily due to construction andallied activities. The sites where construction vehicles are parked and serviced are likelyto be contaminated because of leakage or spillage of fuel and lubricants. Refuse andsolid waste from construction workers can also contaminate the soil. Contamination ofsoil during construction might be a major long-term residual negative impact.Unwarranted disposal of construction spoil and debris will add to soil contamination

Occupation StageDuring the occupation stage, soil pollution is a low probability incident.

Solid WastesSolid wastes of different variety are anticipated from the construction and occupationstages of the project. The Impacts of solid wastes if unmitigated could beenvironmentally disastrous and economically expensive to mitigate at a later stage.The solid wastes range from garbage from the construction workers during theconstruction to the sewage treatment plant sludge during the occupation stage. Thewastes anticipated and the impacts are tabulated in table 3.7.



Table 3.7 Solid Waste DetailsStage Type of Wastes Impacts

Construction Debris/construction wastes Soil contamination, storm waterflow obstruction

Packing Material Soil contaminationEmpty drums and carboys Soil contaminationSpillage of fuels/constructionmaterials/hazardous chemicals

Soil contamination leading tostorm water pollution

Sediment from stockpiles due torain water and wind erosion

Soil contamination, storm waterflow obstruction, downstreamwater body pollution

Wastes from Vehicle andequipment maintenance likeWaste oils, cleaning solvents, usedbatteries, used tyres

Soil contamination, storm waterpollution and some of theimpact could be irreversible.

Occupation Garbage Soil contamination leading toground water pollution overlong periods of time.

STP Sludge Soil contamination and groundwater pollution over longperiods of time if storedimproperly

Used Oils and batteries Soil contamination and stormdrain pollution

Spills and leakages Soil contamination and stormwater drain pollution

3.3.4 Consumption of Natural ResourcesThe proposed project requires number of construction materials, which are naturalresources. The resources required for construction include directly natural resourcelike sand, aggregate, water, gravel etc. The rough bill of quantities of materialsrequired for the project are presented in table 3.8.

Table 3.8 Material Consumption for Project

Land UseBUA perunit in(m2)

ReadyMix

Concrete(m3)

Cement(bags)

Sand(m3)

Aggregate(m3)

Water(m3)

Brick(Nos)

x1000

Reinforcement

steel (MT)

Total BUA 68096 27919 63329 26557 2928 16479 7899 1566Total 68096 27919 63329 26557 2928 16478 7899 1566

The source of various materials is presented in table 3.9



Table 3.9 Lead Distance for Construction Materials

S.No Material Source Lead Distance(Km)

1Sand ROBOSAND and or Krishna or

Godavari river bed areas permittedby Govt. of Andhra Pradesh

150 – 200

2 Aggregate With in the site 0 – 53 Cement Manufacturing units 100 – 1504 Reinforcement Steel SAIL/TATA god owns 5-105 Bricks Local suppliers/ Manufacturers 506 Plumbing Material Local suppliers 2 – 97 Electrical Material Local Suppliers 2 – 88 Sanitary Material Local suppliers 2 – 8

9 Flooring andPavement Tiles Manufacturers 50– 150

10 Paints Local Manufacturers 10 – 3011 Ready Mix Concrete Local Batch Plants 3 - 7

The material requirement during construction stage has both positive and negativeimpacts as the requirement of resources which are industrially produced will giveimpetus to industrial growth. While the unsustainable natural resources requirement ofsand will have negative impact at the mining areas. It is necessary that the sand istransported from the areas identified by Government of Andhra Pradesh. Themanmade resources like Cement, Steel, Bricks, Tiles would need minerals which areunsustainable, and yet the necessity of project development compensates the impacts.

3.3.5 NoiseThough the level of discomfort caused by noise is subjective, there is a definite increasein discomfort with an increase in noise levels. Hospital projects tend to cause noiseindirectly as the roads provided for connectivity would lead to increased noise levels.Road noise depends on factors such as traffic intensity, the type and condition of thevehicles plying on the road, acceleration/deceleration/gear changes by the vehiclesdepending on the level of congestion and smoothness of road surface (IRC: 104-1988).

The impacts on noise due to the project will be of significance in both the constructionas well as the occupation stages.

Pre Construction stageNoise levels during the pre construction stage are mostly expected to be indicative ofprevalent baseline levels apart from localized noise levels at locations where preconstruction stage activities are taking place such as establishment of constructionworkers, stockyards. These increased noise levels will prevail only for a short durationduring the pre construction stage.



Construction StageDue to the various construction activities, there will be temporary noise impacts in theimmediate vicinity of the project corridor. The construction activities will include theexcavation for foundations and grading of the site and the construction of structuresand facilities. Movement of heavy vehicles, loading, transportation and unloading ofconstruction materials produce significant noise during construction stage. The typicalnoise levels associated with the various construction activities and the variousconstruction equipments are presented in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 Typical noise levels of principal construction equipments(Noise Level in dB (A) at 50 Feet)

CLEARING STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTIONBulldozer 80 Crane 75-77Front end loader 72-84 Welding generator 71-82Jack hammer 81-98 Concrete mixer 74-88Crane with ball 75-87 Concrete pump 81-84

Concrete vibrator 76EXCAVATION & EARTH MOVING Air compressor 74-87Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic tools 81-98Backhoe 72-93 Bulldozer 80Front end loader 72-84 Cement and dump trucks 83-94Dump truck 83-94 Front end loader 72-84Jack hammer 81-98 Dump truck 83-94Scraper 80-93 Paver 86-88GRADING AND COMPACTING LANDSCAPING AND CLEAN-UPGrader 80-93 Bulldozer 80Roller 73-75 Backhoe 72-93

Truck 83-94PAVING Front end loader 72-84Paver 86-88 Dump truck 83-94Truck 83-94 Paver 86-88Tamper 74-77 Dump truck 83-94Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Noise From ConstructionEquipment and Operations. Building Equipment and Home Appliances. NJID.300.1. December 31. 1971

Though the noise levels presented for the various construction activities far exceed thepermissible standards, it is important to note that the construction noise is generallyintermittent and depends on the type of operation, location and function of theequipment. Proper mitigation measures as to regulate the timings of construction,employing noise protection measures etc. need to be worked out.

Occupation StageThe noise levels at various locations are monitored and the noise levels at the sitewould change due to occupation of the projects. There are no sensitive receptors within the immediate vicinity. The noise levels increase due to the project will be negligible



in the Project impact area, however the project site after occupation may have highernoise levels due to human activity, transport etc. The noise reduction levels due toconstruction materials and enclosures is presented in table 3.11.

Table 3.11 Noise reduction due to BarriersTable 1 TRANSIMISSION LOSS VALUE FOR COMMON BARRIER MATERIALS

MATERIAL THICKNESS,(inches)

TRANSIMISSIONLOSS, dBA (1)

WOODS

Fir½ 171 202 24

Pine½ 161 192 23

Red Wood½ 161 192 23

Cedar½ 151 182 22

Ply Wood ½ 201 23

Particle Board ½ 20METALS

Aluminum1/16 231/8 25¼ 27

Steel24 ga 1820 ga 2216 ga 15

Lead 1/16 28CONCRETE, MASONRY, etc

Light Concrete 4 366 39

Dense Concrete 4 40

Concrete Block 4 326 36

Cinder Block (Hollow Core) 6 28Brick 4 33Granite 4 40COMPOSITESAluminum faced plywood ¾ 21-23Aluminum faced particle Board Plastic ¾ 21-23Lamina on plywood plastic ¾ 21-23



Table 1 TRANSIMISSION LOSS VALUE FOR COMMON BARRIER MATERIALS

MATERIAL THICKNESS,(inches)

TRANSIMISSIONLOSS, dBA (1)

Lamina on particle Board ¾ 21-23MISCELLANEOUS

Glass (Safety glass) 1/8 22¼ 26

Plexiglass (Shatterproof) 22-25Masonite ½ 20Fiber glass/ Resin 1/8 20Stucco on Metal Lath 1 32Polyester with aggregate surface 3 20-30A weighted TL based on generalized truck spectrum.Source: Noise Barrier Design Handbook. FHWA.

Reference Noise LevelsThe vehicular noise emission levels significantly vary with vehicle speed. It is thereforenecessary that speed dependency of noise emissions for various categories of vehiclesbe taken into account while using the model for noise prediction due to the roadway. Inthis work the speed-noise relations presented by National Environmental EngineeringResearch Institute (NEERI) in their report on Environmental and Social Assessment Delhi- NOIDA Bridge Project have been adopted (Table 3.12).

Table 3.12 Speed-noise relationships for various motor vehicles

Speed (Kmph)Cars

(dB (A))Trucks & Buses

(dB (A))2/3 Wheelers

(dB (A))30 56.0 73.0 58.040 59.0 76.0 61.050 63.0 80.0 66.060 68.0 81.0 68.070 68.0 81.5 70.080 70.0 82.0 72.090 72.0 83.0 74.0

100 74.0 83.5 76.0

Traffic Volumes and SpeedThe traffic volumes within the site will be less as the expected number of vehiclesowned by the residents is in the range of 500 - 600. This will facilitate the additionaltransport due to the project. The connectivity improvement will enhance the airquality of the area in general, however the site area may be impacted with higher noiselevels.

3.3.6 Energy ConsumptionThe construction project of this scale will require energy from the grid of APTRANSCOfor construction activities and subsequent occupation stage. The energy consumption



from the APTRANSCO during construction activity would be limited pumps, motors andcompressors in the order of 50 KVA. While the consumption/requirement during theoccupation stage is presented in chapter 2. The energy requirement for the project alsoinvolves consumption of fuels for construction machinery, transport vehicles. Theimpacts of spillages and leakages of these fuels on soil are to be mitigated. The energyconsumption will have additional demand on the grid, which necessitates additionalproduction of energy. The energy requirement of Andhra Pradesh is mainly drawn fromthe Thermal power, and the power consumption reflects in additional pollutant releaseinto atmosphere. Though the impacts are not localized in the PIA the impacts can befelt elsewhere necessitating mitigation/energy conservation measures.

3.3.7 Energy EfficiencyThe energy efficiency of the buildings will depend on the building envelop, fenestrationand roof quality, reflecting in transmissivity of the building. The Energy conservationbuilding code for India are yet to be promulgated, and the energy efficiency principlesin vogue should be applied to ensure that the “U” and “R” values are within the limits.The failure of which may lead to higher consumption of energy, urban heat islandeffect. The design guidelines available today in India shall be strictly implemented.

3.3.8 Flora Plantations and GreeningThe principal impact on flora involves the clearing and grubbing activity. There are nomajor trees with a girth of more than 15 cm in the site. The area is denudated due toanthropogenic pressures, and the site is devoid of any major trees. The removal ofplants involves removal of small plants, shrubs only.

Pre Construction StageThe project has a significant, direct and long-term positive impact on the site as it isproposed to provide avenue plantation all along the internal roads and to provide agreen area. Most visible impact is the availability of shade, and will increase thecomfort levels for traffic and pedestrians. The plantation will take into considerationthe importance of native species and will be planted.

The micro-ecosystems supported by the trees are also a point of environmentalimportance. The plantation will enhance the aesthetics and improve ground watertable and reduce erosion. The project Impact Area has a reserve forest in Momanduruat a distance of 11.21 km which was denudated and monoculture plantation ofeucalyptus. The forest is recently revived to be made into a Botanical park. Thisproject will not have any significant impact on the Botanical Park due to the distance.The list of plants proposed for greening concept is presented in table.



List of Plants Proposed for GreeningS. No Plant Name

1 Anthocephalus Chinensis2 Roystonea Regia3 Tabebuia Rosea4 Bauhinea Blakeana5 Lagerstroemia Speciosa6 Delonix Regia7 Cassia Spectabilis8 Alstonia Scholaris9 Tabebuia Chrysantha

10 Kigelia Pinnata11 Fillicium Decipens12 Mimusops Elengi13 Ficus Benjamina14 Alstonia Scholaris15 Cassia Fictula

Construction StageThe project site is uneven with rocky out crops, hence it is necessary to reclaim the soilproperly, to prepare for plantation. Wherever the land area is rocky it is necessary toprovide a 2’ x 2’ x 2’ pit and fill it with excess top soil available. The plantation shouldbegin even before the construction activity, to enhance the greenery.

Occupation StageThe impacts on flora during the occupation stage can be due to the air pollutionassociated with traffic. Moreover, increased pollutant concentrations on roadsides willmean harsher conditions for the newly planted roadside trees. However the centralgreen proposed to preserve the natural contour and provide a lung space to the projectwill ensure better environment.

3.3.9 FaunaThe fauna in the urban areas of the city is limited domestic animals and other commonanimals. There are no endangered species in the project impact area including thebotanical park in Tirumala. However pet animals will have an impact on the stormwater drains as the same to address in concert with the project managementassociation, which would look after the house keeping.

3.3.10 Human Use Values Land AcquisitionThere is no requirement of land acquisition for this project.

Amenities and community facilitiesThere are very few amenities and community facilities proposed in the project. Theamenities include canteen and ancillary area, DG sets for emergency purpose, Sewage



treatment plant, and dust bins in every street for collection of road side litter. Theparking facility provided will cater to the need of the traffic/parking due to the project.

Change in land useThe development due to the Project will induce changes in the land use in the projectImpact area. However it must be mentioned that the area is already urbanized and thesurrounding lands are under various stages of development. There will be a positiveimpact on the landuse in the impacted area.

Cropping Pattern and Crop ProductivityThe proposed project is likely to bring in its wake, urbanization and change in land use.Although the spatial impact is likely to be insignificant, the impact will be irreversible innature.

Exploitation of Resource baseDevelopment of such vital infrastructure will lead to over exploitation of theenvironmental. While the medium term impacts may not be large enough to benoticed, the long-term implications of such depletion are potentially disastrous. Thesevere depletion of water resources in certain areas are likely if the expanded urbanareas continue to use bore wells for their domestic water supply.

3.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL/PROTECTED MONUMENTS AND OTHER CULTURAL PROPERTIESThere are no protected monuments or archeological monuments located within 300meters of the proposed site.

3.5 SOCIAL IMPACTSThere are no displacements of population for this project and the project is meant tomeet the growing demands for Hospitals of Tirupati. The project will have positive longterm social impacts as it will set an example in Hospital sector of the state whichprovide employment. The indirect benefits/impacts due to this project are immenseas the Hospital is known for its high wages and higher life styles.

3.6 INDUCED IMPACTSThe impacts of the proposed project will not be limited the direct impact discussedabove. The project will generate employment but also will put a additional burden onthe already loaded infrastructure of the city and the project area. The project wouldenhance the water quality in the watershed, as the treated water will be sent intosewer lines. And release of storm water into rainwater-harvesting structures, wouldindirectly help the recharging of the ground water table and also reduce the runoffreaching the drains, the excess runoff will joins into storm water drains and finally joinsinto sewer lines.



4.0 MITIGATION, AVOIDANCE AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

The chapter details out the measures incorporated during the project preparation stageto avoid and mitigate adverse impacts on the various environmental components. Theenhancement measures envisaged to increase the acceptance of the project by the hostpopulations are also described. The final section describes the management plans forthe implementation of the environmental provisions during and after construction.

4.1 Approach to Mitigation MeasuresThis chapter details the need for the project, description of the proposed project andalternatives, and identifies the valued ecosystem components. The project is envisagedto provide build to suit Hospital building in Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal,Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.

