Horticulture in Hotels

8/2/2019 Horticulture in Hotels

1/14

Part of a parterre in an English garden

Garden at Anne Hathaway's Cottage

Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants. In gardens,

ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance;

useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown

for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use. A gardener is

someone who practices gardening.

Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with oneor more different types ofshrubs, trees and herbaceous plants, to residential yards

including lawns and foundation plantings, to plants in large or small containers

grown inside or outside. Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of

plant grown, or involve a large number of different plants in mixed plantings. It

involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor

intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parterrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hathaway%27s_Cottagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_root_vegetableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_vegetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaceous_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_%28land%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anne_hathaway_gardens_2007-1.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parterre2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anne_hathaway_gardens_2007-1.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parterre2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_%28land%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaceous_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_vegetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_root_vegetableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hathaway%27s_Cottagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parterre


2/14

History

Forest gardening is the world's oldest form of gardening.[1]

Forest gardens

originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet

foothills of monsoon regions. In the gradual process of families improving their

immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and

improved whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign

species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.[2]

After the emergence of the first civilizations, wealthy individuals began to create

gardens for purely aesthetic purposes. Egyptian tomb paintings from around 1500

BC provide some of the earliest physical evidence of ornamental horticulture and

landscape design; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by symmetrical rows of

acacias and palms. Ornamental gardens were known in ancient times, a famous

example being the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, while ancient Rome had dozensof gardens. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are a World Heritage Site and one of

the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Elaborate ornamental gardens existed since ancient Egypt, when wealthy people

used them for shade. Egyptians associated trees and gardens with gods as they

believed that their deities were pleased by gardens. Commonly, the gardens in

ancient Egypt were surrounded by walls with trees planted in rows. Among the

most popular species that used to be planted were date palms, sycamores, fig trees,

nut trees, and willows. These gardens were a sign of higher socioeconomic status.

Wealthy ancient Egyptians also grew vineyards, as wine was a sign of the highersocial classes. Roses, poppies, daisies and irises did not miss from the gardens of

the Egyptians.

The Assyrians were also popular for their beautiful gardens. These tended to be

wide and large, some of them used for hunting game on (much as a game reserve

would today) and others as leisure gardens. Cypresses and palms were some of the

most planted types of trees. It is believed that when the Assyrian Empire was

destroyed Babylon developed as an empire with its very famous hanging gardens.

The ancient Roman gardens are known by their statues and sculptures, never

missing from the lives of Romans. These gardens were laid out with hedges and

vines and they contained a wide variety of flowers, including acanthus,

cornflowers and crocus, cyclamen, hyacinth, iris and ivy, lavender, lilies, myrtle,

narcissus, poppy, rosemary and violet.[3]

The beds of flowers were popular in the

courtyards of the rich Romans.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_lotushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28plant%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthus_%28plant%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornflowershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclamenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclamenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornflowershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthus_%28plant%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28plant%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_lotushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_gardening


3/14

A gardener at work, 1607

The Middle Age represented a period of decline in what concerns gardening. Afterthe fall of Rome gardening was only done with the purpose of growing medicinalherbs and decorating church altars.

Islamic gardens were built after the model of Persian gardens and they were

usually enclosed by walls and divided in 4 by watercourses. Commonly, the center

of the garden would have a pool or pavilion. Specific to the Islamic gardens are the

mosaics and glazed tiles used to decorate the rills and fountains that were built inthese gardens.

By the late 13th century, rich Europeans began to grow gardens for leisure and for

medicinal herbs and vegetables.[4]

They surrounded the gardens by walls to protect

them from animals and to provide seclusion. During the next two centuries,

Europeans started planting lawns and raising flowerbeds and trellises of roses.

Fruit trees were common in these gardens and also in some, there were turf seats.

At the same time, the gardens in the monasteries were a place to grow flowers and

medicinal herbs but they were also a space where the monks could enjoy nature

and relax.

The gardens in the 16th and 17th century were symmetric, proportioned andbalanced with a more classical appearance. Most of these gardens were built

around a central axis and they were divided into different parts by hedges.

Commonly, gardens had flowerbeds laid out in squares and separated by gravel

paths.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_herbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_herbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion_%28structure%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seclusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mendel_II_073_v.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seclusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion_%28structure%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_herbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_herbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Age


4/14

Gardens in Renaissance were adorned with sculptures, topiary and fountains which

often contained water jokes. In the 17th century, knot gardens became popular

along with the hedge mazes. By this time, Europeans started planting new flowerssuch as tulips, marigolds and sunflowers.

