Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate ...Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes...

Article ID: WMC002659 ISSN 2046-1690

Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in theProstate and Testis of Wistar Rats Fed withSoy-Flour Enriched DietCorresponding Author:Mr. Olamide A Adesanya,Lecturer II, Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo Univeristy, Ikenne, , 2 Oseni Street, Off Sode Ayegbami,23401 - Nigeria

Submitting Author:Mr. Olamide A Adesanya,Lecturer II, Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo Univeristy, Ikenne, , 2 Oseni Street, Off Sode Ayegbami,23401 - Nigeria

Article ID: WMC002659

Article Type: Research articles

Submitted on:14-Feb-2012, 06:58:04 AM GMT Published on: 14-Feb-2012, 10:30:39 AM GMT

Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2659

Subject Categories:ANATOMY

Keywords:Soy-flour enriched diet, Sperm Count, Testis and Prostate histo-architecture, Testosterone, FSH

How to cite the article:Adesanya O A. Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate and Testis ofWistar Rats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet . WebmedCentral ANATOMY 2012;3(2):WMC002659

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Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in theProstate and Testis of Wistar Rats Fed withSoy-Flour Enriched DietAuthor(s): Adesanya O A

Abstract

Several epidemiological studies have suggested aninverse association between the risk of prostateproblem and intake of soybean and their products.Asian men who consumed a lot of soy products havelower incidence of prostate problems. This study,therefore, was designed to determine the effects ofsoy-flour enriched diet on the prostate morphology,gonadal hormones (Testosterone and FSH) andsemen count and motility in rats. Fifteen male ratswere fed soy-flour enriched diet at 0% W:W, 10% W:W20% W:W (soyflour /milled standard feed by weight)for eight weeks. The sperm count and the weight ofaccessory sex glands were measured. There was asignificant decrease in the weight of the testis, seminalvesicle, and the prostate P < 0.05 compared with thecontrol. There was also significant decrease in thesperm count and testosterone level in a dosedependent manner. Prostate histo-architecture wasdisrupted; displaying increased inter-acinar connectivetissue that is diffused, with fewer acini and reducedglandular size, atrophy of the epithelium compared tothe control prostate. It also produce a form of mildtoxic effect on the testis histo-architecture.

Introduction

Soybean has been variously described as a “miraclebean” or a “golden bean” because it is a cheapprotein-rich grain. It contains 40% high quality protein,20% edible vegetable oil, and a good balance ofamino acids [1, 2]. Legumes- beans, peas, soya beansand other legumes contain isoflavones notablygenistein which binds oestrogen receptors in the bodyand thus tone down effects of excessive quantities ofoestrogen by rendering the body relatively insensitiveto synthesized oestrogen [3]. Phytoestrogens aresecondary metabolite produced in a wide variety ofplants that induce biologic responses in vertebratesand can mimic or modulate the actions of endogenousestrogens usually by binding to estrogen receptors [4].Phytoestrogens assumed biological and economicimportance in the 1940’s, with the outbreak of infertility

in sheep grazing on pastures rich in subterraneanclover in western Australian, later known as “cloverdisease”[5]. Concentration of isoflavone fractionsdaidzein and genistein in raw soy have been found tovary between 25.2 diadzein mg/100g and genistein34.3 mg/100g seed. [6]. Soybeans also containomega-three fatty acids, which have cardiovascular(antihyperlipidemic, antithrombotic) and cancer,arthritus, diabetes (antiinflammatory) diseaseadvantages via prostaglandin effects, i.e. encouragingPGE1 and PGE3 formation [7]. Soybeans are quiteuniquely rich in phytoestrogens called isoflavonesresemble estrogens greatly in structure acting asstrong competetive estrogen receptor weakagonists--estrogenomimetics. In vying for receptorsyet eliciting little signal potency in high estrogenfemales, they act as antiestrogens and in fact muteadministered estrogens in test subjects. Isoflavonesare orally absorbed, achieve good blood levels andgenistein is excreted renally as equol in the urine ofmost people [8]. There has been so many study in thefemale rats [9,10,11] regarding the effects of soybean.Most of the studies reported significant reduction inabsolute weight of ovary and uterus, as well as plasmaestradiol and progesterone [11]. However, Santell etal.,[9] reported that soy fractions had no effect on thevaginal opening, uterine weight and ovarianhistopathology. We do not know the reason why thereare limited numbers of studies in the male animal andmany of the available studies used the subcutaneousadministration of daidzein or Genistein. This routeby-passes gut microflora and hepatic first passmetabolism which has a major impact on the biologicalpotency of phytoestrogens. The use of soy containinginfant foods is increasing, due to the publicity aboutthe health promoting properties of soy. Recently,concern has been expressed that exposure to soyisoflavones may pose a developmental hazard toinfants [12], particularly the reproductive system. Lifetime exposure to soy containing diet delay malereproductive development with manifestation detectedin adulthood in rats [13]. This study, was therefore,designed to study the effects of soy-flour enriched dieton accessory sex glands and semen count and motilityof male Wistar rats. The gonadotrophic hormones- T,and FSH, Sperm count, and motility in male rats were