The project will be spread over an area of 5.8 hectares in Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4,308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B, 308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B,309/2, 309/3, 309/4, 309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11, 309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6, 310/12, 311/1, 311/2B, 311/5, 311/6, 311/9& 311/10, Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.The site is surrounded by open lands in all the directions except in west direction. A100 feet wide road west direction connecting towards Renigunta – Kadapa highway.The nearest railway station is the Renigunta railway Station at a distance of 3.2 km.

The development of the project has a number of positive long term impacts and it isimperative that a development of this magnitude will have certain negative impactswhich are spatially limited to the site, municipal authority and or the widerenvironment. These impacts can be seen during preconstruction, construction andoccupation stages. Though conscious efforts have been made to minimise the impactsof environmental and social components, certain adverse impacts have been inevitable.

The development of procedures for mitigation as well as avoidance of adverse impactsof the proposed project development has been an iterative process. There has beencontinued interaction between the design and environmental teams to arrive atmeasures acceptable to both sides. The avoidance and mitigation of negative impactsinvolve reduction in magnitude of the adverse impacts during various stages of theproject through:

a. Alterations during design, site clearance, construction and operation stages of theproject to avoid adverse impacts, andb. Additional mitigation measures for unavoidable negative impacts on theenvironmental components.

These measures were incorporated into the various stages of the project. Based ontheir applicability, both general and case specific measures were incorporated asfollows:

Standard: The ‘Standard designs’ of Hospitals, amenities, etc were arrived at afterdetailed deliberations between the architects and the Environment teams based on thetown planning regulations.



General measures: To avoid or mitigate impacts on environmental components, generalmitigation measures were identified based on the characteristic features.

Generic: For various typologies, enhancement designs were prepared at a generic levelso that they could be applied to locations selected by the architects and supervisingconsultants in consultation with the designs and the working drawings forimplementation.

The project designs were finalised after due deliberations between the architects, IALAand various consultants. The deliberations covered not only the environmental aspectsbut also the projected growth of the city, infrastructure development and relevantissues. The designs thus finalised are not only environment friendly and have resourceconservation as an objective.

The avoidance of adverse impacts on the environmental components of the projectimpact area is given first preference over commercial benefit. Thus the designsidentified are tentative, as the town planning authority is yet to approve the same.

4.2 Avoidance and Mitigation MeasuresThe avoidance and mitigation measures are discussed in the same order as impactsidentified in Chapter 4 where impacts have been assessed for each of theenvironmental components.

4.2.1 Meteorological ParametersThe mitigation measures suggested to avoid or mitigate the urban heat island effect isto provide a lot of unpaved area which will ensure the reflectivity of the site area.However the construction project envisages construction in approximately half of thearea and may lead to a slight increase in temperatures in the surrounding areas. Themitigation measures identified are cool roofs for the blocks and cool pavements in theopen area.

Cool RoofThe cool roof materials have two important properties; high solar reflectance or Albedoand high thermal emittance. Solar reflectance and thermal emittance have noticeableeffects on temperature. Conventional roof surfaces have low reflectance (0.05 to 0.25)and high thermal emittance (typically over 80%) and heat up to 150 to 190°F (66 to88°C) at midday during the summer. Bare metal or metallic surfaced roofs have highsolar reflectance (0.5 or higher) and may have low thermal emittance (20 to 60%,depending on their surface treatment) and warm to 140 to 170°F (60 to 77°C). Coolroofs with both high reflectance and high emittance warm to only 100 to 120°F (38 to49°C) in the summer sun.

Most cool roof applications have a smooth, bright white surface to reflect solarradiation, reduce heat transfer to the interior, and save on summer time airconditioning. These properties also can extend the life span of a roof. By limiting thequantity of absorbed solar energy, damage from ultraviolet radiation and dailytemperature fluctuations – which cause repeated contraction and expansion – can bereduced. The albedo values of various roof materials are presented in fig. 4.1.



Fig. 4.1 Albedo values of various types of roof material

The colour choice of the exteriors and the roof would be based on the albedo of thematerial.

Trees and VegetationPlanting trees and vegetation is a simple and effective way to reduce heat islands.Widespread planting in a city can decrease local surface and air temperatures. Strategicplanting around homes and buildings directly cools the interior of Hospital buildings,decreasing air conditioning costs and peak energy demand.

Trees and vegetation cool the air by providing shade and through evapotranspiration(the evaporation of water from leaves). Shade reduces the amount of solar radiationtransmitted to underlying surfaces, keeping them cool. Shaded walls may be 9 to 36°F(5° to 20°C) cooler than the peak surface temperatures of unshaded surfaces. Thesecooler walls decrease the quantity of heat transmitted to buildings, thus lowering airconditioning cooling costs. Cooler surfaces also lessen the heat island effect by reducingheat transfer to the surrounding air.

Another way trees and vegetation cool the air is by absorbing water through their rootsand evaporating it through leaf pores. This process uses heat from the air to convertwater contained in the vegetation into water vapour. A mature tree with a 30-footcrown transpires approximately 151.41 liters of water per day. Evapotranspirationalone can result in peak summer temperature reductions of 2 to 9°F (1° to 5°C). Whilethis process reduces air temperatures, it does add moisture to the air. The positivecooling effect of vegetation usually outweighs any undesirable gains in humidity. TheU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service estimates that every 1% increase incanopy cover results in maximum mid-day air temperature reductions of 0.07 to 0.36°F(0.04° to 0.2°C).

To shade from summer sun, plant deciduous trees to the west, southwest, southeast,and east of a building. Special care should be given to trees planted directly to the



south. These trees may not provide much shade in the summer, when the sun is high inthe sky, and may block desired wintertime sun, when the sun is low in the sky.

Deciduous trees work well, as they balance energy requirements over the course of ayear. In summer, foliage cools buildings by blocking solar radiation. In winter, after theleaves have fallen, the sun's energy passes through trees and helps to warm buildings.If there is not enough space for trees, grow vines on a vertical or horizontal trellis toshade the west and east windows and walls of buildings.

These suggestions will be given to the occupier and the project authorities shall assistthe employees.

4.2.2 Natural and Biophysical environment

4.2.2.1 AirThe impacts identified with respect to the air quality during the construction of theproject are temporary, and the impacts identified during occupation stage areirreversible and the same must be mitigated to ensure a better air quality in the projectsite area and the surroundings.

Generation of Dust

Pre Construction & Construction StagesDust will be generated from transport, construction, and utility operations. Themitigative measure proposed is water sprinkling of the roads, and covered constructionactivity so as to ensure the dust does not fly. The road condition is a major cause ofthe dust and permanent black top roads will be provided as far as possible in theconstruction area. Exposure of labour and employees during construction will bemitigated by provision of facemasks to employees at dust generating sources.

All precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the construction equipmentsand other transportation of materials will be taken up including Vehicles deliveringloose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered with tarpaulin toreduce spills on existing roads. Water will be sprayed on earthworks, temporaryhaulage and detour roads on a regular basis. During and after compaction of the sub-grade, water will be sprayed at regular intervals to prevent dust generation.

Occupation StageNo dust generation is envisaged during the occupation stage as the area will havegreenery and all roads shall be paved and all slopes & embankments shall be turfed asper best engineering practices.

Generation of Exhaust GasesPre Construction & Construction StagesThe best mitigation measure proposed to be adopted by the project authorities is toensure that all the vehicles in the premises and all the transportation vehicles from outside would be insisted on Pollution under control certificate from RTA. The othersources of exhaust gases i.e., heavy construction machinery etc. will have proactivemaintenance to ensure they do not cause both excess exhaust gas Generation and



noise. The DG sets that are required to supply power to the electrical implements of theconstruction would be provided with enclosure and a stack with effective height asprescribed by CPCB. This will ensure effective dispersion of air pollutants.

Occupation StageThe mitigation measure proposed is the same, as the construction stage mitigationmeasure to ensure that all the vehicles that enter this gated community should havepollution under control certificate. The DG sets shall be provided with the stack whichis enclosed and has a stack height as prescribed by the CPCB. The effective stack heightcalculations are presented below; the emissions from the restaurant are unavoidable,as the source of emissions is essential. However the mitigation of these emissionscould be adopted by way of a kitchen chimney. The heat generated by essentially thehospital equipment in the building may lead to additional load on the HVAC system.Indoor pollution may be abated by the provision of HVAC system, which will filter theout door air and reduce the temperature. The indoor air quality would also be affectedby human activity like breathing, smoking etc.

Indoor Air QualityThe indoor air pollution shall be avoided/mitigated by adopting various measuresduring the design stage. The strategies proposed for indoor air pollution control are;source control, Ventilation, Air Cleaning and Exposure control.

The following are the important measures of source control; prohibit smoking indoorsor limit smoking to areas from which air is exhausted, not recirculated. Relocatecontaminant-producing equipment to an unoccupied, better ventilated, or exhaust-onlyventilated space, seal surfaces of building materials that emit VOCs such asformaldehyde, improve storage of materials that produce contaminants.

.Ventilation can be used to control indoor air contaminants by diluting contaminantswith out side air by way of increasing the number of air changes, improving distributionof air. Air cleaning shall be done at the HVAC system to ensure air supplied in side doesnot contain any contaminant/dust. Exposure control shall be achieved by isolatingemission producing activity and also by informing the susceptible individuals beforehand or relocating them.

4.3. Water ResourcesWater resources are necessary for both construction and occupation stage. Therequirement for construction phase will be from treated sewage from existing phaseand for occupation to be drawn from Tirupati Municipality. The resource conservation,resource reuse is the major mitigation measures proposed. The mitigation andavoidance measures are discussed as follows;

Alteration of DrainageThe drainage alteration is unavoidable as the present drainage which is natural has tobe altered during cut and fill operations and to ensure optimisation of land use. Themitigative measure proposed is to provide storm water drain system (600mm wide withperforated precast slabs) that can carry all the rain water that is anticipated due to



impervious surface and increased runoff. The storm water drain would also ensure thatthe sedimentation does not occur as rainwater harvesting structures will also help incontrolling the sedimentation. The rainwater harvesting system proposed wouldenhance the water retention and increase the water table. The drainage would in effectreduce the runoff and increase the percolation. Based on the catchment area, potentialinflows and rainfall intensity determine the drain size so as to minimize damageresulting from high intensity storms. Energy dissipaters such as drop structures will beprovided along the channel where runoff velocities may become excessive. The buildingshall be provided with rainwater harvesting structures/ Soakpits and will be located atdownspouts in the plot area.

Rainwater Harvesting:The quantity of rainwater, which can be harvested, depends upon the annual rainfall,the area of the plot (catchment area) and soil characteristics. The amount of waterinfiltrated into soil varies with the condition of soil surface and the moisture content ofthe soil at the time of rainfall. The total amount of water infiltered depends on theinfiltration opportunity time, which depends mainly on the slope of the land and thefield structure like contour bunds, terraces and other structures, which tend to hold therunoff water over long periods on the land surface.

1. Rainwater Harvesting Pits

2. Harvesting by sumps

Roof top water shall be used for domestic purpose/landscaping after filtration &disinfection.

Construction StageThe natural drains will not be obstructed during construction activity and the stockpilesof material will be away from natural drains. The stockpiles will be provided withsediment traps to ensure no sediment from the material joins the storm water.

Occupation StageUrban runoff significantly varies from natural runoff in the rural areas as the drainagesare violated by way of washings, leaves and other matter. The avoidance measure is toensure that wastes are sent to solid waste and drains maintained properly every premonsoon season. The storm water is let out into the Storm water drain provided bymunicipality.

Increased Sediment and Degradation of Water QualityPre-construction and Construction StageThe water quality may get affected if mitigation measures are not adopted to reducesediment joining the runoff. The mitigation measures proposed to ensure thatsediment does not reach the drains is by way locating the stockpiles of materials awayfrom the drains, by providing the stockpiles with filter fences, and by ensuring that theconstruction activity generating dust is conducted during non monsoon season. Themitigation measure proposed to ensure that sewage does not enter the water course isby the provision of septic tank and soak pit for the sewage collection. The vehicleparking and storage of hazardous materials will be kept away from the natural drains.



Occupation PhaseDuring the operation phase, the storm water drains will be maintained before themonsoon, and vehicle washings would not be allowed to join the drains. The rainwaterharvesting structures provided would act as a filter and ensures sediment does notreach the water bodies.

Impact on Groundwater sourcesGround water drawl (it’s a marginal quantity) for the purpose of construction will nothave any major impact as the quantity of water drawn is supposed to be drawn in caseof shortage of water from Tirupati Municipality. It is also proposed to restrict theground water usage only for augmenting the supply of water. The impetus that thisproject plays in increasing the urbanization may lead excess water withdrawal and theconcerned authorities should ensure that sufficient resources are available beforepermitting the expansion of urbanization.

Water ConservationWater usage during occupation phase in the project would be mainly for personalhygiene, washing and greening purposes. Water conservation measures proposed forthe project which will mitigate the impacts due to exploitation of the natural resourceof water is as follows; Recycling: All the blocks in the building will be provided withtreated water recycling for flushing purposes which will recycle about 20 l/head/day.The savings in water requirement is in the order of 40 Kl/day. The water consumption inthe flush system will be reduced by provision of flush systems which have regulatorsand with a capacity of 8 l/flush. It is proposed to provide faucets with half turn valves,and foam flow water saving aerators.

4.4. Land

4.4.1 PhysiographyDesign and Construction stageThe mitigation measures proposed to maintain the physiographic undisturbed orimpacted to the minimum is to maintain the contour levels and to keep the highercontour levels undisturbed. The mitigation measure proposed for reducing the airpollution during cut and fill operation is to use machinery and tippers which havepollution under control certificate, using water sprinkling of he cut and fill areas, andensure that natural drainage is not filled with cut material.

Occupation stageThe change in the physiography of the project site is enhanced by greening program ofthe area.

4.4.2 SeismicityAll the design of the structures considers the seismicity of the area and the constructionwill be earthquake proof.



4.4.3 Loss of productive soilPre-construction stageThe area of the project is non agricultural barren land with rocky terrain and has beenclassified as IT zone by the government. The land is acquired by M/s. Amara Raja InfraPvt. Ltd., and there is no productive use of the land at present. The denudation ofplants and trees due to anthropogenic pressures lead to erosion and loss of productivesoil.

Construction stageWhere ever topsoil is removed during cut operations and during the foundationearthwork it will be stockpiled separately and spread on the surface after the cutoperation. The topsoil from the earth works of the foundation would be used in therocky area, so that productive soil would be available for future greening. Thestockpiling will be done in slopes of 2:1, to reduce surface runoff and enhancepercolation through the mass of stored soil. The stored topsoil will be spread back tomaintain the physico-chemical and biological activity of the soil. The stored topsoil willbe utilized for:

Covering all disturbed areas including for the redevelopment of cut areas. Top dressingof the road embankments and fill slopes. Filling up of tree pits, proposed as part ofgreening.

Occupation StageThe soil during the occupation stage would have been either covered with greening andor pervious/impervious surface. This cover would ensure that soil is not lost due towind erosion, sedimentation etc. Suitable measures will be adopted to ensure that theslopes and embankments are turfed.