In the 18th century, gardens remained a privilege reserved for the upper class.

They were laid out more naturally, without any walls. Gardens of this century often

contained shrubberies grottoes, pavilions, bridges and follies such as mock

temples. By the next century, gardens became available to the middle class as well.

Also, in 1804 the Horticultural Society was formed. Gardens of the 19th century

contained plants such as the monkey puzzle or Chile pine. This is also the time

when the so called "gardenesque" style of gardens evolved. These gardens

displayed a wide variety of flowers in a rather small space. Rock gardens increased

in popularity in the 19th century.

Types

Conservatory of Flowers in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco

Hanging baskets in Thornbury, South Gloucestershire.

Residential gardening takes place near the home, in a space referred to as the

garden. Although a garden typically is located on the land near a residence, it may

also be located on a roof, in an atrium, on a balcony, in a windowbox, or on a patio

or vivarium.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflowershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornbury,_South_Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_%28architecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balconyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hanging_baskets_in_thornbury_arp.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Conservatory_of_Flowers_3.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hanging_baskets_in_thornbury_arp.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Conservatory_of_Flowers_3.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balconyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_%28architecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornbury,_South_Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflowershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulips


5/14

Gardening also takes place in non-residential green areas, such as parks, public or

semi-public gardens (botanical gardens or zoological gardens), amusement and

amusement parks, along transportation corridors, and around tourist attractions and

garden hotels. In these situations, a staff of gardeners or groundskeepers maintains

the gardens.

Indoor gardening is concerned with the growing of houseplants within aresidence or building, in a conservatory, or in a greenhouse. Indoor gardens

are sometimes incorporated as part ofair conditioning or heating systems.

Native plant gardening is concerned with the use of native plants with orwithout the intent of creating wildlife habitat. The goal is to create a garden

in harmony with, and adapted to a given area. This type of gardening

typically reduces water usage, maintenance, and fertilization costs, while

increasing native faunal interest.

Water gardening is concerned with growing plants adapted to pools andponds. Bog gardens are also considered a type of water garden. These all

require special conditions and considerations. A simple water garden may

consist solely of a tub containing the water and plant(s). In aquascaping, a

garden is created within an aquarium tank.

Container gardening is concerned with growing plants in any type ofcontainer either indoors or outdoors. Common containers are pots, hanging

baskets, and planters. Container gardening is usually used in atriums and on

balconies, patios, and roof tops.

Hgelkultur is concerned with growing plants on piles of rotting wood, as aform ofraised bed gardening and composting in situ.[5]An English loanword

from German, it means "mound garden." Toby Hemenway, noted

Permaculture author and teacher, considers wood buried in trenches to also

be a form of hugelkultur referred to as a dead wood swale.[6]

Hugelkultur is

practiced by Sepp Holzer as a method offorest gardening and agroforestry,

and by Geoff Lawton as a method ofdryland farming and desert greening.[7]

When used as a method of disposing of large volumes of waste wood and

woody debris, hugelkultur accomplishes carbon sequestration.[8]

. It is also a

form ofxeriscaping.

Community gardening is a social activity in which an area of land isgardened by a group of people, providing access to fresh produce and plants

as well as access to satisfying labor, neighborhood improvement, sense of

community and connection to the environment.[9][10]

Community gardens are

typically owned in trust by local governments or nonprofits.[11]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusement_parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusement_parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundskeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houseplanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatory_%28greenhouse%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_plant_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_habitathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_faunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquascapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost#H.C3.BCgelkulturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_bed_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ#Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanwordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swale_%28landform%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Lawtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryland_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_greeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sequestrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeriscapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeriscapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sequestrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_greeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryland_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Lawtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swale_%28landform%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanwordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ#Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_bed_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost#H.C3.BCgelkulturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquascapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_faunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_habitathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_plant_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatory_%28greenhouse%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houseplanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundskeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusement_parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusement_parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden


6/14

Garden sharing partners landowners with gardeners in need of land. Theseshared gardens, typically front or back yards, are usually used to produce

food that is divided between the two parties.

Gardeners

Gardener

Hendrick Danckerts, Royal Gardener John Rose and King Charles II, 1675

A gardener is any person involved in gardening,[12]

arguably the oldest occupation,

from the hobbyist in a residential garden, the homeowner supplementing the family

food with a small vegetable garden or orchard, to an employee in a plant nursery orthe head gardener in a large estate.