considered.

Material and Methods

Preparation of soybean:The Soybean was obtained from Mile-12 market,Lagos state Nigeria and authenticated at the BotanyDepartment of Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagosstate, Nigeria. The outer coats of the beans wereremoved by light pounding in a mortar and winnowingthe shaft. The seed without the coat were groundedusing super blender (Nakai brand, model MX-735Japan) and mixed with standard rat feed at aconcentrat ion of 10% and 20% W/W Soyflour/standard feed.Animals protocol and drug administration: Fifteen Wistar rats weighing between 120- 200g wereobtained from the animal house of Lagos StateUniversity College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja,Lagos. They were divided into control (A), high dose(B) and low dose diet (C) groups with five rats pergroup. Controls rats were given standard diet 0%W:W, while the treated were soy-flour enriched meal-low dose 10% W:W, high dose 20% W:W Soy flour (soy-flour /ground standard diet) five days of the weekfor eight weeks. All animals were allowed access tothe different feed and water ad libitum. The standardfeed was a product of Bendel Feed Nigeria Limited,Edo State, Nigeria. The animal rooms were wellventilated with a temperature of range of 25-370 Cunder day/night 12-12 hour photoperiodicity.The rats were given the compounded feed withdifferent concentration of soya bean flour. After thetreatment, the animals were sacrificed by cervicaldislocation, the paired testis, epididymis, prostate andseminal vesicle were dissected free, weighed in atorsion balance. One-half of dissected organs werefixed in Bouins solut ion, and stained withHaematoxylin and Eosin for histology studies. Thecaudal epididymis of the testis were exposed andexcised, placed in a bottle containing 1ml saline (0.9%NaCl in H2O) and homogenized to release thespermatozoa from the caudal epididymis. The bottleswith their contents were incubated at 370C for 15minutes for the spermatozoa to become motile. Motilityscore was performed on the semen sampleswithdrawn from the specimen bottle under lightmicroscope (x400). The gross motility score inpercentage was scored three times for each sampleand the mean calculated.Sperm count was determined using the new improvedNeubaurs’ counting chamber under light microscope(x400). Blood samples were obtained by cardiac

puncture after cervical dislocation, centrifuged at 3000rpm for serum Testosterone level assay using enzymeimmunoassay. All samples were assays in duplicateand sensitivity to T was 0.2 ng/ml to 16 ng/ml. All data for control and experimental animals weresubjected to statistical evaluation using the student'st-test for significant differences, between control andexperimental groups at values of P < 0.05.

Results

Figure 1: The average body weight of animals fedsoy-flour enriched diet gradually increased betweenthe 1st and 4th weeks of treatment, after which thethere a was a continuous drop in the body weight ofthe treated until the end of the study. The treatedshowed the body weight gain on a weekly basis for theanimals over the period of eight weeks of treatment.There was a steady weight gain the first three weeksof treatment after the commencement of treatmentafter which the gains stopped in the high soy treatedand the low soy treated (in the latter end of thirdweek). The control animals continue to gain weightthroughout the study but the treated ceased to gainweight from the early third week and later third weekfor the high soy and low soy treated respectively.Prostate: The histological observation of the prostate(Plates 1-3), control prostate showed normalhisto-archtecture of the prostate, the gland and stromaare obvious, while the treated exhibited shrinking ofthe gland and the individual gland cannot be figuredout clearly. Testis: The histological observation of the testesshowed no distortion in cell architectures of the treatedgroups. The seminiferous epithelium (SE) appearedreduced in diameter, interstitial tissue (IT) was alsoreduced in size compared the control and clearing ofthe lumen at high dose (Plates 4-6).

