Hoover-Stimpson Hoover-Stimpson DoctrineDoctrine

(1932)(1932) US would not recognize any territorial US would not recognize any territorial

acquisitions that were achieved by force.acquisitions that were achieved by force.

Japan was infuriated because the US hadJapan was infuriated because the US hadconquered new conquered new territories a few territories a few decades earlier.decades earlier.

Japan bombed Japan bombed Shanghai in Shanghai in 1932 1932 massive massive casualties.casualties.

FDR’s “Good Neighbor” FDR’s “Good Neighbor” PolicyPolicy

Important to have all Important to have all nations in the Western nations in the Western Hemisphere united in Hemisphere united in lieu of foreign lieu of foreign aggressions.aggressions.

FDR FDR The good The good neighbor respects neighbor respects himself and the rights himself and the rights of othersof others..

Policy of non-Policy of non-intervention and intervention and cooperation.cooperation.

Nye Committee HearingsNye Committee Hearings(1934-1936)(1934-1936)

The Nye Committee IThe Nye Committee Iinvestigated the charge investigated the charge that WW I was needless and that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits owners could make big profits [“merchants of death.”][“merchants of death.”]

The Committee did charge The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money.money.

Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters.sailing in to warring nations’ waters.

Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts.Acts.

Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937,19391937,1939

When the President proclaimed the existence of When the President proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect:automatically go into effect:

Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.

Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.

Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war [in contrast to WW I].at war [in contrast to WW I].

Non-military goods must be purchased on a Non-military goods must be purchased on a

“ “cash-and-carry”cash-and-carry” basis basis pay when goods are pay when goods are picked up.picked up.

Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.

This limited the options of the President in a This limited the options of the President in a crisis.crisis.

America in the 1930s declined to build up its America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces!forces!

FDR’s Quarantine Speech

Peaceful nations (90%) should quarantine aggressor nations (10%) to prevent spread of their control.

Not well received by some!!!

Selective Service Act - 1940

Men 21 – 35 yrs. olds must register for draft!

Congress approves $ for training

1940’s - INTERVENTION

Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal - 1940

USA would provide Britain with 50 “overage” destroyers in return for the right to build naval bases on British territories in Western Hemisphere.

Lend –Lease Act - 1941

President of USA can lend or lease equipment to any nation whose

defense is considered vital to the defense of the USA.

“Lend-Lease” Act (1941)Great Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31 billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillionThe amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000

Atlantic Charter FDR and Churchill meet in Aug. 1941

aboard USS Augusta

-Pledged commongoals for a post war world:

-Collective security

-Disarmament

-Self-determination

-Economic cooperation

-Freedom of the seas

“Four Freedoms”

FDR’s 1941 State of the Union speech

Freedom of speech and expression

Freedom of worship

Freedom from want

Freedom from fear FDR SPEECH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iHKtrirjlY&feature=related

A date which will live in infamy!A date which will live in infamy!

Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor from the Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Cockpit of a Japanese

PlanePlane

USS ArizonaUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor, Pearl Harbor

2,887 Americans Dead!2,887 Americans Dead!

Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial

Pacific Theater of OperationsPacific Theater of Operations

““Tokyo Rose”Tokyo Rose”

Paying for the WarPaying for the War

Paying for the WarPaying for the War

Paying for the WarPaying for the War

Betty Grable: Allied Pinup GirlBetty Grable: Allied Pinup Girl(She Reminded Men What They Were (She Reminded Men What They Were

Fighting For)Fighting For)