The term gardener is also used to describe garden designers and landscape

gardeners, who are involved chiefly in the design of gardens, rather than thepractical aspects of horticulture.

Accessories

Gardening may be performed at a professional level, a hobby, or for therapeutic

reasons. There is a wide range of accessories available in the market for both the

professional gardener and the amateur to exercise their creativity. These

accessories can help decorate all the different areas of gardens such as walk waysand raised beds, and any other area.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_%28land%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_Danckertshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nurseryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_gardenerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Gardener_John_Rose_and_King_Charles_II_-_Hendrick_Danckerts_1675.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gardening.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Gardener_John_Rose_and_King_Charles_II_-_Hendrick_Danckerts_1675.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gardening.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_gardenerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nurseryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_Danckertshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_%28land%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_sharing


7/14

Location, size, budget are all characteristics to be considered when choosing

accessories to improve a garden's deco. Accessories are made of different materials

such as copper, stone, wood, bamboo, metal, stainless steel, clay, stained glass,

concrete, iron, and the weather where the garden is located will determine which

material works best to ensure accessories last long.

A garden's decoration with the appropriate accessories also adds personality and

beauty, and depending on the situation, the decoration chosen will provide

functionality to the garden. Paths for instance are functional for the maintenance of

the garden, and can be somehow decorated using different materials such as pine

needles, wood chips, fieldstone, or bricks. Also, backdrops include walls, fences,

and hedges which are intended to provide privacy. Moreover, they hide unsightly

areas and also emphasize desired views.[13]

Trellis,arbors, and arches add height. Trellises are used for climbing flowers andvines or to create a vertical garden of small fruits and vegetables while arbors and

arches can be places on walkways or entry ways. This kind of structure provideadditional depth to the landscape.

[14]

For those who enjoy their garden at any time, there are also night accessories

which include candle lanterns, oil lamps, patio torches, and illuminations.

Feeders, hummingbird feeders and birdbaths are all good options to invite birds to

visit one's garden and also make good ornaments.

Large accessories such as benches, water fountains, stone features, urns, and

statues should be used sparingly or they will cause a cluttered appearance.

Fountains come in a variety of styles ranging from traditional to modern. Not only

do they work as part of the deco but they also have a calming effect.[15]

Some of

them are made offiberglass which makes them lightweight and weather resistant.

There are also solar-powered fountains with a remote solar panel that can be placedin the sun while the fountain is located in the shadow.

[16]

Other accessories to be taken into account are garden gongs, gazing balls, garden

bugs, garden stakes, pot hangers, spinners, pinwheels which help enhance differentdeco styles.

[17]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_chipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldstonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis_%28architecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arborshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanternshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_lampshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_bathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_%28furniture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urnshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-poweredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-poweredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urnshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fountainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_%28furniture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_bathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_lampshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanternshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arborshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis_%28architecture%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieldstonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_chipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained_glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel


8/14

Gardening departments and centers

Gardening departments and centers mainly sell plants, sundries, and garden

accessories, but in recent times,[when?]

many now stock outdoor leisure products as

diverse as spas, furniture, and barbecues. Many garden centers now include food

halls, and sections for clothing, gifts, pets, and power tools. There are also a

number of online garden centers that now deliver direct to customers' doors.

Comparison with farming

In respect to its food producing purpose, gardening is distinguished from farming

chiefly by scale and intent. Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the

production of saleable goods as a major motivation. Gardening is done on a

smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own

family or community. There is some overlap between the terms, particularly in thatsome moderate-sized vegetable growing concerns, often called market gardening,

can fit in either category.

Planting in a garden

The key distinction between gardening and farming is essentially one of scale;

gardening can be a hobby or an income supplement, but farming is generallyunderstood as a full-time or commercial activity, usually involving more land and

quite different practices. One distinction is that gardening is labor-intensive and

employs very little infrastructural capital, sometimes no more than a few tools, e.g.

a spade, hoe, basket and watering can. By contrast, larger-scale farming often

involves irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers and harvesters or at least ladders,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Chronological_itemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Chronological_itemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Chronological_itemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoe_%28tool%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watering_canhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combine_harvesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brian_Farrell_plants.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combine_harvesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watering_canhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoe_%28tool%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Chronological_items


9/14

e.g. to reach up into fruit trees. However, this distinction is becoming blurred withthe increasing use of power tools in even small gardens.