Discussion

The plates showed a reduced acinar size and fewerglands in the rats fed soyflour enriched diet, theprostate of the treated displayed distortion of theglands size in the soy treated showing a prostategland with a reduce activity compared to the controlwhere the gland acini size are larger and indicative ofa more active and secreting prostate. The reasons forthe observed effects may be due high amount ofphytoestrogen present in soy-bean(a legume).Phytoestrogen have been reported to have weakoestrogenic activity, which interferes with productions



of androgen, by lowering the production and causing adisruption of the balance between androgen levels andloss of androgen receptors [14]. Hence, the poorperformance of the treated prostate in terms of glandsize and growth in the above study. The significant drop in the body weight of the animal(Figure 1) and accessory sex organs (P < 0.05) Table3, may be due to the presence of anti-nutrient in rawsoy flour used in this study which may causemal-absorption of amino acid present in the rich soyprotein. These anti-nutrient include the glycosides,phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor and hemglutinins whichare partially destroyed during mechanical handling ofsoy but required heat treatment in the form of cookingor roasting to inactivate and make this protein readilyavailable for bioconversion and body usage [15]. Thepresence of anti-nutrient in unprocessed soy alsoexposes the reproductive system of treated animals tooxidative stress, oxidative stress has been linked toalmost half of the diagnosed cases of oligospermia inhuman [16] and reduction in the overall spermproduction and loss of motility due to impairment ofenergy production and abnormal sperm morphology[17]. Oxidative stress in semen occur when the level ofreactive oxygen species (ROS), is greater than ( TAC)total antioxidant capacity, although ROS are neededfor normal sperm function, high level of ROS clearlyimpair fertility. Furthermore, oxidative stress impairson the sperm plasma membrane, sperms havingdefective plasma membrane are unlikely to be motile[18].The result of the sperm count and motility was alsosignificantly reduced when compared with the controlboth in the rat fed high soy and low soy-flour enricheddiet in dose dependent manner (P > 0.05) Table 1.This may be due partly to anti-nutrient effects of rawsoy as explained above; on the other hand soy is arich source of phytoestrogen, a component thatinteracts with the testis or modulates the plasmagonadotrophin or sex hormone concentration therebydisrupting spermatogenesis. Substance that affect theplasma gonadotrophin or the sex hormone milieu areusually evaluated by measuring sperm number andmotily and the hisotpathological examination of thetestis and epididymis [19]. Spermatogenesis may havebeen disrupted via the hypothalamo-pituitary axiswhich reduces the amount of FSH impacting on thesertoli cells and so there is less stimulation of thespermatogenetic germ cell. FSH is also needed tostimulate inhibin, which together with testosterone areinvolved in regulating GnRH from the hypothalamushence the lowered sperm count and reduced motilityof the sperm cell observed in this study. It has alsobeen said to have anti androgen effect which has been

linked to the development of aberrant germ cell intestis in fetal life [20], prostate being an androgenresponsive cell.The result of hormone assay shows a dose dependentreduction in the value of testosterone and FSHcompared with the control (P > 0.05) Table 2. Thedecrement in a dose dependent manner whencompared with the control (P > 0.05). The reason isbecause soy-bean is a legume, rich in phytoestrogenwhich has been reported to have weak oestrogenicactivity, which interferes with productions of androgen,by lowering the production and causing a disruption ofthe balance between androgen levels and loss ofandrogen receptors [14]. The accessory sex gland result and testis were alsonegatively affected compared with the control rat (P <0.05). There was a significance decrease in the weightof the testis, seminal vesicle and prostate in a dosedependent manner (P < 0.05%) Table 2. Thereduction in the weight the accessory sex glandobserved in this study may be due to the disruption oftestosterone production which is a necessary factor forgrowth, and by the weak oestrogenic activity ofsoy-phytoestrogen which destroys the androgenreceptors sites in these organs [21]. Effects of soyflouron the testis were investigated to highlights thepossible histological implications that could resultfollowing its consumption. The study reveals that rawsoy-flour in animal feeds has mild toxic effect on thetestis histo-architecture. The pharmacologicalmechanism behind this result may be traced to someanti-nutrient in soy-flour enriched diet. Despite the factthat soybean has a rich source of almost all the aminoacids required for proper testicular function,unprocessed form in animal diet may affect properbody growth and testicular functions. The observedeffect showed a promising effects regarding problemof prostate. Active ingredients like isofavones presentin soybean can be extracted and used to ameliorateproblem of prostate enlargement and cancer.Isoflavones are polyphenolic compounds that arecapable of exerting estrogen-like effects. For thisr e a s o n , t h e y a r e c l a s s i f i e d a sphytoestrogens—plant-derived compounds withestrogenic activity [22]. Legumes, particularlysoybeans, are the richest sources of isoflavones in thehuman diet. In soybeans, isoflavones are present asglycosides (bound to a sugar molecule). Fermentationor digestion of soybeans or soy products results in therelease of the sugar molecule from the isoflavoneglycoside, leaving an isoflavone aglycone.

