Hontomín Site (Spain)

Andrés Pérez-Estaún

Preparation of CO2 injection in a deep saline aquifer

Hontomín TDP, Spain

The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein

Ponferrada

Ayoluengo

Hontomín

Burgos

Hontomín  TDP  

LEVA

HUERMECES

The target reservoir is a saline aquifer set in Early Jurassic (Lias) carbonates, around 150 m thick and 1500m deep. The structure is dome-like structure folds during Cretaceous. The sequence is dolomitized and is highly porous in the basal “Carniolas Unit”, therefore envisaged as injection level. The main seal is formed by more than 200 m of interlayered Early to Middle Jurassic marlstones and marly limestones.

Hontomín  stra.graphy  

Target reservoir: Saline aquifer set in a small dome-shape marine limestone from the Early Jurassic (Lias).

Seal: Interlayered marlstones and marly limestones from the Early to Middle Jurassic (Lias and Dogger).

Secondary seal: Weald (Early Cretaceous): Small detritic channels and siltites from flood plains .

The small dome-like structure is easy for monitoring.

Saline Aquifer (≈1450m depth)

TDP  Characteriza.on  2009-­‐2011  

Geological  and  structural  mapping  Petrophysical  studies  3D  seismics                    Structural  studies  Electromagne.c  survey  3D  High  resolu.on  gravimetry    3D  geological  model  

Cenozoic  

Bureba,marginal  Facies  

Bureba  Facies  

Carcedo  Facies  

Alluvial    deposits  

Upper  Cretaceous  

Limestones,  dolomi?c  limestones  and  marls  

Strongly  dolomi?zed Sandy  and  marly  limestones  

Geomodels-U.Barcelona

Pre-existing boreholes

-­‐   CartograCa  1:5.000  de  Hontomín      -­‐   CartograCa  1:25.000  de  Mataporquera  -­‐   CartograCa  1:25.000  de  Poza  de  la  Sal  

Litoestra?graCa  del  Lias  del  W  de  la  Cuenca  Vasco-­‐

Cantábrica  (U.  País  Vasco)  

Regional studies of reservoirs and seals of te Basque-Cantabrian basin

A la izquierda; personal de GEA asesoría geológica durante la perforación de una formación detrítica (Fm. Escucha) presente en los alrededores de Aguilar de Campoó. A la derecha, general y detalle de las carniolas retienses (Fm. Puerto de la Palombera) muestreadas en Bercedo. Representan uno de los potenciales almacenes de la PDT (GEA-CIEMAT).

Secuencia  de  cartografiado  de  componentes  petrográficos  a  u?lizar  en  las  rocas  almacén  y  sello  (Berrezueta,  2004)  (IGME)  

Programa de Almacenamiento Geológico de CO2

2    orthogonal  profiles  with  3-­‐componenet  sensors.  

3D  seism

ic  survey  

3D  seismic  survey  Seismic  baseline  

           3D              2D  3-­‐components  

• Detailed  characteriza?on  of  the  tectonic  structure  of  the  poten?al  injec?on  zone.  

• Determine  the  geometry  of  the  reservoir.  

• Es?mate  physical  and  mechanical  proper?es  of  the  reservoir  and  seal  layers.    

N

W E

S

Acquisi?on  area ~35  km2

Receivers 6  (10  Hz)

Receivers  distance 25  m

No.  Inlines 463

Inline  distance 250  m

No.  Crosslines 431

Crosslines  distance 275  m

Fold/bin  (CDP) 36  

Vibroseis  M221 4  *  15  Tn

Sweep 16  seg.

Pop-­‐shot   3  *  1.5  kg

Vibración/shot  distance

25  m

             3D  seismic  

Top  of  the  reservoir  (TWT)  

Geological model 3D  

Geomodels-UB, 2011  

3-D Seismics

Top Lower Cret.

