Hospital Hygiene Ppt

8/13/2019 Hospital Hygiene Ppt

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HOSPITAL HYGIENE

&

KRIYAKRAMAHYGIENE

DR PAvANA jMO; DAH

ASRAMAM


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CleaningOne of the most basic measures for the maintenance of hygiene, and one that is

particularly important in the hospital environment, is cleaning. The principal

aim of cleaning is to remove visible dirt. It is essentially a mechanical process:

the dirt is dissolved by water, diluted until it is no longer visible, and rinsed off.

Soaps and detergents act as solubility promoting agents.

Thorough cleaning will remove more than 90% of microorganisms. However,

careless and superfcial cleaning is much less effective; it is even possible thatit has a negative effect, by dispersing the microorganisms over a greater

surface and increasing the chance that they may contaminate other objects

Cleaning has therefore to be carried out in a standardized manner or, better, by

automated means that will guarantee an adequate level of cleanliness.

Diluting and removing the dirt also removes the breeding-ground or culturemedium for bacteria and fungi.

The effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization is increased by prior or

simultaneous cleaning


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Essentials of the standard precautions to be used in the care of all

patients

A. Hand washing

Wash hands after touching blood, secretions, excretions and contaminated items, whether or not

gloves are worn. Wash hands immediately after gloves are removed, between patient contacts.

Use a plain soap for routine hand washing.

Use an antimicrobial agent for specific circumstances.

B. Gloves

Wear gloves when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, andcontaminated items. Put on clean gloves just before touching mucous membranes

and non-intact skin.

C. Mask, eye protection, face shield

Wear a mask and eye protection or a face shield during procedures and patient care

activities that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body

fluids, secretions, and excretions.

D. Gown

Wear a gown during procedures and patient-care activities that are likely to

generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.


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E. Patient-care equipment

Ensure that reusable equipment is not used for the care of another patient until

it has been cleaned and reprocessed appropriately.

F. Environmental control

Ensure that the hospital has adequate procedures for the routine care, cleaning,

and disinfection of environmental surfaces.

G. Linen

Handle used linen, soiled with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions in

a manner that prevents skin and mucous membrane exposures, and that avoidstransfer of microorganisms to other patients and environments.

H. Occupational health and blood borne pathogens

Take care to prevent injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp

instruments or devices.

Use ventilation devices as an alternative to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

methods.

I. Place of care of the patient

Place a patient who contaminates the environment or who does not assist in

maintaining appropriate hygiene in an isolated (or separate) room.


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Hand hygiene

Handwashing frequently is called the single most important

measure to reduce the risks of transmitting skinmicroorganisms from one person to another or from one

site to another on the same patient. Washing hands as

promptly and thoroughly as possible between patient

contacts and after contact with blood, bodyfluids, secretions, excretions, and equipment or articles

contaminated by them is an important component of

infection control and isolation precautions.

Two categories of micro-organisms can be present onhealth care workers' hands:

transient flora

resident flora.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_flora


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Dr. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis 1818-1865

The Savior of Mothers

It was not uncommon to have a mortality rate of up to 30%in the obstetrical wards of Europe in the mid 19th century

Semmelweiss, while working at the Vienna General Hospital in Austria,

discovered in 1847 that hand washing with chlorinated lime solutions reduced

the incidence of fatal puerperal fever from 12 percent to about 2 percent.

He came to this conclusion after observing that the incidence of puerperal

fever was over six times higher in women that had been attended to by

physicians compared to those that had been attended to by midwives or nursesat the hospital.


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When I look back upon the past, I can only dispel the sadness

which falls upon me, by gazing into that happy future whenthe infection will be banished. - Semmelweiss


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Hospital Hygiene Ppt

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