Conclusion



Soy-flour has promising future regarding themanagement of prostate ailments and womenpre-menopusal conditions. We advised the use of rawunprocessed soy as animal feeds should be minimisedas it body weight gain in animals. Processed soybeanhas a lot of benefit to offer than the raw unprocessedform. The anti-nutrients present in raw form have beenproven to have a lot of beneficial effects on prostate,while the isoflavone contents are good for womenpre-menopausal conditions.

References

1. Singh, S.R., K.O. Rachie, and K.E. Dashiell (editors)(1987): Soybean for the tropics. Research, productionand utilisation. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester,UK.2. Weingartner, K.E. (1987): Processing, nutrition, andutilisation of soybean. Pages 149–178 in Soybean forthe tropics, research, production, and utilisation, editedby S.R.Singh.3. Alison M. Duncan (2009): Soy Isoflavone , LinusP a u l i n g I n s t i t u t e , C o p y r i g h t2004-2011.http://lpi.oregonstatereviewed,.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/soyiso/4. Obst J.M., and Seamark R.F., (1975): Hormonesstudies on ewes grazing an oestrogenic (yarloopclover) pasture during the reproductive cycle. Aust. J.Biol. Sci. 28: 279-290. 5. Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L, Harris W,Kris-Etherton P, Winston M (2006): Soy protein,isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: an AmericanHeart Association Science Advisory for professionalsf r o m t h e N u t r i t i o n C o m m i t t e e .Circulation-113(7):1034-10446. Wang L.Q, (2002): Mammalian phytoestrogens:enterodiol and enterolactone. J Chromatogr B AnalytTechnol Biomed Life Sci.;777(1-2):289-309.7. Witold M.M, James A.D, Kristina W, Sirpa R,Herman A. (1998): isoflavonoids and lignans inlegumes nutritional and health aspect in humans. J.Nutr. Biochem. 9:193-200.8. Weber K.S, Setchell K.D., Stocco D.M. (2001):dietary soy-phytoestrogens decrese testosteronelevels and proatate weight without altering LH. JEndocrinol. 2001, 170: 591-599.9. Santell R.C, Chang Y.C, Nair M.G, Helferich W.G,(1997) dietary genistein exerts estrogenic effectsu p o n t h e u t e r u s , , m a m m a r y g l a n d ,hypothalamic/pituitary axis in rats. J. Nutr.127:263-269.