4.4.4 Soil ErosionDesign and Construction stageThe soil in the study area varies from clayey loam to loam. Therefore the potential forerosion is high. Hence it is proposed to provide silt fencing and cascade arrangementsin the slopes during construction to ensure soil is not eroded and the sediment/silt doesnot join watercourses. While the former requires frequent cleaning to prevent built-up,the voids in the cascade will be filled up by eroded material and eventually vegetationwill be established there.

The following mitigation measures are proposed to reduce erosion,a. Construction activity is scheduled to non monsoon seasons,b. Minimize exposed area: by grading only one part of a construction site at a time,c. Protect disturbed soil: from rainfall by preserving as much natural cover,

topography and drainage as possible during construction,d. Stabilize disturbed slopes as promptly as possible and use recommended plant

cover and mulches to establish protective land cover,e. Control surface runoff: to reduce erosion by directing flowing water away from

critical areas and by reducing runoff velocity, diversion structures –such asterraces, dykes and ditches- collect and divert runoff water around vulnerableareas to prepared drainage outlets,



f. Contain the sediment: when conditions are too extreme for treatment by onlysurface protection. Temporary sediment traps, filter fences, inlet protectors,vegetative filters and buffers, or settling basins detain runoff water long enoughfor the sediment particles to settle out.

Occupation StageNo soil erosion is anticipated, as greening activity will mitigate soil erosion. This willhowever be for the duration until the compensatory afforestation and roadsideplantation have matured. To check soil erosion on critical road embankment slopesturfing with grasses and shrubs will be carried out, in accordance with therecommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control

4.4.5 Compaction of soilPre-Construction StageThe construction camp and stockyards can be located in areas which are rocky withsheet rock outcrops. Suitable areas will be identified by the site engineer.

Construction StageThe mitigation measure proposed to avoid soil compaction is to provide the future roadcourses as the roads during construction stages. The areas which are meant forgreening should be ploughed during monsoon season to mitigate the impact of soilcompaction.

Occupation StageThe compaction of soil during occupation stage is unlikely in the building area exceptroads; the soil would be maintained by the management authority to grow plantationshence soil would be conditioned by them periodically.

4.4.6 Contamination of SoilDesign StageThe solid waste/garbage from the construction site will be sent to municipal garbagebins, from where it is send to Jawaharnagar Garbage disposal centre.

Construction StageProactive maintenance will be scheduled periodically for all the transport vehicles andequipment to reduce spillages and leakages. Vehicles are not allowed to be washed inthe site. Mixing plant and other equipments shall be located at areas which are awayfrom residential areas and on land which has exposed sheet rock. Construction debris ofRCC will be used as sub grade in road construction. The construction debris which isrecyclable will be collected and stored at designated locations to be sold to recyclers.The storage locations are ensured to be away from natural drains.

Occupation StageThe mitigation measure would be to provide a disincentive for unauthorized garbagedumping and accidental spills or leaks if any would be plugged immediately throughperiodic maintenance.



4.5 Consumption of Natural ResourcesThe proposed project requires number of construction materials which are naturalresources. The resources required for construction include directly natural resource likesand, aggregate, water, gravel etc. The avoidance measures adopted will be to restrictthe levelling activity to match with the excess cut materials available. The excess cut willbe used for aggregate requirement. The material requirement of sand may be replacedwith robosand wherever possible. The mitigation measures to be adopted areessentially avoidance of purchase of excess materials and to use the principle of just intime, and to account for all the resources and minimize the wastage. Bricks shall bepurchased from kilns that are using coal ash. Recycled steel shall be used whereverfeasible. The wastage of material on site during construction shall be minimized byadopting resource conservation measures.

4.6 Noise LevelsDesign StageThe noise causing construction activity shall be taken up during daytime. The activityadjacent to the major roads will be restricted to commercial and other construction.

Construction StageThe plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noisestandards. Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Duringroutine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked andif found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any item of plants(measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such ascompactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall notexceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.

The construction activity within 150m of the nearest habitation, noisy constructionwork such as concrete mixing will be restricted to daytime and there will not be anyconstruction during the night-time between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. To protectconstruction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrialenterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with PersonalProtective Equipment (PPE).

Occupation StageThe building area and area adjacent to the road will be checked for noise levels andbased on the results additional mitigation measures will be taken up like double glazingof windows if necessary.

4 .7 Energy ConsumptionThe construction project of this scale will require energy from the grid of APTRANSCOfor construction activities and subsequent occupation stage. The energy consumptionfrom the APTRANSCO during construction activity would be limited pumps, motors andcompressors in the order of 50 KVA. While the consumption/requirement during theoccupation stage is presented in chapter 2. The energy requirement for the project alsoinvolves consumption of fuels for construction machinery, transport vehicles. Theenergy requirement of Andhra Pradesh is mainly drawn from the Thermal power, and



the power consumption reflects in additional pollutant release into atmosphere.Though the impacts are not localized in the PIA the impacts can be felt elsewherenecessitating mitigation/energy conservation measures.

4.7.1 Energy ConservationEnergy conservation is incorporated in the design stage to ensure reduction in energyconsumption and also enhance the mitigation effects on the heat island effect. Themitigation measures proposed are Building management system where all the electricalutilities are maintained under standard protocols and are connected to PLC controls.Compact Fluorescent lamp usage and setting the Air conditioning temperature at 23 oCare the major mitigation measures which will optimise the energy consumption.

4.8 Flora

Design StageThere are no major plants or trees within the site area. The plantation shall be takenup during the design stage wherever the residential area is not proposed. Typicallandscape plans have been prepared for plantation. Native species are proposed to beplanted.

Construction StageSoil development of areas of greening area shall be taken up during construction stage.No tree needs to be removed in the zone of construction. Construction vehicles,machinery and equipment will move or be stationed in the designated area onlypreferably in the proposed internal road areas, to prevent compaction of soil.

Occupation StageThe management will guide and advised to take up greening of open space as measureof reducing the heat island effect, and individual plans for greening of these plots willbe prepared.

Green Area: There is a central green area which is an open space as per the townplanning regulations. The central green area will have lawns, hedges, shrubs and treesalong with water bodies.

4.9 FaunaConstruction StageAll construction activities will be carried out in such a fashion that the damage anddisruption to fauna will be minimum.

Operation StageAlthough no impacts on fauna in operation stage are anticipated directly due to theproject, certain measures shall be taken. Animals will not be allowed in the siteespecially during construction.

Occupation StageThe management shall take all measures to enhance greening while in occupationstage.



4.10 Human Use ValuesAmenities and community facilitiesThere are very few amenities and community facilities proposed within the project.The amenities include green area, DG sets for emergency purpose, internal roads andSewage treatment plant. The parking facility provided will cater to the need of thetraffic due to the project. The connectivity to this site will be excellent with the existingtransport network of roads and availability of public.

Change in land useThe development due to the Project will induce positive changes in the land use in theproject Impact area. However it must be mentioned that the area is already urbanizedand the surrounding lands are under various stages of development. There will be apositive impact on the land use in the impacted area.

Cropping Pattern and Crop ProductivityThe proposed project will likely to have no negative impact on the cropping as the areaimmediate vicinity is for infrastructure and no farming. Although the spatial impact islikely to be insignificant, the impact will be irreversible in nature.

Exploitation of Resource baseDevelopment of such vital infrastructure will lead to over exploitation of theenvironmental. While the medium term impacts may not be large enough to benoticed, the long-term implications of such depletion are potentially disastrous. Thesevere depletion of water resources in certain areas are likely if the expanded urbanareas continue to use bore wells for their domestic water supply.

4.11 Safe Construction PracticesSafe construction practices shall be adopted to ensure compliance with the buildingconstruction act 1996. The construction employees will be provided with personalprotective equipment like gumboots, goggles, helmets, and facemasks depending onthe requirement and nature of work. The employees will be educated about resourceconservation and environmental protection and encouraged to advise and suggest safermethods of construction and environmental protection measures.



5.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The project is envisaged to provide build to suit Hospital building in KarakambadiVillage, Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.

5.1 PROJECT DETAILSThe project will be spread over an area of 5.8 hectares in Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4,308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B, 308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B,309/2, 309/3, 309/4, 309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11, 309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6, 310/12, 311/1, 311/2B, 311/5, 311/6, 311/9& 311/10, Karakambadi Village, Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh.The site is surrounded by open lands in all the directions except in west direction. A100 feet wide road west direction connecting towards Renigunta – Kadapa highway.The nearest railway station is the Renigunta railway Station at a distance of 3.2 km.

The project is proposed to built Hospital building typically contain acute care hospitals,long term acute care hospitals, speciality hospitals. The land allocation will be optimizedto ensure compliance with the FAR regulations of TUDA. The water requirement of theproject during operation will be drawn from Tirupati Municipality. Sewage treatmentplant will be provided to treat the wastewater. Water conservation measures will beincorporated in the plumbing designs. Water recycling/reuse will be adopted by way ofusing treated sewage for toilet flush systems and green belt development. The treatedeffluent and storm water will be let-out into the storm water drain, which will join thedrains. The required power will be drawn from the APTRANSCO and the energyrequirement will be optimized by adopting energy efficient design for lighting and forHVAC systems. Construction materials will be drawn from local sources. The parkingprovision exceeds the guidelines prescribed by FAR and Building policy of AndhraPradesh.

5.2 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EISAn EIS was conducted and the major findings of the EIS study are presented below;

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Impact on Physical ResourcesConstruction of proposed project requires huge quantities of natural resources likesand, sub grade and aggregate, and materials produced from natural resources likebricks, cement and steel. The material shall be drawn from local sources, and the leaddistances range from 2 – 250 km. The impacts on physical resources of sand will beirreversible. While bricks will be brought from kilns which use Coal ash. The materialrequirement of steel, cement etc. will be purchased from manufacturers within state.Hence, no major impacts on physical resources as regards the availability andprocurement of construction material are anticipated due to the project.

Impacts on Air QualityImpacts on air quality during construction stage are likely to be due to operation ofconstruction yards, material transport on trucks and fugitive emissions from theconstruction sites. The model results for occupation stage show slight increase in the air



quality and the results are within the prescribed limits. Mitigation measures requiredfor offsetting the air quality impacts is presented in the Table 5.1, EnvironmentalManagement and Action Plan.

Impacts on Noise QualityImpacts on noise quality during construction stage will be significant. Hence theconstruction near the habitation is proposed only during daytime. The impacts duringoccupation stage will be mainly due to the volume of traffic generated due to theexistence of the project. Construction workers will be provided with protectionequipment to guard against the noise impacts. Noise mitigating measures will besuggested for construction equipment and DG sets.

Impact on FloraThe project site and its surroundings do not form a habitat to any endangered flora.There are no trees within & in vicinity of the project site due to anthropogenicpressures. The project will enhance the aesthetics of the site due to the provision ofavenue plantation. This would ensure minimum impact on flora.

Impact on FaunaAs there are no endangered species of wild life in and around the project site, it is likelyto have minimal impact. The avifauna will find abode on the trees proposed to beplanted. This would enhance the aesthetics of the area.

Impact on Land useThere is no land acquisition for this project. However the topography of the land beingrocky plains involves cut and fill operation where there is an excess cut. The cutmaterial is proposed to be used for aggregate requirement in construction. Erosion andsedimentation are impacts anticipated during construction. Mitigation measures shallbe adopted to avoid the same. The area development would increase thecommercial/housing activity in the surroundings, which is a positive impact, as barrenlands will be used for productive usage, and the negative impacts will be pressure onthe infrastructure facilities.

Impact on Surface Water ResourcesThe degradation of water quality can occur during construction phase from increasedsediment load into watercourses near the construction site. Suitable mitigationmeasures proposed, as part of the EMP will ensure that the residual impacts areminimal. Storm water runoff would increase due to the increase in impervious surface,and rainwater harvesting structures will be provided as mitigation measure. The designof the storm water drain will consider the additional runoff. The storm water will be letout into the storm water drain.

Impact on Ground Water ResourcesGround water shall be drawn during construction only in case of shortage, and will beused to augment the municipal supply during non-monsoon season if necessary.Exploitation of ground water will have a minor impact, but the same shall be restrictedto ensure resource conservation. This impact will be marginal, as the ground water willnot be drawn continuously.



Impact on InfrastructureThe infrastructure of communication available at present is saturated; the proposedhospital will have additional burden on the already semi-saturated infrastructure of thearea. The additional requirement of power would increase the pressure on theelectrical infrastructure and requires additional power generation in the overall context.Development of such vital infrastructure will lead to over exploitation of theenvironment. While the medium term impacts may not be large enough to be noticed,the long-term implications of such depletion are potentially disastrous.

Impact on Human Use ValuesThe dominant land use in the area is for Hospitals, other business institutions etc. Theimpact on Human use values is marginal. The development due to the Project willinduce changes in the land use in the project Impact area. A positive impact ispredicted on the human use values in the project area.

Impact on Socio Economic StatusThe development of the project shall provide additional space for the proposedHospital units which generate direct and indirect employment. While the directemployment may not be area specific, the benefits of indirect employment wouldnormally accrue to the local areas.

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSEDA description of the various management measures during the various stages of theproject is provided in the following sections.

5.4.1 Pre-construction stageDuring the design and preconstruction stage the management proposes to comply withthe regulations of town planning, explore the availability of sufficient resources, provideplantation and sink bore wells after obtaining the necessary permission.

5.4.2 Construction stageThis will be the most crucial and active stage for the Environment Management Plan. Inaddition to the monitoring of the construction activity itself to the pollution levelswithin permissible limits, mitigation and enhancement measures for water resourceswill go on simultaneously as the construction progresses. To facilitate implementationof the enhancement and mitigation measures suggested, working drawings of the samewould be prepared after completion of detailed project report. In addition, the needfor a balanced evaluation and planning for risks associated with construction activitiesrelated to project will be part of the supervising contractor’s responsibility. Theresource conservation by way of identification of materials and construction debrisrecycle/disposal will be formulated by the supervising consultants. The responsibility ofenvironment management plan lies with the project authorities that would implementthe plan in consultation with other consultants, by including appropriate provisions inthe contract/sub contract documents and providing the necessary facilities.

5.4.3 Operation stageThe environment management plan will be implemented by M/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt.Ltd., management, and while the management plan related to the utilities like roads,



street lighting and common open spaces lies with the Tirupati Municipality. Themanagement in operation stage will essentially entail maintenance of sewagetreatment plant, maintenance of utilities, and monitoring activity in the project site.Monitoring for pollutants specified in the Monitoring Plan will serve the two purposes.In addition to checking the efficacy of the protection/mitigation/enhancementmeasures implemented, this will help verify or refute the predictions made as a part ofthe impact assessment. Thus, it will complete a very important feedback loop for theproject.

The measures adopted and/or to be adopted during different stages of the project havebeen detailed in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Environmental Management Plan and Action PlanEnvironmentalIssues/Impacts

Enhancement/ MitigationMeasures Management Action

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASEThe layout design shall beon the basis of townplanning rules of TUDA.

Following the FSI prescribedand or reducing the FSI.

Provision of additional parkingEnhancement of open spacearea into a park.

Provision of avenueplantation.

Provision of storm waterdrains, for infiltration,filtration, flow dissipation andsediment control.

Provision for disposal of stormwater and treatedwastewater.

Consultants for variousactivities are identified andmandate given to identifyenvironmentally soundpractices and resourceconservation measures.

