Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future
Transcript of Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future
![Page 1: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Horticulture and GMOs
Current Status and the Future
Kevin M. Folta
Professor and Chairman
Horticultural Sciences Department
kfolta.blogspot.com
@kevinfolta
![Page 2: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Current Status and Current Traits
Pipeline for Horticultural Crops
Pomegranate? Thinking ahead.
Q & A
![Page 3: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Transgenic crop technology (familiar “GMO”) is a precise
extension of conventional plant breeding.
“The techniques used pose no more risk (actually less risk)
than conventional breeding.” (NAS, AAAS, AMA, EFSA many others)
In 17 years there has not been one case of illness or death
related to these products
There are several traits used in only eight commercial
crops, two of them horticultural crops
![Page 4: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
GM Crops Available Now
![Page 5: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How Do We Add a Gene to a Plant?
![Page 6: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Agrobacterium is nature’s genetic engineer
Once the gene of interest is in
one cell, it can be
regenerated into a new plant.
![Page 7: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How do the traits work?
Two main traits– Bt and glyphosate resistance
![Page 8: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bt is one of many
natural anti-insect
proteins
![Page 9: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How Bt Works
bt
![Page 10: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Advantages
Decrease in broad-spectrum
insecticide use on corn and
cotton
Lower fuel and labor costs for
farmers
Solid dividends in the
developing world
No effect on beneficials
Limitations
Need to plant refugia to slow
resistance
Pockets of resistance are seen
and require use of insecticides
Requires careful scouting
![Page 11: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Glyphosate-Resistant (Roundup Ready) Products
A gene is inserted that
allows plants to survive in
the presence of the
herbicide. Farmers can
spray to kill non-transgenic
plants.
![Page 12: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How Herbicide Resistance Works
A B CAmino
acidsproteins
epsps
glyphosate
XPlants
![Page 13: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How Herbicide Resistance Works
A B CAmino
acidsproteins
epsps
glyphosate
X
A B CAmino
acidsproteins
epsps
Plants
Bacteria
glyphosate
![Page 14: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How Herbicide Resistance Works
A B CAmino
acidsproteins
epsps
epsps
Plants
X
glyphosate
A B CAmino
acidsproteins
Bacteria
glyphosate
![Page 15: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How Herbicide Resistance Works
A B CAmino
acidsproteins
epsps
Plants
glyphosate
Resistance!
![Page 16: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Advantages
Switch to a low-toxicity
herbicide, cheap and effective
Lower fuel and labor costs for
farmers
Decreased tilling, saved
topsoil
Limitations
Weeds can evolve resistance,
requiring increased labor, lower
yields, and new control
strategies. New chemistries.
![Page 17: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Crop Biotechnology 2.0
What is in the pipeline opportunities are lost
because of the rigorous, time consuming and
expensive deregulation process?
![Page 18: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Golden Rice
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
Opposition to golden rice cost $2 billion to
farmers in developing countries and 1.4
million human years – Wesseler et al., 2014
![Page 20: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cassava
Virus Resistant Cassava (VIRCA)
Biocassava Plus (BC Plus)
250 million depend on cassava
50 million tons lost to virus.
X
X Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
![Page 21: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Survives moderate drought, especially at key times like flowering
It is based on overexpression of a maize stress gene
Non transgenic transgenic
X
X Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
![Page 22: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Allergy-Free Peanuts
Peanut – RNAi suppression Ara h2 X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
![Page 23: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BS2 TomatoA pepper gene in tomato eases black spot and wilt.
X
X Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
![Page 24: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
High Anthocyanin TomatoA transcription factor excites anthocyanin production in fruits
X
X Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
X
Longer shelf life too.
![Page 25: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Low Acrylamide, non Browning Potatoes
X
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
![Page 26: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Non Browning ApplesSilencing a gene that leads to discoloration
X
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
Small Business!X
![Page 27: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Grapes resistant to Pierce’s Disease
X
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
X
![Page 28: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
One acre of omega-3 producing soybeans yields as much oil as
10,000 fish!
![Page 30: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Stopping Citrus Greening
Spinach defensin
Other plant genes
Many show promise
Earliest deregulation is
2019
![Page 31: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Edible Cotton Seeds!
Chestnut blight has
destroyed the American
Chestnut.
A single gene confers
resistance to the
disease.
Not food… so
deregulation is an
interesting question.
![Page 32: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What are the big issues in pomegranate?
Breeding is an important step to develop new varieties as foundation
for future transgenic events
- Disease resistance?
- Flowering time?
- Abiotic stress?
- Chilling requirement?
- What else?
![Page 33: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
“It is better to have it and not need it, than to need it and not have it.”
Should understanding the in-vitro biology of pomegranate be a priority?
Nalk and Chand, 2011
![Page 34: Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050123/626d9863f34abe3102763e94/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Thank you.
kfolta.blogspot.com
@kevinfolta
I’m always happy to answer your questions by email or phone