10. Cotroneo M.S, Lamartiniere C.A, (2001):pharmacologic, but not dietary, genistein supportsendometriosis in a rat model. Toxicol. Sci. 61:68-75. 11. Awoniyi C.A, Roberts D, Veeramachaeni D.N,Hurst B.S, Tucker K.E, Schlaff W.D (1998):reproductive sequelae in female rats ater in utero andneonatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genisteinFertil. Steril. 70 440-447.12. Harris D.M, Besselink E, Henning S.M, Go V.L,Heber D., (2005): Phytoestrogen induce differentialestrogen receptor alphaa or beta mediated responsesin transfected breast cancer cells Exp. Biol. & Med.230: 558-568. 13. Setchell KD, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Cai J, HeubiJE (1998): Isoflavone content of infant formulas andthe metabolic fate of these phytoestrogens in early life.Am J Clin Nutr. 68(6 Suppl):1453S-1461S.14. Atanassova N, McKinnel C, Walker M, Tucker K.J,Fisher J.S, Morley M, Millar MR (2000): Comparativeeffects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent andweak (environmental) oestrogens on spermatogenesisat puberty and the relationship of to adult testis sizeand fertilty: evidence for stimulatory effects of lowestrogen levels. Endocrinol. 141:3898-3907.15. Mc-kinnel C, Atanassova N, Williams K, Fisher J.S,Walker M, Turner K.J, Saunders P.T.K, Sharpe R.M,(2001): Suppression of androgen and induction ofgross abnormalities of the reproductive tract in malerats treated with neonatally with diethyl-stilboesterol(DES) 16. Olaoye O. A.; Onilude A. A. and Idowu O. A.(2006); Quality characteristics of bread produced fromcomposite flours of wheat, plantain and soybeans.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 5 (11), pp.1102-1106.17. Pasqualotto EB; Attaran M; T, Falcone; JM,Goldberg; KF, Miller (2000). The effect of follicular fluidreactive oxygen species on the outcome of in vitrofertilization. International Journal of Fertility, 45:314-320,.EB,18. Sinha Hikim A.P, Lue Y.H, Wang C, Reutrakul V,Sangsuwan R, Swerdloff R.S, (2000): Post testicularanti-fertility action of triptolide in the male rat: evidenceof severe impairment of caudal epididymal sperm ultrastructure. J. Androl. 21:431-437.19 . Ra jper t -De Mey ts E , Jo rgensen N,Brondum-Nielsen K, MullerJ, Skakkebaek NE (1998):Developmental arrest of erm cells in the pathogenesisof germ cellneoplasia. APMIS. 106:204-206. 20. Working P.K, (1988): Male reproductive toxicology:comparison of the human to animal models. Environ.77:37-44. 21. Weber KS, Setchell KD, Stocco DM, Lephart ED(2001): Dietary soy-phytoestrogens decrease



testosterone levels and prostate weight withoutaltering LH, prostate 5α-reductase or testicularsteroidogenic acute regulatory peptide levels in adultmale Sprague-Dawley rats. J Endocrinol 170: 591-599.22. Lampe J.W, (2003): Isoflavonoid and lignanphytoestrogens as dietary biomarkers. J Nutr.2003;133 Suppl 3:956S-964S.



Illustrations

Illustration 1

Figure 1: Effects of Soy-flour enriched diet on body weight



Factors Control Feed with 20% by weightof Soy flour (high)

Feed with 10% byweight of Soy flour

(low)Epididymal sperm count (106/ml) 59.6 1.44 46.2 1.5 β 50.1 2.4 β

Gross motility (%) 64.00 2.45 52 3.74 β 58 4.2 β

Testosterone (ng/ml) 2.1 0.15 0.4 0.06 β 00.9 0.2β

FSH (mIu/ml) 6.53 0.34 6.37 1.07 β 6.00 1.5 β

Testis (g/100g body weight) 1.12 0.03 0.62 0.08 β 0.85 0.05 β

Seminal vesicle (g/100g body weight) 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.06 β 0.85 0.05 β

Prostate (g/100g body weight) 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.05 β 0.05 0.01 β

β significantly decreased compare with control (P< 0.05)

Illustration 2

Table 1: Effects of Soyflour enriched diet on epididymal Sperm count, sperm Motility, serum FSH and Testosterone level



Illustration 3

Plate 4



Soy Testis low dose

Normal architecture similar to control,reduced seminiferous tubules compared to control (X 100).

Illustration 4

Plate 5



Illustration 5

Plate 6



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Reviews

Review 1

Review Title: Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate andTestis of Wistar Rats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet Posted by Dr. Madhusudhanan Narasimhan on 04 Mar 2012 01:38:36 AM GMT

1 Is the subject of the article within the scope of the subject category? Yes

2 Are the interpretations / conclusions sound and justified by the data? No

3 Is this a new and original contribution? Yes

4 Does this paper exemplify an awareness of other research on the topic? Yes

5 Are structure and length satisfactory? Yes

6 Can you suggest brief additions or amendments or an introductory statement that will increasethe value of this paper for an international audience?