In part because of labor intensity and aesthetic motivations, gardening is very often

much more productive per unit of land than farming.[citation needed]

In the Soviet

Union, half the food supply came from small peasants' garden plots on the huge

government-run collective farms, although they were tiny patches of land.[18]

Some

argue this as evidence of superiority of capitalism, since the peasants were

generally able to sell their produce. Others consider it to be evidence of a tragedy

of the commons, since the large collective plots were often neglected, or fertilizers

or water redirected to the private gardens.

The term precision agriculture is sometimes used to describe gardening using

intermediate technology (more than tools, less than harvesters), especially of

organic varieties. Gardening is effectively scaled up to feed entire villages of over100 people from specialized plots. A variant is the community garden which offers

plots to urban dwellers; see further in allotment (gardening).

Gardens as art

Garden at the Schultenhof in Mettingen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Garden design is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from

gardening, which generally means garden maintenance. Garden design can include

different themes such as perennial, butterfly, wildlife, Japanese, water, tropical, orshade gardens.

[19] In Japan, Samurai and Zen monks were often required to build

decorative gardens or practice related skills like flower arrangement known as

ikebana. In 18th century Europe, country estates were refashioned by landscape

gardeners into formal gardens or landscaped park lands, such as at Versailles,

France, or Stowe, England. Today, landscape architects and garden designers

continue to produce artistically creative designs for private garden spaces.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriate_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotment_%28gardening%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettingenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floristryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikebanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikebanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowe,_Buckinghamshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schultenhof_Mettingen_Bauerngarten_8.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowe,_Buckinghamshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikebanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floristryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_gardenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettingenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotment_%28gardening%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriate_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_tree


10/14

Professional landscape designers are certified by the Association of ProfessionalLandscape Designers.

[20]

Social aspects

People can express their political or social views in gardens, intentionally or not.The lawn vs. garden issue is played out in urban planning as the debate over the

"land ethic" that is to determine urban land use and whether hyper hygienist

bylaws (e.g. weed control) should apply, or whether land should generally be

allowed to exist in its natural wild state. In a famous Canadian Charter of Rights

case, "Sandra Bell vs. City of Toronto", 1997, the right to cultivate all native

species, even most varieties deemed noxious or allergenic, was upheld as part of

the right of free expression.

Community gardening comprises a wide variety of approaches to sharing land andgardens.

People often surround their house and garden with a hedge. Common hedge plants

are privet,hawthorn,beech,yew, leyland cypress,hemlock,arborvitae, barberry,

box, holly, oleander, forsythia and lavender. The idea of open gardens without

hedges may be distasteful to those who enjoy privacy. This may have an advantageto local wildlife by providing a habitat for birds, animals, and wild plants.

[21]

The Slow Food movement has sought in some countries to add an edible school

yard and garden classrooms to schools, e.g. in Fergus, Ontario, where these wereadded to a public school to augment the kitchen classroom. Garden sharing, where

urban landowners allow gardeners to grow on their property in exchange for a

share of the harvest, is associated with the desire to control the quality of one's

food, and reconnect with soil and community.[22]

In US and British usage, the production of ornamental plantings around buildings

is called landscaping, landscape maintenance or grounds keeping, while

international usage uses the term gardening for these same activities.

Also gaining popularity is the concept of "Green Gardening" which involvesgrowing plants using organic fertilizers and pesticides so that the gardening

process - or the flowers and fruits produced thereby - doesn't adversely affect theenvironment or people's health in any manner.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_ethichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygienehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedomshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyland_Cypresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsugahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuja_occidentalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerium_oleanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsythiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_Foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergus,_Ontariohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscapinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergus,_Ontariohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_Foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsythiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerium_oleanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuja_occidentalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsugahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyland_Cypresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedomshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygienehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_ethichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-19


11/14

Garden pests

Man wearing protective equipment and spraying pesticides

A garden pest is generally an insect, plant, or animal that engages in activity that

the gardener considers undesirable. It may crowd out desirable plants, disturb soil,

stunt the growth of young seedlings, steal or damage fruit, or otherwise kill plants,

hamper their growth, damage their appearance, or reduce the quality of the edible

or ornamental portions of the plant.