CONSTRUCTION PHASEDust generation due toconstruction activities.

Roads in the constructionarea will be sprinkled withwater to reduce the raising ofdust.

Plantation taken up at initialstage.

Plantation to be ensured Horticulturists to identifythe species.

Supervisingconsultants/contractor toensure the water sprinkling

Exhaust gases from heavymachinery andtransportation of materials

Vehicle and equipmentmaintenance.

PUC for all transport vehicles. Avoidance of idling ofequipment.

Contractors to be educatedand supervising consultantto ensure the same.

Sedimentation of stormwater during rainy season

Avoiding stockpiles ofmaterials near natural drains.

Architects, in consultationwith Supervisionconsultants should identify



EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts


Provision of filter fenceProvision of storm waterdrains wherever possiblebefore the beginning ofconstruction.

the measures needed.

Sewage transfer Lead bearing piping to beavoided

Project authorities andplumbing consultant incoordination with theSupervision consultantshould implement thesame.

Sewage Treatment Sewage to be treated in theSTP and reused/disposed.

STP shall be provided by theproject authorities andensured that the design ofSTP is optimised to meetthe prescribed standardswith energy efficiency.

Alteration of Drainage Storm water drains to followthe natural course as far aspossible.

Storm water drains to have aminimum water velocity of 1m/s and a maximum 3 m/s.

Minimum width of 0.6 metersand depth based on thegradient.

Provision of rainwaterharvesting structures.

Architects in consultationwith sanitary engineeringconsultants.

Supervision consultant toensure the same.

Ground water drawl Water conservation measuresduring construction.

Sub contractors to beeducated on waterconservation measures.

Loss of productive soil The site area is rocky. Topsoilto be stock piled separatelywith 1:2 slope and reused forgreening purpose.

Supervision consultant toensure the same inconsultation withhorticulturist and architect.

Soil Erosion Cut and fill operation to bedone during non-monsoonseason.

Silt fence to ensure silt doesnot enter storm water drains.

Side slopes will be keptflatter wherever possible, andin case of steeper slopes it is

Supervision consultant toensure the same inconsultation with projectauthorities.





mulched.Compaction of Soil Movement of construction

vehicles preferably in theproposed road areas.

Heavy vehicle movementrestricted in central greenarea.

Ploughing the area afterconstruction.

Architects to identify theroad areas.

Contamination of Soil Vehicle washing andmachinery washing to beavoided in site.

Parking of vehicles andmaintenance of vehicles to beavoided in site.

Disposal of solid wastes byconstruction camps to bemade in garbage bins only.

Accidental Leakage andspillage of fuels and otherconstruction materials to becontrolled by providing roadsigns and covered trucks.

Subcontractors andProject authorities shouldensure.

Designate the parking areasProvision of Garbage bin byproject authorities andarrangements to be fordisposal of the same.

Natural Resourceconsumption

Identify sand availability fromgovernment authorisedlocations.

Identify and use bricks fromcoal ash users.

Aggregate to be made fromthe excess materials of cutoperations.

Identify and use recycled steelwherever possible.

Proper availability of drinkingwater and sanitation facilities.

The design team inconsultation with projectauthorities and supervisionconsultants must identifythe suppliers.

Damage to services runningparallel or across the siteduring construction leadingto interruption in supply

Relocation of any potentiallyaffected services prior to com-mencement of anyconstruction works

Contractors to be responsiblefor identifying andsafeguarding services adjacentto works and for com-

Potentially affected servicesidentified in design stage.

Service undertakers to benotified for relocation andnecessary programming toavoid construction delays(incl. payments).

Relocation works to be





pensating statutoryundertakers for any accidentaldamage to such services.

completed by statutoryundertakers beforeconstruction works precedein accordance with anagreed programme.

Inclusion of appropriateclauses in constructioncontracts; monitoring ofcompliance duringconstruction and proper ad-ministration of contracts.

Fire Prevention Adopt safe work practice andhave adequate fire fighting fa-cilities.

Provision of adequate firefighting equipment

Noise Pollution from heavymachinery, andtransportation.

Noise causing activities nearresidential areas to beconducted during daytime.

Maintenance of equipmentand vehicles to mitigate noisegeneration.

Inclusion of appropriateclauses in constructioncontracts; monitoring ofcompliance duringconstruction and proper ad-ministration of contracts.

Pressures on Infrastructure Identification of alternativeroutes for transport ofmaterials from outside the sitepreferably using inner ringroad.

Transport of materials duringnon-peak hours.

Installing ElectricalTransformer if necessarybased on APTRANSCO adviceto avoid power fluctuations inthe site and also theneighbouring residentialareas.

Transporting the materialsduring nighttime.

Consultation withAPTRANSCO by projectauthorities.

Construction debris Construction debris to be usedfor aggregate and or sub gradepurpose in the case of RCC.

Recyclable metals to becollected and sold to recyclers.

Avoidance of excess inventoryof materials.

Packing materials to be sentfor reuse/recycling.

Provision of waste disposalsite for waste fromconstruction and storageyard.

Supervision consultant inconsultation with the subcontractors.

Inclusion of appropriateclauses in constructioncontracts; monitoring of





Hazardous waste containers tobe returned toseller/authorised recyclers.

compliance duringconstruction and proper ad-ministration of contracts.

Plantation andEnvironmental greening.

Soil reclamationUse of top soil Initiation of plantation

Horticulture consultantshall prepare the plan forsoil reclamation and use oftopsoils in consultation witharchitects and supervisionconsultants.

Social Impacts Additional employment tolocals.

Qualified locals to bechosen for employment.

Occupational Safety andHealth

Construction workers areprovided with personalprotective equipment (PPE)such as earplugs, helmets,safety shoes, gloves, etc.

Follow the relevant statutoryguidelines

Comply with Buildingconstruction acts.

The premises shall be fencedand no trespassing be allowed.

Ensure adequacy andavailability of Personalprotective equipments.

Project authorities toensure compliance withstatutory requirements.

Project authorities to fencethe boundaries to avoidunauthorised trespassing.

OPERATION STAGEUrban Heat Island Effect Cool roof

VegetationCool Pavements

Cool roof with light shadeshaving low albedo values tobe provided.

Vegetation to be providedby horticulturist for theavenues, and central green

Pavements will be madeimpervious for footpathsand jogging paths byprovision of pavers.

Pervious roads usingpavers on compacted soils.





Dust Generation fromtraffic.

Avenue plantation. Maintenance of roads by wayof sweeping.

Horticulturist should ensureavenue plantation

The managing committeesshould ensure maintenanceof avenue plantation.

Local municipal authoritiesshould ensure the roadmaintenance.

Generation of Exhaustgases from transport andutilities.

Avenue plantation. Rule to allow only vehicleswith PUC.

Proper maintenance ofvehicles.

Stack heights of the DG setsmust be provided as per CPCBguidelines and the emissionlevels should meet the CPCBstandards.

To be maintained by thecooperative society

To be implemented by thecooperative society.

To be maintained byindividual owners.

Project authorities mustensure that the DG sets areprovided with acousticenclosures and proper stackheights.

Sewage Management All Sewage will be collected byunderground drainage system.

The sewage will be treated insewage treatment plant

The treated sewage is reusedfor on land irrigation for thedevelopment of green belt.

Treated water line will beprovided for reuse for flushingand for HVAC cooling.

Excess sewage will be let outinto drains

A Cooperative society(society) of owners willmaintain the STP, andsewerage.

Local body authorities willbe appraised during rainyseason when excessquantities are released intothe drain.

Treated water lines will becolored blue and a distanceof 2 feet will be maintainedfrom the other lines by theproject authorities.

Records of influent andtreated effluent quality andquantity should bemaintained by the society,and the treatment must beensured to meet thestandards prescribed byGSR 422 E.

Storm water Management Storm water will be disposedinto storm water drain

Storm water drain systemand disposal point to be





provided by local authorities.Storm water drains will bemaintained periodically beforemonsoon.

Accidental dischargesspillages will not be allowed tojoin storm water drains.

Roads, pavements and othersurfaces are swept regularly.

Rainwater harvestingstructures will be connectedand maintained periodically toremove sediment.

Washings of the front portionsand porticos should beavoided as it may join thedrain and sweeping should bepreferred.

provided by the projectauthorities.

Maintenance of stormwater drains by Local bodyauthorities

Sweeping by municipalauthorities to be supervisedby the society.

Ground water usage Ground water sources to beused during non availability ofsufficient supplies fromTirupathi Municipality.

Occupants not allowed to sinkbore wells.

Ground water to be usedsparingly and waterconservation measures tobe adopted, society shalleducate and implementamong residents.Society holds theresponsibility of bore wellsin the campus.

Water ConservationMeasures

Water conservation measuresto be adopted to reduceresource consumption.

Society to educate theworkers/employees andprovide a book let ofmeasures to reduce waterconsumption.

Loss of productive soil Workers/employees to beeducated about importancegreening to avoid loss ofproductive soil.

Society to educate theresidents.

Solid Wastes Solid waste/garbage to becollected in green and bluedustbins. The green bin to befilled with Biodegradablekitchen waste, while the bluedustbin to be filled withrecyclable waste like glass,plastic, papers etc.

The project authorities tomake arrangements withthe Local authority.

The society shall educatethe segregation of wastes

The society shall ensure thetransfer of wastes to the





The biodegradable wastes tobe removed everyday whilethe recyclable wastes to beremoved once a week fromeach residence.

The dustbins along the streetsto be emptied once a day bythe society and or itsrepresentative NGO.

Solid waste/garbage to bepicked by society or itsrepresentative NGO.

Transporting the garbage tosegregation point by NGO.

Local body authorities shalltransport the wastes to dumpyard or other designatedlocation.

The sludge from the STP maybe used as manure forgreening program is disposedto farmers.

The used oils and usedbatteries, and usedtransformer oils should besent to authorised recyclers.

The Bio-Medical wastes suchas human waste, infectiouswaste are stored in yellowbins. The Bio-Medical waste iscollected separately andstored.

segregation point.Society shall interact withthe local body andimplement themanagement plan updatedif any.

The project authoritiesmust identify the users forSTP sludge and authorisedrecyclers for hazardouswastes and inform thesociety for implementation.

Consumption of naturalresource

The major natural resourceconsumed during operationstage is ground water duringin sufficient availability ofwater from TirupatiMunicipality.

Consumption of naturalresources shall beoptimised by education andconservation measures bythe Society.

Noise Levels Noise levels due to traffic andother livelihood activity willincrease in the area and themitigation measures ofconstruction and Greening willreduce the same.

The project authoritiesshall ensure that thematerial of constructionshall use best soundtransmission class materialsto ensure that the sound





Noise levels from DG sets tobe mitigated by the provisionof acoustic enclosures.

Noise levels during festivalsand other communityfunctions.

levels with in the residenceare within the prescribedlimits for residential areas.

Avenue plantation shouldbe completed before theoperation stage to ensurethat the noise levels aremitigated.

The project authoritiesmust ensure the provisionof acoustic enclosures tothe DG sets.

The society must ensurethat the noise from publicaddress systems if anyduring festivals shouldfollow the guidelines ofpolice and local body.Society must educate theresidents/employees/workers about the noise levelmitigation measuressuggested by variousagencies during festivals.





Traffic Volumes and parkingfacilities

Traffic volumes will increaseover a period of time and putpressure on the infrastructure.

Subsequent increase in airpollution loads on the projectsite and its surroundings.

Provision of car parkingfacilities in the areas over andabove the prescribed number.

Provision of Parking atcommon amenities like clubhouse, commercial areas.

Traffic and road safety signalsto be provided.

The colony roads shall notbe made a thoroughfareand the project authoritiesshall ensure the same bydeclaring the project agated community.

The project authoritiesmust ensure publictransport bus stations in theimmediate vicinity of thesite and the maximumdistance from the site areaand the bus stand should beless than 1 km.

The society should educateand encourage publictransport by road, rail andcar pool systems byproviding incentives likeawards etc.

Parking facility should notbe converted into livingspace/commercial space bythe residents and thesociety must ensure thesame during the operationstage.

The project authoritiesmust provide the traffic androad safety signals in theproject. Two-way mirrorsmust be provided at blindcorners.

Flora The impacts on flora are dueto air pollution from exhaustof vehicles to be mitigated bythe choice of species.

The flora of the site shallincrease with the greeningprogram in the central greenarea/totlots and other openspaces.

The flora of the site shallincrease with the greening

The Project authorities toensure greening the centralopen space and avenueplantation.

Horticulturists to assist theworkers/employees inidentifying the plant specieswith an objective ofreducing the energy costsand mitigating the urbanheat island effect.





plans.The impacts on thesurrounding area fauna will beminimal

The society shouldparticipate in urbangreening programs of TUDAand Municipality actively.

Fauna/pets Pet refuse should be removedand dumped in the dustbinsonly and should not beallowed into storm waterdrains.

The society must educatethe employees/workers andensure the same.

Energy Conservation The white goods used by themanagement should haveoptimum energy consumption.

Usage of Compact fluorescentlamps in common areas, parkareas.

The project authorities shallinstall CFLs in all commonareas and green areas.

The society shall collect anddisseminate informationregarding the white goodsand their energy efficiency.

Fire Safety Hospital shall be providedwith fire safety measures asper the fire safety regulations.

The project authoritiesmust provide the measuresand obtain the NOC fromthe Director General of firesafety.

5.5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTSThe responsibility of implementing the mitigation measures lies with project authorityduring design and construction stages while the responsibility lies with the M/s. AmaraRaja Infra Pvt. Ltd., Management and Municipality during occupation stage. Allconstruction activities taken up by the project authorities will be supervised by theSupervision Consultant (SC). Implementation schedule will be worked for phase wiseimplementation of the mitigation measures after completion of detailed designs. In thepre-construction phase of the project the supervision consultants shall review the EMPto identify environmental and social issues and arrive at a suitable strategy forimplementation. The activities to be carried out and the target dates will be worked outafter completion of detailed designs.

5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

5.6.1 IntroductionThe environmental monitoring programme provides such information on whichmanagement decision may be taken during construction and occupation phases. Itprovides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measuresand suggests further actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect.



The monitoring includes:

(i) Visual observations;(ii) Selection of environmental parameters at specific locations;(iii) Sampling and regular testing of these parameters.

5.6.2 ObjectivesThe objectives of the environmental monitoring programme are:

Evaluation of the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures; Updating of the actions and impacts of baseline data; Adoption of additional mitigation measures if the present measures are

insufficient; Generating the data, which may be incorporated in environmental

management plan in future projects.

5.6.3 MethodologyMonitoring methodology covers the following key aspects:

Components to be monitored; Parameters for monitoring of the above components; Monitoring frequency; Monitoring standards; Responsibilities for monitoring; Direct responsibility, Overall responsibility; Monitoring costs.

Environmental monitoring of the parameters involved and the threshold limits specifiedare discussed below.

5.6.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) MonitoringAmbient air quality parameters recommended are Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM),Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2).These are to be monitored at designated locations starting from the commencement ofconstruction activity. Data should be generated over three days at all identifiedlocations in accordance to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Table 5.2)location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsibleinstitutional arrangements are detailed out in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.



