Hormones That Affect Blood Sugar & Reproductive Hormones

8.2 & 8.5

Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8883.htm

Islets of Langerhans(Image from: http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm)

• groups of cells in the pancreas

• beta cells produce insulin

• alpha cells produce glucagon

Regulation of Blood Sugar(Image from: http://tattoo12.co.gp/keyword/glucose%20levels)

Diabetes Mellitus

• insufficient production or use of insulin

• without insulin, blood sugar levels rise quickly after eating (hyperglycemia)

• because glucose is eliminated in urine, body uses protein & fat as energy source

Adrenal Glands(Image from: http://images.yourdictionary.com/adrenal-gland)

• adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline

• adrenal cortex produces 3 different types of hormones

Adrenal Cortex

• glucocorticoids– group of hormones designed to keep blood

glucose levels high (in times of stress)

• mineralocorticoids– group of hormones that regulate salt-water

balance (such as aldosterone)

• sex hormones

Reproductive Hormones

Male Reproductive System(Image from: http://www.getceusnow.com/human_sexuality/penis.htm)

Puberty in Males

• hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

• activates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

• FSH acts on seminiferous tubules to increase sperm-production; LH acts on interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Feedback in Males(Image from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/721069_2)

Female Reproductive System(Image from: http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/female-reproductive-system-overview)

Female Reproductive Cycle(Image on next slide from: http://all-nurses.blogspot.com/2011/05/menstrual-cycle.html)

• hypothalamus releases GnRH

• causes anterior pituitary to release FSH

• FSH acts on ovaries and causes follicular development

• follicle releases estrogen, which causes thickening of uterine wall and feeds back to inhibit FSH release

Image from: http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/biology.html