Because gardeners may have different goals, organisms considered "garden pests"

vary from gardener to gardener. For example, Tropaeolum speciosum, whilebeautiful, can be considered a pest if it seeds and starts to grow where it is not

wanted. As the root is well below ground, pulling it up does not remove it: it

simply grows again and becomes what may be considered a pest. As another

example, in lawns, moss can become dominant and be impossible to eradicate. In

some lawns, lichens, especially very damp lawn lichens such as Peltigera

lactucfolia and P. membranacea, can become difficult to control and be considered

pests. Despite this, aphids, spider mites, slugs, snails, [[ant]s, birds, and even cats

are commonly considered to be garden pests.[23]

There are many ways to remove unwanted pests from a garden. The techniquesvary depending on the pest, the gardener's goals, and the gardener's philosophy.

For example, snails may be dealt with through the use of a chemical pesticide, anorganic pesticide, hand-picking, barriers, or simply growing snail-resistant plants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaeolumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_mitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:11496_lores.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_mitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaeolumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_equipment


12/14

Garden pest control

Although pest control is often done through the use of pesticides, there are also

more natural ways to prevent getting the garden infested with different parasites.

Yet, pest control and the products used may vary based on the specific type of

plants and type of insects. Although pesticides advertise the control of garden

pests, gardeners must recognize that garden "friends" like bees, ladybugs, and birds

can also be affected by pesticides.

Preventing pests can be done by pulling out weaker plants which may already be

infected. Also, a healthy and organic soil helps in reducing the chances of pest in

the garden. Some specialists recommend using seaweed mulch or spray on the

plants and minimize the insect habitat by cleaning the garden area of debris and

weeds.[24]

Interplanting and rotating crops as well as keeping foliage dry are

methods to prevent pests in their garden. Some plants have pest repellingproperties or draw beneficial insects to the garden. Their use is called companion

planting.[25]

Disinfecting the tools is also important when working with infested

plants and should be performed every time the gardener moves to another area of

the garden. These pest will destroy your garden if not handled properly.

Floral design

Salix discolor used in a decorative arrangement outside a hotel in Boston,

Massachusetts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_plantinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_plantinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_discolorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_discolorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floristryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PussyWillowBoston.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floristryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_discolorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_plantinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_plantinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides


13/14

Floral design is the art of using plant materials and flowers to create a pleasing

and balanced composition. Evidence of refined floristry is found as far back as the

culture ofAncient Egypt. Professionally designed floral designs, arrangements or

artwork incorporate the elements of floral design: Line, Form, Space, Texture and

Color and the Principles of Floral Design:Balance, Proportion, Rhythm, Contrast,Harmony and Unity. Book of Floral Terminology, AIFD.

Floral art in a competition in Rose festival in Chandigarh.

There are many styles of floral design. Eastern, Western and European styles have

all influenced the commercial floral industry as it is today. Ikebana is a Japanese or

eastern style of floral design and incorporates the three main line placements of

heaven, man and earth. In contrast,European style emphasizes color and variety of

botanical materials not limited to just blooming flowers, in mass gatherings of

multiple flowers. Western design historically is characterized by symmetrical,

asymmetrical, horizontal and vertical style of arrangements.

In additional to flower arrangements, the art of floral design includes making

wreaths, nosegays, garlands, boutonnieres, corsages, and bows.Dried arrangements

and related media

Permanent creations and components incorporating dried materials such as bark,

wood, dried flowers, dried (and often aromatic) inflorescences, leaves, leaf

skeletons, preserved materials and artefacts, are common extensions of the art

floral design, and are of practical importance in that they last indefinitely and are

independent of the seasons. Their materials offer effects, idioms, and associations

complementary to, and contrasting with, fresh flowers and foliage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floristryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh_Rose_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikebanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosegayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garland_%28decoration%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutonnierehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_%28knot%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Floral_art.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_%28knot%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutonnierehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garland_%28decoration%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosegayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikebanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh_Rose_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floristryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower


14/14

Floral design schools

With the ever-growing interest in the natural world and flowers, the floral industry

continues to grow. The increase in educational institutes providing training infloral design has expanded to many state universities as well as certified designschools worldwide.

Floral design promoting associations

The most prominent industry associations that promote floral design world-wide

include AIFD (American Institute of Floral Designers ) and SAF (Society of

American Florists) There are many more associations that promote floral design

through workshops,conferences, flower shows and seminars. The leading Britishassociation is the National Association of Flower Aranging Societies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workshopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_conferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flower_shows&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Flower_Aranging_Societies&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Flower_Aranging_Societies&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flower_shows&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_conferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workshopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_industry

Horticulture in Hotels

Documents

Transcript of Horticulture in Hotels