Table 5.2 National Ambient Air Quality StandardsS. No Pollutant Time

WeightedAverage

Concentration in Ambient Air

Industrial,Residential, Rural andOther Area

EcologicalSensitive Area

(Notified byCentral

Government)

Methods ofMeasurement

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)1 Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2), µg/m3Annual*

24Hours**

50

80

20

80

- Improved westand Gaeke

- Ultravioletfluorescence

2 Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2), µg/m3

Annual*

24Hours**

40

80

30

80

- Modified Jacob& Hochheiser(Nn-Arsenite)

- Chemiluminescence

3 ParticulateMatter (Size Lessthan 10 µm) orPM10 µg/m3

Annual*

24Hours**

60

100

60

100

- Gravimetic- TOEM- Beta

Attenuation

4 ParticulateMatter (Size Lessthan 2.5µm) orPM2.5 µg/m3

Annual*

24Hours**

40

60

40

60

- Gravimetic- TOEM- Beta

Attenuation

5 Ozone (O3)µg/m3

8hours**

1 hour**

100

180

100

180

- UV Photometric- Chemilminesce

nce- Chemical

Method6 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 Annual*

24hours**

0.50

1.0

0.50

1.0

- AAS /ICPmethod aftersampling onEPM 2000 orequivalent filterpaper

- ED-XRF usingTeflon filter

7 CarbonMonoxide (CO)mg/m3

8hours**

1 hour**

02

04

02

04

- Non DispersiveInfra Red (NDIR)

- Spectroscopy

8 Ammonia (NH3)µg/m3

Annual*24hours**

100400

100400

- Chemilminescence

- Indophenolblue method

9 Benzene (C6H6)µg/m3 Annual* 05 05

- GasChromotography based



S. No Pollutant TimeWeightedAverage

Concentration in Ambient Air

Industrial,Residential, Rural andOther Area

EcologicalSensitive Area

(Notified byCentral

Government)

Methods ofMeasurement

continuousanalyzer

- Absorption andDesorptionfollowed by GCanalysis

10 Benzo(o)Pyrene(BaP) –ParticulatePhase only,ng/m3

Annual* 01 01 - Solventextractionfollowed byHPLC/GCanalysis

11 Arsenic (As),ng/m3

Annual* 06 06 - AAS/ICPmethod aftersampling onEPM 2000 orequivalent filterpaper

12 Nickel (Ni),ng/m3

Annual* 20 20 - AAS/ICPmethod aftersampling onEPM 2000 orequivalent filterpaper

Source:Anon 1996-97, National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Series NAQMS/a/1996-97, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi.

*Average Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for a week24 hourly at uniform interval.

**24 hourly/8 hourly values should meet 98 percent of the time in a year

5.6.5 Water Quality MonitoringThe physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of water qualityrelevant are pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, oil andgrease, COD, chloride, lead, zinc and cadmium. The location, duration and the pollutionparameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements aredetailed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan. The monitoring of the water quality is tobe carried out at all identified locations in accordance to the Indian Standard DrinkingWater Specification – IS 10500: 1991 (stated in Table 5.3)



Table 5.3 Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification – IS: 10500:1991Sl

NoSubstance orCharacteristic

s

Requirement

(Desirable Limit)

UndesirableEffect Outsidethe Desirable

Limit Perm

issib

leLi

mit

in th

eAb

senc

e of

Alte

rnat

eSo

urce

Methods ofTest (Ref. To

IS)

Remarks

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS1 Colour,

Hazen units,Max.

5 Above 5,consumeracceptancedecreases

25 3025 (Part 4)1983

Extended to 25only if toxicsubstances arenot suspected,in absence ofalternatesources

2 Odour Unobjectionable

- - 3025 (Parts5):1984

a) Test cold andwhen heatedb) Test atseveral dilutions

3 Taste Agreeable

- - 3025 (Part 7and 8)1984

Test to beconducted onlyafter safety hasbeenestablished

4 TurbidityNTU, Max.

5 Above 5,consumeracceptancedecreases

10 3025 (Part 10)1984

-

5 pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond thisrange, the waterwill affect themucousmembraneand/or watersupply system

Norelaxati

on

3025 (Part 11)1984

-

6 Totalhardness (asCaCO3) mg/l,Max

300 Encrustation inwater supplystructure andadverse effectson domestic use

600 3025 (Part 21)1983

-

7 Iron (as Fe)mg/l, Max

0.3 Beyond thislimittaste/appearance are affected,has adverseeffect ondomestic uses

1 32 of 3025 :1964

-



SlNo

Substance orCharacteristic

s

Requirement

(Desirable Limit)


Limit Perm

issib

leLi

mit

in th

eAb

senc

e of

Alte

rnat

eSo

urce


IS)

Remarks

and watersupply struc-tures, andpromotes ironbacteria

8 Chlorides (asCI) mg/l, Max

250 Beyond thislimit, taste,corrosion andpalatibility areaffected

1000 3025 (Part 32)1988

-

9 Residual, freechlorine,mg/l, Min

0.2 - - 3025 (Part 26)1986

To be applicableonly whenwater ischlorinated.Tested atconsumer end.Whenprotectionagainst viralinfection isrequired, itshould be Min0.5 mg/l

DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS1 Dissolved

solids mg/l,Max

500 Beyond thispalatabilitydecreases andmay causegastro intestinalirritation

2000 3025 (Part 16)1984

-

2 Calcium (asCa) mg/l,Max

75 Encrustation inwater supplystructure andadverse effectson domestic use

200 3025 (Part 40)1991

-

3 Magnesium(as Mg),mg/l, Max

30 Encrustation towater supplystructure andadverse effectson domestic use

100 16, 33, 34 of IS3025: 1964

-

4 Copper (asCu) mg/l,

0.05 Astringent taste,discoloration

1.5 36 of 3025:1964

-



SlNo


s

Requirement

(Desirable Limit)


Limit Perm

issib

leLi

mit

in th

eAb

senc

e of

Alte

rnat

eSo

urce


IS)

Remarks

Max and corrosion ofpipes, fittingand utensils willbe causedbeyond this

5 Manganese(as Mn) mg/l,Max

0.1 Beyond thislimittaste/appearance are affected,has adverseeffects ondomestic usesand watersupplystructures

0.3 35 of 3025:1964

-

6 Sulphate (as200 SO4)mg/l, Max

200 Beyond thiscauses gastrointestinal irrita-tion whenmagnesium orsodium arepresent

400 3025 (Part 24)1986

May beextended up to400 provided(as Mg) doesnot exceed 30

7 Nitrate (asNO2) mg/l,Max

45 Beyond this,may causemethaemoglobinemia

100 3025 (Part 34)1988

-

8 Fluoride (asF) mg/l, Max

1 Fluoride may bekept as low aspossible. Highfluoride maycause fluorosis

1.5 23 of 3025:1964

-

9 Phenoliccompounds(As C6H5OH)mg/l, Max

0.001 Beyond this, itmay causeobjectionabletaste and odour

0.002 54 of 3025:1964

-

10 Mercury (asHg) mg/l,Max

0.001 Beyond this, thewater becomestoxic

Norelaxati

on

(see Note)Mercury ionanalyser

To be testedwhen pollutionis suspected

11 Cadmium (asCd), mg/l,Max


Norelaxati

on

(See note) To be testedwhen pollutionis suspected

12 Selenium (as 0.01 Beyond this, the No 28 of 3025: To be tested



SlNo


s

Requirement

(Desirable Limit)


Limit Perm

issib

leLi

mit

in th

eAb

senc

e of

Alte

rnat

eSo

urce


IS)

Remarks

Se), mg/l,Max

water becomestoxic

relaxation

1964 when pollutionis suspected

13 Arsenic (AsAs) mg/l, max


Norelaxati

on

3025 (Part 37)1988


14 Cyanide (AsCN), mg/l,Max

0.05 Beyond thislimit, the waterbecomes toxic

Norelaxati

on

3025 (Part 27)1986


15 Lead (as Pb),mg/l, Max

0.05 Beyond thislimit, the waterbecomes toxic

Norelaxati

on

(see note) To be testedwhen pollutionis suspected

16 Zinc (As Zn).Mg/l, Max

5 Beyond thislimit it cancause astringenttaste and anopalescence inwater

15 39 of 3025:1964)


17 Anionicdetergents(As MBAS)mg/l, Max

0.2 Beyond thislimit it cancause a lightfroth in water

1 Methylene-blue extractionmethod


18 Chromium(As Cr6+)mg/l, Max

0.05 May becarcinogenicabove this limit

Norelaxati

on

38 of 3025:1964


19 Poly nucleararomatichydrocarbons(as PAH) g/1,Max

- May becarcinogenicabove this limit

- - -

20 Mineral oilmg/l, Max

0.01 Beyond thislimit un-desirable tasteand odour afterchlorinationtake place

0.03 GasChromatographic method

-

21 Pesticidesmg/l, Max

Absent Toxic 0.001 - -

22 Radioactive materials: 58 of3025:01964

-

23 a) Alphaemitters Bq/l,

- - 0.1 - -



SlNo


s

Requirement

(Desirable Limit)


Limit Perm

issib

leLi

mit

in th

eAb

senc

e of

Alte

rnat

eSo

urce


IS)

Remarks

Max24 Beta emitters

pci/1, Max- - 1 - -

25 Aluminium(as Al), mg/l,Max

200 Beyond thislimit tastebecomesunpleasant

600 13 of3025:1964

-

26 Aluminium(as Al), mg/l,Max

0.03 Cumulativeeffect isreported tocause dementia

0.2 31 of 3025:1964

-

27 Boron, mg/l,Max

1 - 5 29 of 3025:1964

-

Source: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification-IS10500: 1991

5.6.6 Noise Level MonitoringThe measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at all designatedlocations in accordance to the Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Central PollutionControl Board (CPCB) in 1989 (refer Table 8.4) Sound pressure levels would bemonitored on twenty-four hour basis. Noise should be recorded at a “A” weightedfrequency using a “slow time response mode” of the measuring instrument. Thelocation, duration and the noise pollution parameters to be monitored and theresponsible institutional arrangements are detailed in the Environmental MonitoringPlan (Table 5.5)

Table 5.4 Noise level standards (CPCB)Type Noise level for Day

Time Leq dB(A)Noise level for

Night Time dB(A)Industrial area 75 70Commercial area 65 55Residential area 55 45Silence zone 50 40Day time - 6.00 am - 9.00 pm (15 hours)Night time - 9.00 pm - 6.00 am (9 hours)

The monitoring plan along with the environmental parameters and the time frame ispresented in the Table 5.5 environmental monitoring plan.



Table 5.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Envi

ronm

ent

com

pone

ntPr

ojec

tSt

age

MONITORING InstitutionalResponsibilities

Parameters

SpecialGuidance

Standards Location Freque

ncy Duration Implementation

Supervision

Air

Cons

truc

tion

stag

eSPM,RSPM,SO2,NOX, CO,HC

Highvolumesamplerto belocated50 mfrom theplant inthedown-winddirec-tion.Usemethodspeci-fied byCPCB foranalysis

Air(Preven-tion andControlof Pollu-tion)Rules,CPCB,1994

Locationofconstruction area

Onceeveryseasonfor 2years

Continuous 24hours/or for 1fullworkingday

Contractorthroughap-provedmoni-toringagency

EnvironmentalEngineer, TUDA

Cons

truc

tion

stag

e

SPM,RSPM

HighVolumeSamplerto belocated40 mfrom theROW inthedown-winddirec-tion.Usemethodspeci-fied byCPCB foranalysis


Locationofconstruction area

Onceeverymonthfor 2years

Continuous 24hours/or for 1fullworkingday


EnvironmentalEngineer, M/s.AmaraRajaInfraPvt.Ltd.,



Envi

ronm

ent

com

pone

ntPr

ojec

tSt

age


Parameters

SpecialGuidance



Supervision

Ope

ratio

n st

age

SPM,RSPM,SO2,NOx, CO,Pb, HC

HighVolumeSamplerto belocatedat 15 mfrom theedge ofpave-ment


1 Hi-Techcity

2.Madhapur

3.Gachibowli

4.Kottaguda

Thriceinoperationstage.December2015,January 2016andJanuary 2019

Continuous24 hours

Society SocietyW

ater

Qua

lity

Cons

truc

tion

stag

e

pH,BOD,COD,TDS,TSS, DO,Oil &Greaseand Pb

Grabsamplecollected fromsourceandanalyseas perStandardMethods forExamination ofWaterandWastewater

Waterqualitystandards byCPCB

1. DurgamCheruvu

2.Maisammacheruvu

3.Kaithalupurchervu

4.Mundlakatwatank

End ofsum-merbeforetheonsetofmon-sooneveryyearfor 2years

- Contractorthroughap-provedmoni-toringagency




Envi

ronm

ent

com

pone

ntPr

ojec

tSt

age


Parameters

SpecialGuidance



Supervision

Wat

er Q

ualit

y

Ope

ratio

n st

age

pH,BOD,COD,TDS,TSS, DO,Pb, OilandGrease.

Grabsamplecollected fromsourceandanalyseas perStandardMethods forExamination ofWaterandWastewater

Waterqualitystandards byCPCB

1.DurgamCheruvu2.Maisammacheruvu3.Kaithalupurchervu

4.MundlakatwatankSTPInfluentSTPtreatedEffluent

End ofsum-merbeforetheonsetofmon-soonin2015,2016and2019

Daily

Daily

- M/s.AmaraRajaInfraPvt. Ltd.,

M/s.AmaraRajaInfraPvt.Ltd.,.

Society

Society



Envi

ronm

ent

com

pone

ntPr

ojec

tSt

age


Parameters

SpecialGuidance



Supervision

Noi

se le

vels

Cons

truc

tion

stag

e

Noiselevels ondB (A)scale

Freefield at 1m fromtheequipmentwhosenoiselevelsarebeingdeter-mined.

Noisestan-dards byCPCB

Atequipment yards

Onceeverymonth(max)fortwoyears,asrequired bytheengineer

Readings to betaken at15secondsintervalfor 15minuteseveryhourandthenaveraged.




Equivalent noiselevelsusing aninte-gratednoiselevelmeterkept at adistanceof 15from theinternalroads


Asdirectedby theEngineer(Atmaximum5locations)

Thricea yearfor 2yearsduringtheconstructionperiod.






Envi

ronm

ent

com

pone

ntPr

ojec

tSt

age


Parameters

SpecialGuidance



Supervision

Ope

ratio

n st

age


Equivalent noiselevelsusing aninte-gratednoiselevelmeterkept at adistanceof 15fromedge ofpavement


1. At allboundaries of thesite.

Thricein op-erationperiod,inDecember2015,January 2016andJanuary 2019


Societythroughanapprovedmonitoringagency

SocietySo

il

Cons

truc

tion

stag

e

Monitoring of Pb,Cr, Cd

Sampleof soilcollected toacidifiedandanalysedusingabsorptionspectropho-tometry

Threshold foreachcontaminant setby IRISdatabase ofUSEPAuntilnationalstan-dardsarepromulgated.

Atproductiveagricultural lands intheprojectimpactarea to beidentifiedby theenvironmentalengineer

Once ayearfor 2years

- Contractorthroughanapprovedmonitoringagency




Envi

ronm

ent

com

pone

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Threshold foreachcontaminant setby IRISdatabase ofUSEPAuntilnationalstan-dardsarepromulgated.