No

7 Can you suggest any reductions in the paper, or deletions of parts? No

8 Is the quality of the diction satisfactory? Yes

9 Are the illustrations and tables necessary and acceptable? Yes

10 Are the references adequate and are they all necessary? Yes

11 Are the keywords and abstract or summary informative? Yes

Rating: 4

Comment: While the author has attempted to evaluate the effect of soy-fluor on hormonal and histoarchitectural changes inthe prostate and testis of wistar rats, there are few concerns which the authors need to work on. Mainlyconclusion needs to be worked on and there is redundancy in the discussion section.

The following is a major concern from the scientific followers and readers perspective. It is quite reasonable thatthe author discusses that the anti-nutrient in unprocessed soy could evoke oxidative stress based impairment ofsperm plasma membrane and its function (motility). If this anti-nutrient can induce oxidative stress, it is expectedto induce oxidative burst in the female reproductive system also. I do not presume that this anti-nutrient,isoflavone’s effect on inducing oxidative stress is sex (male) specific, else generic. It is to be noted that Wang etal(2006) have shown that arsenic induced oxidative stress can result in uterine cell degeneration. Given thisscenario, how the author could conclude that the same anti-nutrient which can induce oxidative stress can besuggested to be beneficial in women. It would be good if the author clarifies this.

In soytreated group (10%), Table 1 shows that the weight of the seminal vesicle is significantly increased by ~2.5fold, however the results and the interpretation is stated to be decreased. This is confounding.

The whole study is conducted in male rats. But the conclusion has wholly focussed on health benefits related towomen. Generally, conclusion needs to be drawn for the results generated in a selected study.

In discussion section, page 4: the author has discussed sperm count, the testosterone and FSH leves to beP>0.05 (which typically means one would fail to reject the null hypothesis).

Competing interests: No

Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : No


http://http://www.webmedcentral.com/Article_Review_View/1544



Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: I have almost 13 years of research experience in the field of oxidative stress.

Publications in the same or a related area of science: No

How to cite: Narasimhan M.Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate and Testis of Wistar RatsFed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet [Review of the article 'Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostateand Testis of Wistar Rats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet ' by ].WebmedCentral1970;3(3):REVIEW_REF_NUM1544



Review 2

Review Title: Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate andTestis of Wistar Rats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched DietPosted by Dr. Shivarama B Perla on 28 Feb 2012 04:47:30 PM GMT


2 Are the interpretations / conclusions sound and justified by the data? Partly





No

7 Can you suggest any reductions in the paper, or deletions of parts? No





Rating: 6

Comment: This research has further scope for studies on Proststic and testicular tumours.

Competing interests: Nil.

Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : No

Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: Nil.

Publications in the same or a related area of science: No

How to cite: Perla S.Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate and Testis of Wistar Rats Fedwith Soy-Flour Enriched Diet[Review of the article 'Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate andTestis of Wistar Rats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet ' by ].WebmedCentral1970;3(2):REVIEW_REF_NUM1527





Review 3

Review Title: Hormonal and histoarchitectural changes in the prostate andtestis of wister rats fed with soy-flour dietPosted by Prof. Lukeman Shittu on 26 Feb 2012 03:15:46 AM GMT







Yes

7 Can you suggest any reductions in the paper, or deletions of parts? Yes





Rating: 5

Comment:

The article is an original study and within the scope of the journal●

However the aithor failed to draw conclusion on the direct impact of soybeans isoflavanoids, which is one of the●

phytoestrogens known to man with a lot of numerous health benefits.Moreover, soybeans are nutritive plants in nature with numerous benefits to human health as confirmed from●

other recent studies.The author made mention of some anti-nutrients substances present in the raw or unprocessed soybeans as●

used in the present study to be responsible for the deleterious effects of soybeans especially on the seminalparameters etc.The quality of the present paper will be improved if the author can make reference to other similar previous●

papers such as Adesanya et al, 2007 entitled Sex steroid induced changes on the morphology of prostate ofsprague-dawley rats published in Sci. Res. Essays, 2: pp. 309-314.The histo-cytoarchitecture of the prostate especially of the interstitial linning and luminal diamters also need to●

be emphasized in all the slides for this present study.The discussion section needs to be recast to avoid unnecessary repetitions of already defined concepts like●

phytoestrogens etc used in the introduction section.In addition, the conclusion needs to be recast to highlight only the outcomes or findings in the present study●

especially the benefits of unprocessed soybeans on prostate disease treatment. .


Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : Yes

Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: I have been researching on roles of sesame lignans phytoestrogens, aince 2003 with numerous publishedscientific papers seen in international journals.

Publications in the same or a related area of science: Yes

References: 1. Shittu, L.A.J., M.A. Bankole, J.A. Oguntola, O. Ajala and R.K. Shittu et al., 2007. Sesame leavesintake improve and increase epididymal spermatocytes reserve in adult male sprague dawley rat. Sci. Res.Essays, 2: 319-324. 2. Lukeman, A.J. Shittu., Remilekun K Shittu, O.A. Samson, M.O. Ajala and A.B. Munir,





2008. Sesame radiatum phytoestrogens stimulate spermatogenic activity and improve sperm quality in adultmale sprague dawley rat testis. Int. J. Morphol., 26: 643-652. 3. Shittu, L.A.J., R.K. Shittu, O. Olufemi, O.T.Adetokunbo, A.A.O. Abraham, 2009. Hypoglycaemia and improved testicular parameters in sesamum radiatum(pedaliaceae) treated normo-glycaemic adult male sprague dawley rats using biochemical, hormonal andstereological evaluations of testicular seminiferous tubules. African J. Biotechnol., 8: 2887-2892. 4. Shittu, L.A.J.,M.A. Bankole, O.A. Ogundipe, A.K. Falade and R.K. Shittu, 2007. Weight reduction with improvement of serumlipid profile and ratios of sesame radiatum leaves diet in a non-obese sprague dawley rats. African J. Biotechnol.,6: 2428-2433. 5. Adesanya, O.A., K.A. Oluyemi, N.W. Dare, L.A.J. Shittu, O.A. Oyesola and A.O. Okanlawon,2007. Sex steroid induced changes on the morphology of prostate of sprague-dawley rats. Sci. Res. Essays, 2:309-314. 6. Ahmed, T., L.A.J. Shittu, M.A. Bankole, O.A. Adesanya, M.N. Bankole, R.K. Shittu and O.A. Ashiru,2009. Comparative antimicrobial studies of selected antibiotics /antifungal with crude extracts of sesameradiatum against some common pathogenic microorganisms. Sci. Res. Essays, 4: 584-589. 7. Bankole, M.A., L.A.Shittu, T.A. Ahmed, M.N. Bankole, R.K. Shittu, T. Kpela and O.A. Ashiru, 2007. Synergistic antimicrobialactivities of phytoestrogens in crude in crude extracts of two sesame species against some common pathogenicmicroorganism. Africa J. Tradit. Complimentary Altern. Med., 4: 427-433. 8. Shittu, L.A.J., M.A. Bankole, T.Ahmed, M.N. Bankole, Shittu, R.K., Saalu, C.L. and O.A. Ashiru, 2007. Antibacterial and antifungal activities ofessential oils in crude extracts of sesame radiatum against some common pathogenic microorganisms. Iranian J.Pharmacol. Therapeutics, 6: 165-170. 0. Shittu, L.A.J., M.A. Bankole, T. Ahmed, K. Aile and M.A. Akinsanya etal., 2006. Differential antimicrobial activity of the various crude leaves extracts of sesame radiatum against somecommon pathogenic microorganisms. Sci. Res. Essays, 1: 108-111.

How to cite: Shittu L.Hormonal and histoarchitectural changes in the prostate and testis of wister rats fed withsoy-flour diet[Review of the article 'Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate and Testis of WistarRats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet ' by ].WebmedCentral 1970;3(2):REVIEW_REF_NUM1520



Review 4

Review Title: Hormonal and histoarchitectural changes in the prostate andtestis of wister rats fed with soy-flour dietPosted by Prof. Lukeman Shittu on 14 Feb 2012 08:27:27 PM GMT







Yes

7 Can you suggest any reductions in the paper, or deletions of parts? Yes





Rating: 5

Comment: The article is an orifinal

The article is an original study and within the scope of the journal

However the aithor failed to draw conclusion on the direct impact of soybeans isoflavanoids, which is one of thephytoestrogens known to man with a lot of numerous health benefits.

Moreover, soybeans are nutritive plants in nature with numerous benefits to human health as confirmed fromother recent studies.

The author made mention of some anti-nutrients substances present in the raw or unprocessed soybeans asused in the present study to be responsible for the deleterious effects of soybeans especially on the seminalparameters etc.