Ataccident/spilllocationsinvolvingbulktransportcarryinghazardousmaterials(5locationsmaximum)

As pertheoccurrenceof suchincidents

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Engineer M/s.AmaraRajaInfraPvt.Ltd.,

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Monitoring of:1.

Storage Area

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3.Sanitation inConstructionCamps

Visualobser-vationswillsuffice.Theseare tobecheckedasspecified in theEMP.

To thesatisfac-tion oftheGlobalSheltersand thestan-dardsgiven inthereporting form.

AtStoragearea andcon-structioncamps

Quarterly intheconstructionstage.

SupervisionEngineer/consultant

M/s.AmaraRajaInfraPvt.Ltd.,

5.7 REPORTING SYSTEMReporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensurequality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reportingsystem is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of theEnvironment Management Plan get implemented in the project.

The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest rungof the implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shallreport to the Project Authorities. All reporting by the contractor and SupervisionConsultant shall be on a quarterly basis. The Project Authorities shall be responsible forpreparing targets for each of the identified EMAP activities. All subsequent reporting bythe contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the Project Authoritiesbefore the contractors move on to the site. The reporting by the Contractor will be amonthly report like report of progress on construction and will form the basis formonitoring by the Project Authorities, either by its own Environmental Cell or theEnvironmental Specialist hired by the Supervision Consultant.

Monitoring of facilities at construction camps Monitoring of air, noise, soil and water parameters including silt load Monitoring of survival rate of plantation. Monitoring of cleaning of drains and water bodies.

5.8 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT BUDGETThe environmental budget for the various environmental management measuresproposed in the EMP is detailed in Table 5.6. There are several other environmental



issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs forwhich has been accounted for in the Engineering Costs. Moreover, since environmentalenhancements have not been finalized at this stage, the table projects the typical costsunit wise.

Table 5.6 Environmental Budgets for Project

S.No.

DescriptionCapital cost in Rs. Lakhs Recurring cost in Rs. Lakhs

ConstructionPhase

OccupationPhase

ConstructionPhase

OccupationPhase

1 Air Pollution Control 8.5 -- 0.7 2.9

2Water PollutionControl 30.6 -- 1.7 22.0

3Noise PollutionControl 1.4 -- 0.7 0.3

4

EnvironmentMonitoring &Management

0.2 4.4 0.3 --

5Green belt & Openarea development 10.6 2.1 0.3 1.4

6 Solid Waste 1.5 0.2 0.6 1.27 others 85.0 -- 1.8 2.8

Total 137.9 6.7 6.2 30.7

5.9 HORTICULTURAL AND LANDSCAPING WORKS

(a) ScopeThe Horticultural and Landscaping works may be entrusted to a contractor or may betaken by the Project Authorities. It would generate local employment if the plantation,upkeep and maintenance of the green belt is entrusted to local VSS bodies. Detaileddrawings and designs of landscaping will be drawn after completion of the detaileddesigning. The scheme of plantation and the figures are presented in mitigationchapter. The upkeep and the management of the greening is presented as follows;

(b) MaterialsPlant MaterialsPlant Materials shall be well formed and shaped true to type, and free from disease,insects and defects such as knots, sun-scaled, windburn, injuries, abrasion ordisfigurement.

All plant materials shall be healthy, sound, vigorous, free from plant diseases, insect’spests, of their eggs, and shall have healthy, well-developed root systems. All plants shallbe hardy under climatic conditions similar to those in the locally of the project. Plantssupplied shall to confirm to the names listed on both the plan and the plant list. Noplant material will be accepted if branches are damaged or broken. All material must beprotected from the sun and weather until planted.



Any nursery stock shall have been inspected and approved by the EnvironmentalSpecialist or the Engineer.

All plants shall conform to the requirements specified in the plant list. Except thatplants larger then specified may be used if approved, but use of such plants shall notincrease the contract price. If the use of the larger plant is approved, the spread ofroots or ball of earth shall be increased in proportion to the size of plant.

Top Soil (Good Earth)Topsoil or good earth shall be a friable loam, typical of cultivated topsoils of the localitycontaining at least 2% of decayed organic matter (humus). It shall be taken from a well-drained arable site. It shall be free of subsoil, stones, earth skids, sticks, roots or anyother objectionable extraneous matter or debris. It shall contain no toxic material. Notopsoil shall be delivered in a muddy condition. It shall have pH value ranging between6 and 8.5.

FertilizerMeasurement of sludge shall be in stacks, with 8% reduction for payment. It shall befree from extraneous matter, harmful bacteria insects or chemicals. (Subjected tosafety norms).

Root SystemThe root system shall be conducive to successful transplantation. While necessary, theroot-ball shall be preserved by support with Hessian or other suitable material. On soilswhere retention of a good ball is not possible, the roots should be suitably protected insuch a way that the roots are not damaged.

ConditionTrees and shrubs shall be substantially free from pests and diseases, and shall bematerially undamaged. Torn or lacerated roots shall be pruned before dispatch. Noroots shall be subjected to adverse conditions such as prolonged exposure to dryingwinds or subjection to water logging between lifting and delivery.

(c) Supply and SubstitutionUpon submission of evidence that certain materials including plant materials are notavailable at time of contract, the contractor shall be permitted to substitute with anequitable adjustment of price. All substitutions shall be of the nearest equivalentspecies and variety to the original specified and shall be subjected to the approval ofthe Landscape Architect.

(d) PackagingPackaging shall be adequate for the protection of the plants and such as to avoidheating or drying out.

(e) MarkingEach specimen of tree and shrub, or each bundle, shall be legibly labelled with thefollowing particulars: Its name. The name of the supplier, unless otherwise agreed. The date of dispatch from the nursery.



(f) Tree PlantingPlants and ShrubsTrees should be supplied with adequate protection as approved. After delivery, ifplanting is not to be carried out immediately, balled plants should be placed back toback and the ball covered with sand to prevent drying out. Bare rooted plants can beheeled in by placing the roots in prepared trench and covering them with earth, whichshould be watered into, avoid air pockets round the roots. Trees and shrubs shall beplanted as shown in architectural drawings and with approval of site supervisionengineer.

Digging of PitsTree pits shall be dug a minimum of three weeks prior to backfilling. The pits shall be120 cm in diameter and 120 cm deep. While digging the pits, the topsoil up to a depthof 30 cm may be kept aside, if found good (depending upon site conditions), and mixedwith the rest of the soil.

If the side of the below, it shall be replaced with the soil mixture as specified furtherherein. If the soil is normal it shall be mixed with manure; river sand shall be added tothe soil if it is heavy. The bottom of the pit shall be forked to break up the subsoil.

Back FillingThe soil back filled watered through and gently pressed down, a day previous toplanting, to make sure that it may not further settle down after planting. The soil shallbe pressed down firmly by treading it down, leaving a shallow depression all round forwatering.

PlantingNo tree pits shall be dug until final tree position has been pegged out for approval. Careshall be taken that the plant sapling when planted is not been buried deeper than in thenursery, or in the pot. Planting should not be carried out in waterlogged soil. Planttrees at the original soil depth; soil marks on the stem is an indication of this and shouldbe maintained on the finished level, allowing for setting of the soil after planting. Allplastic and other imperishable containers should be removed before planting. Anybroken or damage roots should be cut back to sound growth.

The bottom of the planting pit should be covered with 50mm to 75mm of soil. Bareroots should be spread evenly in the planting pit; and small mound in the centre of thepits on which the roots are placed will aid on even spread. Soil should be placed aroundthe roots, gently shaking the tree to allow the soil particles to shift into the root systemto ensure close contact with all roots and prevent air pockets. Back fill soil should befirmed as filling proceeds, layer by layer, care being taken to avoid damaging the roots,as follows:

The balance earth shall be filled in a mixture of 1:3 (1 part sludge to 3-part earth byvolume) with 50 gm potash, (Mop) 50gms of Super Phosphate and 1Kg. Neem oil cake.Aldrin or equivalent shall be applied every 15 days in a mixture of 5ml in 5 litres ofwater.



StakingNewly planted trees must be held firmly although not rigidly by staking to prevent apocket forming around the stem and newly formed fibrous roots being broken bymechanical pulling as the tree rocks

Methods:The main methods of staking shall be:(a) A single vertical shake, 900mm longer than the clear stem of the tree, driven

600mm to 900mm into the soil.(b) Two stakes as above driven firmly on either side of the tree with a cross bar to

which the stem is attached. Suitable for bare- rooted or Ball material.(c) A single stake driven in at an angle at 45 degrees and leaning towards the

prevailing wind, the stem just below the lowest branch being attached to thestake. Suitable for small bare- rooted or Ball material

(d) For plant material 3m to 4.5m high with a single stem a three wire adjustableguy system may be used in exposed situations.

The end of stake should be pointed and the lower 1m to 1.2m should be coated with anon-injurious wood preservative allowing at least 150mm above ground level.

TyingEach tree should be firmly secured to the stake so as to prevent excessive movement.Abrasion must be avoided by using a buffer, rubber or Hessian, between the tree andstake. The tree should be secured at a point just below its lowest branch, and also justabove ground level; normally two ties should be used for tree. These should beadjusted or replaced to allow for growth.

WateringThe Landscape Contractor should allow for the adequate watering in of all newlyplanted trees and shrubs immediately after planting and he shall during the followinggrowing season, keep the plant material well watered.

FertilizingFertilising shall be carried out by application in rotation of the following fertilisers, every15 days from the beginning of the monsoon till the end of winter:

(1) Sludge or organic well-rotted dry farm yard manure: 0.05 cum or tussle.(2) Urea 25 gm.(3) Ammonium sulphate 25 gm.(4) Potassium sulphate 25 gm.

All shrubs, which are supplied pot grown, shall be well soaked prior to planting.Watering in and subsequent frequent watering of summer planted container- grownplants is essential.

(g) Shrub Planting in Planter BedsAll areas to be planted with shrubs shall be excavated, trenched to a depth of 750 mm,refilling the excavated earth after breaking clods and mixing with sludge in ratio 8:1 (8parts of stacked volume of earth after reduction by 20%: 1 part of stacked volume ofsludge after reduction by 8%.)



Tall shrubs may need staking, which shall be provided if approved by the contractingconsulting engineer, depending upon the conditions of individual plant specimen.

For planting shrubs and ground cover shrubs in planters, good earth shall be mixed withsludge in the proportion as above and filled in planters.

Positions of planters shall be planted should be marked out in accordance with thearchitectural drawing. When shrubs are set out, precautions should be taken to preventroots drying. Planting holes 40 cm in diameter, and 40 cm deep should be excavated forlonger shrubs. Polythene and other non-perishable containers should be removed andany badly damaged roots carefully pruned. The shrubs should then be set in holes sothat the soil level, after settlement, will be original soil mark on the stem of the shrub.The holes should be back filled to half of its depth and firmed by treading. Theremainder of the soil can then be returned and again firmed by treading.

(h) GrassingPreparationDuring period prior to planting the ground shall be maintained free from weeds.Grading and final weeding of the area shall be completed at least three weeks prior tothe actual sowing. Regular watering shall be continued until sowing by dividing the areainto portions of approximately 5m squares by constructing small bunds to retain water.These 'bunds' shall be leveled just prior to sowing of grass plants; it shall be ensuredthat the soil has completely settled.

SoilThe soil itself shall be ensured to the satisfaction of Landscape Architect to be a goodfibrous loam, rich in humus.

Sowing the grass rootsGrass roots (cynodon, dectylon or a local genus approved by the Landscape Architect)shall be obtained from a grass patch, seen and approved before hand.

The grass roots stock received at site shall be manually cleared of all weeds and watersprayed over the same after keeping the stock in place protected from sun and drywinds.

Grass stock received at site may be stored for a maximum of three days. In casegrassing for some areas is scheduled for a later date fresh stock of grass roots shall beordered and obtained.

ExecutionSmall roots shall be dibbled about 5 cm apart into the prepared grounds. Grass willonly be accepted as reaching practical completion when germination has provedsatisfactory and all weeds have been removed.

MaintenanceAs soon as the grass is approximately a 3cm high it shall be rolled with a light woodenroller – in fine, dry weather – and when it has grown to 5 to 8 cm, above to groundweeds must be removed and regular cutting with the scythe and rolling must be begun.A top-dressing of an ounce of guano to the square yard or well decomposed wellbroken sludge manure shall be applied when the grass is sufficiently secure in theground to bear the mowing machine, the blades must be raised an inch above the



normal level for the first two or three cuttings. That is to say, the grass should be cut sothat it is from 4 to 5 cm in length, instead of the 3 cm necessary for mature grass. In theabsence of rain, in the monsoon, the lawn shall be watered every ten days heavily,soaking the soil through to a depth of at least 20 cm.

Damage failure or dying back of grass due to neglect of watering especially for seedingout of normal season shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Any shrinkage belowthe specified levels during the contract or defect liability period shall be rectified at thecontractor's expense. The Contractor is to exercise care in the use of rotary cultivatorand mowing machines to reduce to a minimum the hazards of flying stones andbrickbats. All rotary mowing machines are to be fitted with safety guards.

RollingA light roller shall be used periodically, taking care that the area is not too wet andsodden.

EdgingThese shall be kept neat and must be cut regularly with the edging shears.

FertilizingThe area shall be fed once in a month with liquid manure prepared by dissolving 45gmsof ammonium sulphate in 5 litres of water.

WateringWater shall be applied at least once in three days during dry weather. Wateringwhenever done should be thorough and should wet the soil at least up to a depth of20 cm.

WeedingPrior to regular mowing the contractor shall carefully remove rank and unsightly weeds.

CultivatingThe Landscape Contractor shall maintain all planted areas within Landscape contractboundaries for one year until the area is handed over in whole or in phases.Maintenance shall include replacement of dead plants, watering, weeding, cultivating,control of insects, fungus and other diseases by means of spraying with an approvedinsecticide or fungicide, pruning, and other horticulture operations necessary for propergrowth of the plants and for keeping the landscape sub-contract area neat inappearance.

Pruning and RepairsUpon completion of planting work of the landscape sub-contract all trees should bepruned and all injuries repaired where necessary. The amount of pruning shall belimited to the necessary to remove dead or injured twigs and branches and tocompensate for the loss of roots and the result of the transplanting operations. Pruningshall be done in such a manner as not to change the natural habit or special shape oftrees.



Tree GuardsWhere the tree guards are necessary, care should be taken to ensure that they do notimpede natural movement or restrict growth. Circular iron tree guards shall be providedfor the trees at enhancement locations. The specifications for which one given below:Circular Iron Tree Guard with Bars.The tree guard shall be 50 cm. in diameter.

(i) Nursery StackPlanting should be carried out as soon as possible after reaching the site. Whereplanting must be a necessity and/or be delayed, care should be taken to protect theplants from pilfering or damage from people animals. Plants with bare-roots should beheeled- in as soon as received or otherwise protected from drying out, and others setclosely together and protected from the wind. If planting is to be delayed for more thana week, packaged plants should be unpacked, the bundles opened up and each group ofplants heeled in separately and clearly labelled. If for any reason the surface of theroots becomes dry the roots should be thoroughly soaked before planting.

(j) Protective FencingAccording to local environment, shrubs shall be protected adequately from vandalismuntil established.

(k) CompletionOn completion, the ground shall be formed over and left tidy.

5.10 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURESWater conservation measures must be adopted during the occupation stage that wouldconserve the natural resource and also reduce the pressure on other users. A typicallist of water conservation measures are presented as follows;

Water Saving Measures1. There are a number of ways to save water and they all start with you.2. Check your sprinkler system frequently and adjust sprinklers so only your lawn is

watered and not the blocks, sidewalk, or street.3. Avoid planting turf in areas that are hard to water such as steep inclines and

isolated strips along sidewalks and driveways.4. Install covers on pools and check for leaks around your pumps.5. Use the garbage disposal less often.6. Plant during rainy season and or winter when the watering requirements are lower.7. Always water during the early morning hours, when temperatures are cooler, to

minimize evaporation.8. Wash your produce in the sink or a pan that is partially filled with water instead of

running water from the tap.9. Use a layer of organic mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and save

hundreds of liters of water a year.10. Collect the water you use for rinsing produce and reuse it to water interior plants.11. Water your lawn in several short sessions rather than one long one. This will allow

the water to be better absorbed.



12. We’re more likely to notice leaky faucets indoors, but don’t forget to check outdoorfaucets, pipes, and hoses for leaks.

13. Only water your lawn when needed. You can tell this by simply walking across yourlawn. If you leave footprints, it’s time to water.

14. Install low-volume toilets.15. Water small areas of grass by hand to avoid waste.16. Use porous materials for walkways and patios to keep water in your yard and

prevent wasteful runoff.17. Designate one glass for your drinking water each day. This will cut down on the

number of times you run your dishwasher/wash your utensils.18. Instead of using a hose or a sink to get rid of paints, motor oil, and pesticides,

dispose of them properly by recycling or sending them to a hazardous waste site.19. Install a rain shut-off device on your automatic sprinklers to eliminate unnecessary

watering.20. Choose water-efficient drip irrigation for your trees, shrubs, and flowers. Watering

roots is very effective, be careful not to over water.21. Grab a wrench and fix that leaky faucet. It’s simple, inexpensive, and can save

529.958 liters a week.22. Cut back on the amount of grass in your yard by planting shrubs and ground cover

or landscaping with rock.23. Remember to check your sprinkler system valves periodically for leaks and keep the

heads in good shape.24. Don’t water your lawn on windy days. After all, sidewalks and driveways don’t need

water.25. Water deeply but less frequently to create healthier and stronger landscapes.26. Make sure you know where your master water shut-off valve is located. This could

save liters of water and damage to your home if a pipe were to burst.27. When watering grass on steep slopes, use a soaker hose to prevent wasteful runoff.28. To get the most from your watering time, group your plants according to their water

needs.29. Remember to weed your lawn and garden regularly. Weeds compete with other

plants for nutrients, light, and water.30. While fertilizers promote plant growth, they also increase water consumption.

Apply the minimum amount of fertilizer needed.31. Avoid installing ornamental water features unless the water is being recycled.32. Teach your employees how to shut off your automatic watering systems so anyone

can turn sprinklers off when a storm is approaching.33. Make sure your toilet flapper doesn’t stick open after flushing.34. Make sure there are aerators on all of your faucets.35. Next time you add or replace a flower or shrub, choose a low water use plant for

year-round landscape color and save up to 2081.976 liters each year.36. Spot spray or remove weeds as they appear.37. Use a screwdriver as a soil probe to test soil moisture. If it goes in easily, don’t

water. Proper lawn watering can save thousands of liters of water annually.38. Install a drip irrigation system around your trees and shrubs to water more

efficiently.39. Mow your lawn as infrequently as possible. Mowing puts your lawn under

additional stress, causing it to require more water.



40. Don’t use the sprinklers just to cool off or for play. Running through water from ahose or sprinkler wastes gallons of water.

41. Direct downspouts or gutters toward shrubs or trees.42. Insulate hot water pipes so you don’t have to run as much water to get hot water to

the faucet.43. If you have an evaporative air conditioner, direct the water drain to a flowerbed,

tree, or your lawn.44. Make suggestions to your employer to save water (and dollars) at work.45. Use a hose nozzle and turn off the water while you wash your car and save more

than 378.541 liters.46. Install a toilet dam or bottle filled with water in your toilet tank to cut down on the

amount of water used for each flush. Be sure these devices do not interfere withoperating parts.

47. Prune back heavy foliage. Reducing leaf area reduces water needs.48. Pick-up the phone and report significant water losses from broken pipes, open

hydrants and errant sprinklers to the society.49. If your grass is brown, it’s not dead, it’s just dormant. Dormant grass only needs to

be watered every three weeks. When the rain begins, your grass will turn greenagain.

50. Listen for dripping faucets and toilets that flush themselves. Fixing a leak can save1892.71 liters each month.

51. More plants die from over-watering than from under-watering. Be sure only towater plants when necessary.

52. Water only as rapidly as the soil can absorb the water.

5.11 Risk Assessment and Disaster ManagementConstruction sites in general do not handle toxic and or hazardous chemicals in largequantities, and the usage of the same is temporary for specific tasks. However theconstruction activity has a number of hazards resulting injuries and fatalities, and arenot reported widely due to the unorganized nature of construction professions. Theproposed project shall ensure the safety of workers and equipment to reduce andmitigate hazards. The hazards and mitigation measures due to various constructionactivities, and hazards to specific professions of construction are discussed as follows;

Site planning and layoutSite planning is essential to ensure safety and health of workers, in urban work siteswhich have space constraints. Site planning shall reduce and or help avoiding accidentsdue to collision of men with material and equipment etc. It is essential to plan thesequence of construction operations, access for workers on and around the site withsignage, location of work shops for welding, carpentary etc., location of first air facility,adequate lighting for work areas, site security by provision of fence or barricades,arrangements to keep the site tidy and for collection and removal of wastes.

Site tidinessAll the construction workers are briefed about the importance of keeping the site tidy,by clearing the rubbish and scrap at the end of the day, to keep the work area clear ofequipment and material, by depositing the waste in a designated location, by cleaningup spills of materials.



ExcavationExcavation for foundation and trenches involves removal of soil and rock. Excavation ortrenching plan shall consider underground services if any. The hazards related toexcavation are face collapse and injury or burial of workers by soil and rock, fall and slipof people in excavated pits and trenches, and injury to workers due to falling materialor equipment. The precautions to be taken are protection of excavation faces bysupport material, erection of shoring along trenches.Urban areas have building properties adjacent to the developing site, in such cases it isnecessary to shore the face of adjacent property to avoid fall or collapse of neighboringland or wall. Vehicular movement surrounding the excavated area needs to berestricted so as to avoid face collapse, and possible injury to workers. Excavation areasshall be provided with adequate lighting.

ScaffoldingOne of the important and serious safety risk in construction activity is fall of personfrom a height and fall of materials and objects from height resulting in injury toworkers. Scaffold is a supporting structure connecting two are more platforms used foreither storage of materials or as a work place. Guard rails and toe boards shall beprovided at every place where the height of scaffolding is more than 2 m. It shall beensured that scaffold is anchored and tied to the building, it is not overloaded with menand material, it is examined (both bamboo or wood and rope) frequently for infectionby insects, and that timber, if used, is not painted.

LaddersLadders are most commonly used equipment, as it is readily available and inexpensive,and is used widely. However the limitations of ladders are overlooked resulting ininjuries and fatalities. Ladders have limitations; allows only one person to work, climb,and carry materials or work with one hand, restricts movement, should be secured allthe time either using ropes or other people. It is essential to secure the ladder beforeuse. The safe use of ladder involves; ensuring that there are no overhead power lines,ladder extends at least one meter above the landing place, never use props to extendthe height of ladder, facing the ladder while climbing or descending, making sure footware of ladder user is free of mud and grease, not to over balance or over reach andusing a hoist line instead of carrying materials.

Steel ErectionSteel erection of building frames requires construction work at heights and in exposedpositions. However planning at the design stage, setting the sequence of operations,supervising during construction, and usage of personal protective equipment like safetybelts in addition to provision of safety nets, anchorage points etc.

Confined SpacesConstruction work in confined spaces like open manholes, sewers, trenches, pipes,ducts etc. may have dangerous atmosphere due to lack of oxygen or due to presence offlammable or toxic gases. Work confined space is always conducted under supervision,with adequate safety measures like; checking the atmosphere in confined space beforeentry, provision of rescue harness to everyone, involvement of minimum of twopersons – one person for monitoring and ready for rescuing if needed, provision of



safety equipment like atmospheric testing device, safety harness, torch light, first aidequipment, fire fighting apparatus, and resuscitation equipment.

VehiclesThe construction area shall have multiples of vehicles moving material with in the siteand from out side the site. The most common causes of onsite traffic incidents are;bad driving technique, carelessness, carrying unauthorized passengers, poormaintenance of vehicles, site congestion, overloading, and uneven ground and debris.It is proposed to ensure that all drivers have appropriate driving license, routes areplanned, marked and leveled, enlisting additional workers during reversing, switchingoff the engine during idling, and periodic maintenance schedule for all vehicles.

Movement of materials – Cranes and HoistsCranes and hoists are used for movement of materials within the site. The operators ofthese machines are qualified and the cabins will have a signal chart to understand thesignals given by site workers. The site workers are trained in signals for transmitting tothe operators of these machines. Stability of these machines and overloading aremajor concerns while operating these machines, hence it is necessary to avoidoverloading, and to ensure structural stability of these machines before use. Thecranes will have safety hooks, and the workers are trained in using the same, andcriticality of the hook. In case of hoists, it will be ensured that a gate is provided at eachplatform, travel of passengers is avoided, and platforms are always aligned with landingpoints.

Lifting and CarryingConstruction work involves a lot of manual labour resulting in stress and injury to theworkers. It is proposed to provide wheel burrows, trolleys etc., to avoid manualcarrying of materials. In situations where manual lifting of materials is needed, theworkers are trained in safety related to correct lifting technique, throwing technique inaddition to provision of personal protective equipment.

Working positions tools and equipmentThere is an increased reliance of tools and equipment in the construction industry in thepast 15 years resulting in reduced risk of physical exhaustion. However the equipment,working positions in using the equipment have its own hazards, which need to beavoided to reduce risks like musculoskeletal disorders. It will be ensured that workerspreferably work in sitting posture with necessary tools handy, to avoid physicalexertion, the right tools are provided, and carrying tools in pockets avoided, and wornout tools are replaced in time. In case of power driven tools, the dangerous part of themachinery is always covered, the tool is never left in operation when not in use, andpower is switched off immediately in case of any incident, to avoid physical injury toworkers.

Working EnvironmentMany chemical substances like adhesives, cleaning agents, floor treatments, fungicides,cements, grouts, insulants, sealants, paints, solvents etc. Solvents are criticalsubstances which require due attention as they are flammable and or toxic in few cases.The usage of these chemical substances is always ensured to follow the instructions



mentioned by the manufacturers. Solvents will not be used for removal of paints andgrease from skin. Personal protective equipment is provided by the proponent and orthe contractor and the site safety executive shall ensure the same. Construction sitesare also major sources of noise resulting in hearing impairment. Hence it will beensured that all emission sources are provided with mufflers or silencers, motors arecovered, machinery panels are secured and are not allowed to rattle, and noiseattenuating screens are provided to segregate noisy working areas, in addition toprovision of personal protective equipment. Gloves are used when using Vibrationcausing equipment. Adequate lighting is provided in work areas to mitigate hazards.

Health Hazards on Construction SitesConstruction works involve various trades with variable times of operation.Construction operations have a number of potential hazardous operations and resultingin health hazards to workers. Exposure differs from trade to trade, from job to job, bythe day, even by the hour. Exposure to any one hazard is typically intermittent and ofshort duration, but is likely to reoccur. A worker may not only encounter hazardsrelated to his profession, but also encounters hazards related to other professions inthe vicinity. This pattern of exposure is a consequence of having many employers withjobs of relatively short duration and working alongside workers in other trades thatgenerate other hazards. The hazard severity is contingent on concentration andduration of exposure in a specific construction work. A list of hazards present forworkers in various trades is presented in table 5.7.

Table 5.7 list of hazards present for workers in various tradesOccupations Hazards

Brick masons Cement dermatitis, awkwardpostures, heavy loads

Stonemasons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loadsHard tile setters Vapour from bonding agents, dermatitis, awkward

posturesCarpenters Wood dust, heavy loads, repetitive motionDrywall installers Plaster dust, walking on stilts, heavy loads, awkward

posturesElectricians Heavy metals in solder fumes, awkward posture,

heavy loads, asbestos dustElectrical power installers andrepairers

Heavy metals in solder fumes, heavy loads, asbestosdust

Painters Solvent vapours, toxic metals in pigments, paintadditives

Paperhangers Vapours from glue, awkward posturesPlasterers Dermatitis, awkward posturesPlumbers Fumes and particles, welding fumesPipefitters Fumes and particles, welding fumes, asbestos dustCarpet layers Knee trauma, awkward postures, glue and glue

vapourSoft tile installers Bonding agents



Occupations HazardsConcrete and terrazzofinishers

Awkward postures

Glaziers Awkward posturesInsulation workers Asbestos, synthetic fibers, awkward posturesPaving, surfacing and tampingequipment operators

Asphalt emissions, gasoline and diesel engineexhaust, heat

Sheet metal duct installers Awkward postures, heavy loads, noiseStructural metal installers Awkward postures, heavy loads, working at heightsWelders Welding emissionsSolderers Metal fumes, lead, cadmiumDrillers, earth, rock Silica dust, whole-body vibration, noiseAir hammer operators Noise, whole-body vibration, silica dustPile driving operators Noise, whole-body vibrationHoist and winch operators Noise, lubricating oilCrane and tower operators Stress, isolationExcavating and loadingmachine operators

Silica dust, histoplasmosis, whole-body vibration,heat stress, noise

Grader, dozer and scraperoperators

Silica dust, whole-body vibration, heat noise

Highway and streetconstruction workers

Asphalt emissions, heat, diesel engine exhaust

Truck and tractor equipmentoperators

Whole-body vibration, diesel engine exhaust

Demolition workers Asbestos, lead, dust, noiseHazardous waste workers Heat, stress

Construction HazardsHazards for construction workers are typically of four classes: chemical, physical,biological and social.

Chemical hazardsChemical hazards are mainly due to inhalation of dusts, fumes, mists, vapours or gases,although some airborne hazards may settle on and be absorbed through the intact skin(e.g., pesticides and some organic solvents). Chemical hazards also occur in liquid orsemi-liquid state (e.g., glues or adhesives, tar) or as powders (e.g., dry cement). Skincontact with chemicals in this state can occur in addition to possible inhalation of thevapor resulting in systemic poisoning or contact dermatitis. Chemicals might also beingested with food or water, or might be inhaled by smoking.

Several illnesses have been linked to the construction trades, among them: Silicosisamong sand blasters and rock drill operators; Asbestosis (and other diseases caused byasbestos) among asbestos insulation workers, steam pipe fitters, building demolitionworkers and others; Bronchitis among welders, Skin allergies among masons and others



who work with cement: Neurologic disorders among painters and others exposed toorganic solvents.