The quality of the present paper will also improve if the author made reference to other similar paper done byAdesanya et al, 2007 entitled Sex steroid induced changes on the morphology of prostate of sprague-dawley ratspublished in Sci. Res. Essays, 2: pp. 309-314.

The histo-cytoarchitecture of the prostate especially of the interstitial linning and luminal diamters also need to beemphasized in all the slides for this present study.

The discussion section needs to be recast to avoid unnecessary repetitions of already defined concepts likephytoestrogens etc used in the introduction section.

In addition, the conclusion needs to be recast to highlight only the outcomes or findings in the present studyespecially the benefits of unprocessed soybeans on prostate disease treatment. .






Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : Yes

Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: I have been researching on sesame lignans phytoestrogens aince 2003 with numweroua published scientificpapers in international journals.

Publications in the same or a related area of science: Yes

References: 1. Shittu, L.A.J., M.A. Bankole, J.A. Oguntola, O. Ajala and R.K. Shittu et al., 2007. Sesame leavesintake improve and increase epididymal spermatocytes reserve in adult male sprague dawley rat. Sci. Res.Essays, 2: 319-324. 2. Lukeman, A.J. Shittu., Remilekun K Shittu, O.A. Samson, M.O. Ajala and A.B. Munir,2008. Sesame radiatum phytoestrogens stimulate spermatogenic activity and improve sperm quality in adultmale sprague dawley rat testis. Int. J. Morphol., 26: 643-652. 3. Shittu, L.A.J., R.K. Shittu, O. Olufemi, O.T.Adetokunbo, A.A.O. Abraham, 2009. Hypoglycaemia and improved testicular parameters in sesamum radiatum(pedaliaceae) treated normo-glycaemic adult male sprague dawley rats using biochemical, hormonal andstereological evaluations of testicular seminiferous tubules. African J. Biotechnol., 8: 2887-2892. 4. Shittu, L.A.J.,M.A. Bankole, O.A. Ogundipe, A.K. Falade and R.K. Shittu, 2007. Weight reduction with improvement of serumlipid profile and ratios of sesame radiatum leaves diet in a non-obese sprague dawley rats. African J. Biotechnol.,6: 2428-2433. 5. Adesanya, O.A., K.A. Oluyemi, N.W. Dare, L.A.J. Shittu, O.A. Oyesola and A.O. Okanlawon,2007. Sex steroid induced changes on the morphology of prostate of sprague-dawley rats. Sci. Res. Essays, 2:309-314. 6. Ahmed, T., L.A.J. Shittu, M.A. Bankole, O.A. Adesanya, M.N. Bankole, R.K. Shittu and O.A. Ashiru,2009. Comparative antimicrobial studies of selected antibiotics /antifungal with crude extracts of sesameradiatum against some common pathogenic microorganisms. Sci. Res. Essays, 4: 584-589. 7. Bankole, M.A., L.A.Shittu, T.A. Ahmed, M.N. Bankole, R.K. Shittu, T. Kpela and O.A. Ashiru, 2007. Synergistic antimicrobialactivities of phytoestrogens in crude in crude extracts of two sesame species against some common pathogenicmicroorganism. Africa J. Tradit. Complimentary Altern. Med., 4: 427-433. 8. Shittu, L.A.J., M.A. Bankole, T.Ahmed, M.N. Bankole, Shittu, R.K., Saalu, C.L. and O.A. Ashiru, 2007. Antibacterial and antifungal activities ofessential oils in crude extracts of sesame radiatum against some common pathogenic microorganisms. Iranian J.Pharmacol. Therapeutics, 6: 165-170. 0. Shittu, L.A.J., M.A. Bankole, T. Ahmed, K. Aile and M.A. Akinsanya etal., 2006. Differential antimicrobial activity of the various crude leaves extracts of sesame radiatum against somecommon pathogenic microorganisms. Sci. Res. Essays, 1: 108-111.

How to cite: Shittu L.Hormonal and histoarchitectural changes in the prostate and testis of wister rats fed withsoy-flour diet[Review of the article 'Hormonal and Histoarchitectural Changes in the Prostate and Testis of WistarRats Fed with Soy-Flour Enriched Diet ' by ].WebmedCentral 1970;3(2):REVIEW_REF_NUM1488



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