Physical hazardsPhysical hazards are present in every construction project. These hazards include noise,heat and cold, radiation, vibration and barometric pressure. Construction work oftenmust be done in extreme weather conditions. The usage of machines for constructionis resulting in noise. The sources of noise are engines of all kinds (e.g., on vehicles, aircompressors and cranes), winches, paint guns, pneumatic hammers, power saws,sanders, planers and many more. It affects not only the person operating the machine,but all the workers close-by. This may not only cause noise-induced hearing loss, butalso may mask other sounds that are important for communication and for safety.Pneumatic hammers, many hand tools and earth-moving and other large mobilemachines also subject workers to segmental and whole-body vibration. Heat and coldhazards arise primarily because a large portion of construction work is conducted whileexposed to the weather, the principal source of heat and cold hazards. Heavyequipment operators may sit beside a hot engine and work in an enclosed cab withwindows and without ventilation. Those that work in an open cab with no roof have noprotection from the sun. A shortage of potable water or shade contributes to heatstress as well. The principal sources of non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation are thesun and electric arc welding. Lasers are becoming more common and may cause injury,especially to the eyes, if the beam is intercepted. Strains and sprains are among themost common injuries among construction workers. These, and many chronicallydisabling musculoskeletal disorders (such as tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and low-back pain) occur as a result of either traumatic injury, repetitive forceful movements,awkward postures or overexertion. Falls due to unstable footing, unguarded holes andslips off scaffolding and ladders are very common.

Biological hazardsBiological hazards are presented by exposure to infectious micro-organisms, to toxicsubstances of biological origin or animal attacks. Excavation workers, for example, candevelop histoplasmosis, an infection of the lung caused by a common soil fungus. Sincethere is constant change in the composition of the labour force on any one project,individual workers come in contact with other workers and, as a consequence, maybecome infected with contagious diseases-influenza or tuberculosis, for example.Workers may also be at risk of malaria disease if work is conducted in areas wherethese organisms and their insect vectors are prevalent.

Social hazardsEmployment in construction sector is intermittent, and control over many aspects ofemployment is limited because construction activity is dependent on many factors overwhich construction workers have no control, such as the state of an economy or theweather. Because of the same factors, there can be intense pressure to become moreproductive. Since the workforce is constantly changing, and with it the hours andlocation of work, and many projects require living in work camps away from home andfamily, construction workers may lack stable and dependable networks of socialsupport. Features of construction work such as heavy workload, limited control andlimited social support are the very factors associated with increased stress in other



industries. These hazards are not unique to any trade, but are common to allconstruction workers in one way or another.

Decreasing exposure concentrationThree general types of controls can be used to reduce the concentration ofoccupational hazards. These are, from most to least effective: engineering controls atsource, environmental controls that remove hazard from environment, personalprotection equipment provided to the worker.

Engineering controlsHazards originate at a source. The most efficient way to protect workers from hazards isto change the primary source with some sort of engineering change. For example, a lesshazardous substance can be substituted for one that is more hazardous. Water can besubstituted for organic solvents in paints. Similarly, non-silica abrasives can replacesand in abrasive blasting (also known as sand blasting). Or a process can befundamentally changed, such as by replacing pneumatic hammers with impacthammers that generate less noise and vibration. If sawing or drilling generates harmfuldusts, particulate matter or noise, these processes could be done by shear cutting orpunching. Technological improvements are reducing the risks of some musculoskeletaland other health problems. Many of the changes are straightforward-for example, atwo-handed screwdriver with a longer handle increases torque on the object andreduces stress on the wrists.

Environmental controlsEnvironmental controls are used to remove a hazardous substance from theenvironment, if the substance is airborne, or to shield the source, if it is a physicalhazard. Provision of flexible Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) may be used. The simpleand effective method for controlling exposure to radiant physical hazards (noise,ultraviolet (UV) radiation from arc welding, infrared radiant (IR) heat from hot objects)is to shield them with some appropriate material. Plywood sheets shield IR and UVradiation, and material that absorbs and reflects sound will provide some protectionfrom noise sources. Major sources of heat stress are weather and hard physicallabour. Adverse effects from heat stress can be avoided through reductions in theworkload, provision of water and adequate breaks in the shade and, possibly, nightwork.

Personal protectionWhen engineering controls or changes in work practices do not adequately protectworkers, workers may need to use personal protective equipment (PPE). In order forsuch equipment to be effective, workers must be trained in its use, and the equipmentmust fit properly and be inspected and maintained. Furthermore, if others who are inthe vicinity may be exposed to the hazard, they should either be protected orprevented from entering the area.

Eating and sanitary facilitiesA lack of eating and sanitary facilities may also lead to increased exposures. Often,workers cannot wash before meals and must eat in the work zone, which means theymay inadvertently swallow toxic substances transferred from their hands to food or



cigarettes. A lack of changing facilities at a worksite may result in transport ofcontaminants from the workplace to a worker’s home. It is proposed to provideseparate temporary canteen and changing place for employees.

5.12 FIRE PROTECTION PLAN/SYSTEM

List of Input Parameters and Design CriteriaThe proposed fire protection system conforms to requirements of Amendment No.3,January 1997 to National Building code of India 1983 (SP 7: 1983 Part-IV). As Per NBC,The Hospital Building Is Classified as Group-E. Source of water for Fire fighting is frommetro water supply.

Codes & StandardsThe applicable codes & standards will be the latest version of the following:IS: 1978 – Line PipesIS: 1367,GL – 4B, 4 – Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fastenersIS: 1239 – Mild steel tubes, tubular and other wrought steel fittingsIS: 10221 – Code of practice for coating and wrapping of underground mild steelstructuresIS: 903 – Fire hose delivery couplings, branch pipe, nozzles and nozzle spannerIS: 4927 – Unlined flax canvas hose for fire fightingIS: 8423 – Controlled percolating hose for fire fightingIS: 5290 – Landing valvesIS: 2878 – Specification for fire extinguisher, carbon-do-oxide type (portable and trolleymounted)IS: 933 – Portable chemical foam fire extinguisherIS: 2171 – Portable fire extinguishers, dry powder (cartridge type)IS: 4308 – Specification for dry powder for fire fightingIS: 4861 – Dry powder for fire fighting in burning metalsIS: 2871 – Specification for branch pipe, universal for fire fighting purposesIS: 2189 – Selection, installation and maintenance of automatic fire detection and alarmsystemIS: 636 – Non- percolating flexible fire fighting delivery hoseIS: 3034 – Fire safety of industrial buildings: electrical generating and distributingstations.IS: 9137 - Code for acceptance tests for centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps – ClassCIS: 10981 – Class of acceptance test for centrifugal flow and axial pumpsTariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of India/NFPA standardsOISD – 117 – Oil Installations

System DescriptionThe fire protection system contains; Firewater pumping system, Wet riser system andHose reel system, Yard hydrant system, Automatic sprinkler system, The Pressurizationsystem, Portable First Aid fire extinguishers, Fire safety plans, Analogue addressableAutomatic fire detection and alarm system.



Fire water pumping systemFirewater to the complete fire protection system shall be catered through an RCCUnderground (UG) storage tank of capacity 300 cum located at the ground floor of theHospital building. Water to this tank shall be fed by gravity tapped off from the borewell water supply line. The following are the motor driven and diesel driven firewaterpumps that shall be located adjacent to the UG storage tank.i) Fire Hydrant pump (Motor driven) -1 No. 2850 lpm @100m head.

ii) Sprinkler pump (Motor Driven) – 1 No. 2850 lpm @ 100 m head

iii) Common standby pump (Engine driven) 1 No. 2850 lpm @ 100m head.

iv) Jockey pump (Motor driven) -1 No.180 lpm @ 100m head shall be provided formaintaining system pressure at all times and to compensate the minor losses.

v) Terrace level booster pump (motor driven) – 1No. 900 lpm @35m head.

All the pumps will be of horizontal centrifugal end suction type. These pumps shalldraw water from the underground RCC static tank of capacity 300 m3 for hydrant andsprinkler system.

The level switches shall be provided in the Underground tank and terrace tank.Breaching inlet shall be provided at the inlet of the storage tank for quick filling by firebrigade.

Wet riser and Hose reel systemWet riser shall be provided at all floor landings of the staircase of the Hospital building.Water supply to the wet risers shall be fed directly from the motor driven wet riserpump. This system shall consist of double hydrant outlet landing valve installed at aheight of 1000 mm above finished floor level and a separate tap off for hose reelassociated with hoses, branch pipe and nozzles for Hospital building at each floor oneach riser. The system shall be designed hydraulically to meet the flow and pressurerequirements as per NBC. Hydrant accessories such as hose reel, branch pipe andnozzles etc. shall be provided in separate enclosures/cabinet with glass panels.

Four way breaching inlets with sluice check valve shall be installed and connected toeach wet riser. The breaching inlets shall be located at 1000 mm above the ground floorlevel.

The pipe material for Wet risers shall be Galvanised Iron (GI) "C" class as perrequirements of the local fire Hospital from pump house to discharge to Wet riser andhose reel system topmost hydrant/ hose reel.

In the event of fire, if the hydrant or hose reel are opened, the pressure in the wet risermain will drop due to the resulting flow, thereby the booster pump comes in tooperation at a preset low pressure. If the pressure drops further, at a preset lowpressure in the wet riser, the wet riser pump shall start automatically by getting animpulse from a pressure switch provided on the main.

In case the wet riser pump fails to start, the pressure in the main will drop further andat a pre-set low pressure, the common stand by pump diesel shall come into operationby getting an impulse from a pressure switch provided. Stopping of the pump shall bemanual.



Automatic Sprinkler SystemsAutomatic sprinkler system shall be provided to cover all the floors of the Hospitalbuilding. Sprinklers shall be provided in two layers in all the floors of the Hospital area,upright type sprinkler at RCC ceiling level and pendent type sprinkler with rosette plateat false ceiling level. Water supply to the sprinkler system shall be fed from the motordriven sprinkler pump. This system shall be designed hydraulically to meet the flow andpressure requirements as per codes and standards. This system shall comprise ofnetwork of piping, valves, sprinkler heads, flow switches etc. The sprinklers shall bedesigned to produce spherical type of discharge with a portion of water being thrownupwards to the ceiling. Sprinklers shall be of satin chromed finish to architect'srequirement. Ceiling plates shall be of steel construction and shall be either chromed orpainted to architect's requirement. Sprinkler pipes shall be so installed that the systemcan be thoroughly drained.

Four Way breaching inlets with check valves shall be provided and connected to theeach sprinkler riser.

The mode of operation of the sprinkler system is as follows:

In the event of fire in any section of the area to be protected by the sprinkler system,the sprinklers in that particular section shall open initiating the flow of water andannunciating the flow of water through flow switch provided at each sprinkler tap offriser. The motor driven sprinkler pump shall start automatically due to consequentialpressure drop in the sprinkler system piping. In case motor driven sprinkler pump failsto start, standby diesel engine driven pump shall come into operation by getting animpulse from a pressure switch provided at a preset low pressure. During sprinklersystem operation a local alarm shall be raised by activation of flow switch. Stopping ofthe pumps shall be manual.

Yard Hydrant SystemThe yard hydrant shall be located at various places around the building. The watersupply for yard hydrant shall be tapped off from wet riser system headers. Each singleheaded yard hydrant shall be provided with hoses, nozzles and accessories. All Hydrantaccessories shall be located in a Hose box adjacent to Hydrant valve. Brick masonryvalve chambers with cast iron covers shall be provided wherever required for isolatingthe system to enable maintenance if any without affecting the complete system.

The mode of operation of the hydrant system is as follows. In the event of fire, hydrantvalves are opened, at the preset low pressure the wet riser pumps shall start asfurnished in Wet riser system. In case of failure of wet riser pump stand by commonpump shall come into operation.

Pressurization SystemThe common pressurization system of wet riser system shall comprise of one (1) Jockeypump operating automatically. In the event of minor system leakages either in wet risersystem the Jockey pump will start automatically by getting an impulse from pressureswitch provided on the discharge header of the Jockey pump. The Jockey pump shallstop automatically once the mains pressure is restored to original set value. All pressureswitches shall have two (2) contacts -one for starting / stopping the Jockey pump and



the other for Jockey pump running annunciation in the panel. The control panel shallhave all necessary control and interlock for operation and control of the pumps. Jockeypump shall not be running when main pump/booster pump are under operation.

Portable First Aid Fire ExtinguishersPortable extinguishers such as carbon-di-oxide extinguishers, dry chemical powders etc.shall be provided in all areas of the building. The type of portable fire extinguishers andtheir numbers shall be as per NBC. Service tags shall be provided and attached on allextinguishers installed.

4.5kg extinguisher to be provided for every 500sqft of work area, every electrical room,and in every AHU room. A 22.5kg DCP cylinder on trolley for every DG set and UPS.All safety equipments like fire buckets with one spare filled cylinder shall be provided.

Fire Safety PlansFire escape route printed in signal red colour shall be fixed near fire exit staircases,which shall show directions to the inmates for escape in case of fire.

Fire order as per NBC shall be fixed near lift/lift lobby, which shall guide action to betaken in case of fire.

Analogue Addressable Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm systemAutomatic fire alarm and detection and alarm system shall be provided for the Hospitalbuilding.

The fire detection and alarm system proposed consists of: Multi sensor Smokedetectors which shall be provided in the electrical switchgear room, electricalriser/ducts, lift shaft, lift machine room, BAS, communication room, and in Hospitalarea of all the floors above and below the false ceiling. Heat detectors shall be providedin pantry, DG room and kitchen. Manual call points shall be provided at all theentrances and exits. Hooters with strobe lights shall be provided at all the entrancesand exits, staircases and also inside Hospital areas.

Mimic panel shall be located in the smoke free lobby at each floor of Hospital buildingto indicate the location of fire. A central fire alarm panel shall be located at the Firecommand centre. This panel shall have the indication to identify the location of fire inthe building.Fire alarm panel shall be located at the reception area and the repeater panel shall belocated in the guardhouse.

The provisions shall conform to the requirements of the National Building Code (NBC)1983, AMD3 (SP-7 1983, part- IV).

Fire Suppression SystemFM200 Gas fire suppression system is recommended for the server rooms.

Inspection and TestingInspection & testing will be carried out as per the Approved Quality Assurance plan.Minimum requirement will be as indicated below.

Shop Tests on Hydrant Valves:



a) Dimensionalb) Hydro test of bodyc) Flow test on 5% of valvesd) Seat leakage Teste) Operational check

Shop Tests on hose cabinets:a) Hydro Test of hose pipe/coupling/nozzleb) Percolation testc) Burst test (Type test or Type test report)

Dimensional InspectionOn completion of erection, at Site, Pipes will be hydro tested at 1.5 times the pumpshut-off head, or twice the operating pressure, whichever is higher.

HOSPITAL @ TIRUPATIM/s. Amara Raja Infra Pvt. Ltd.,

Survey. Nos. 308/3, 308/4, 308/5, 308/6, 308/7, 308/8B, 308/9B,308/10B, 308/11, 308/12, 309/1A, 309/1B, 309/2, 309/3, 309/4,

309/5, 309/6, 309/7, 309/8, 309/9, 309/10, 309/11,309/12,310/1, 310/2, 310/3, 310/4, 310/5, 310/6,310/12, 311/1, 311/2B,

311/5, 311/6, 311/9 & 311/10, Karakambadi Village,Renigunta Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh

Studies and Documentation by:Team Labs and Consultants(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified company)

B-115 - 117 & 509, Annapurna Block,Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet,Hyderabad- 500 038Phone: 91-040-23748555/23748616Fax : 91-040-23748666e-mail: [email protected]

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