Top Weald

Top Jurassic reservoir

Top Anhidrític Unit

Top Keuper

IGME 2011

Gravimetry  and    High  resolu.on  gravimetry  

IGME

AREA 4 x 3 km2

Geoelectrical  studies  conducted  in  Hontomin  

MT sites 2D profile Geomodels, U. Barcelona

Marquez & Jurado, 2011. ICTJA-CSIC

Data from pre-existing boreholes

Three levels in the reservoir with porosity ranking from 10 to 17%

There are three permeable levels: permeability of the top level is around 3. 10-13 m2 ; the two lower ones are one order of magnitude less permeable (permeability estimates from brine production)

Marquez & Jurado, 2011. ICTJA-CSIC

Fidel Granda, 2011

Salmuera en calízas jurásicas de Hontomin

Monitoring main objectives: •  CO2 plume tracking •  CO2-reservoir reactivity •  Seal integrity •  Storage efficiency •  Trapping quantification •  Verification & Calibration of predictive models •  Induced seismicity. •  Well integrity •  Leakages? •  Public confidence

Monitoring issues that the TDP challenges: •  Cost •  Detection limits •  Relevance •  Resolution •  Autonomy •  Durability •  Versatility

PIEZOMETRIC  EVOLUTION  

Hydrogeological  and  Hydrogeochemical  characteriza.on  

AITEMIN+  CIEMAT  AITEMIN,  2010;  CIEMAT,  2010  

SONDEO GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 Cota emboquille: s.n.m. s.n.m. s.n.m.

Profundidad aprox. (m): 400 400 150

Objetivo: Fm. Utrillas Fm. Utrillas Falla Sur

Monitoring  of  shallow    water  aquifers.  GW1,  GW2,  GW3    instrumented  boreholes  

AITEMIN,  CIEMAT  2012  

PRE-INJECTION Phase Gas Monitoring

- Estimation of the CO2 soil-flux baseline (and other trace gases) - Identification of potential leakage paths - Isotope studies of dissolved and free CO2

De Elio et al., 2011

De  Lio  et  al.,  2010.  UPM-­‐  Amphos  21  et  al.  

De  Lio  et  al.,  2010.  UPM-­‐  Amphos  21  et  al.  

Gas  Monitoring  Pre-­‐injec.on  Phase  

• Estimation of the CO2 soil-flux baseline (and other trace gases)

•  Isotope studies of dissolved and free CO2

Displacement  Measures  DInSAR  -­‐  exis.ng  reflectors  -­‐  Hontomin  

Ground-­‐based  SAR  (GBSAR)  +  DInSAR  

I  Geomá?ca  

Ground-Based SAR: HontomÍn Experiment Site: “potential moving area”

Stable Area

Ground-Based SAR: Hontomin

Legenda

Stable Corner Reflector

Moving Corner Reflector

GBSAR

S Sm

Stable area Deformation

L= 900m

400 m

Hontomin expected scheme

Goal:  Assesement  of  Ecosystem  Impact  related  to  CO2  injec.on.      

•  Impact  on  different  Biotopes;  looking  for  Bioindicators  •  Iden.fica.on  of  best  Bioindicators  to  introduce  in  Hontomín  TDP  

U.  León,  Amphos,  AITEMIN,  CIUDEN  

PISCO2  project  

Rhizosphere  

Concrete  liner  

CO2  injec.on  

Embedded  sensors  (T,  pH)                      

Draining  pump  

Sampling  tubes  (CO2,  CH4,  O2)  

Gas  sampling  Watering  system  

Piezometer  

2.5  m  

Injec.on  grids  

Top  soil  

Quartz  sand  

Gravel  

0.5  m  

1.7  m  

0.3  m  

4  m  

• Long-term performance assessment and safety evaluation

Development of low cost & natural tools -biomonitoring-

to detect diffuse vents in Hontomín

U.  León,  Amphos,  AITEMIN,  CIUDEN  

Modeling  Predic?on    vs  Monitoring  Data  

Ac?ve  Source  Seismics  

•   3D  seismic    

•   2D  3  Component  Seismic  Reflec?on  Transects  

•   Seismic  Tomography  Model  Grid  of  P  &  S  waves  veloci?es.  

•   Seismovie  

•   VSP  (walk  away,  3D,  etc)  

Monitoring  Approaches  

Passive  Source  &  Advance  Processing  

•   Microseismicity  

•   Noise  Interferometry  

•   Virtual  Sources  •   Adjoint  Fullwaveform  Tomography  

Seismic  Data  acquisi.on  Experiments  

Seismic  studies  conducted  in  Hontomin  

Geophones  SERCEL  DSU-­‐3C   0-­‐800  Hz  

Receivers  distance   25  m  

Nº    receivers  /  line   211  

Total  line  length     5275  m  

Sample  rate   1  ms  

Final  ?me     4  ms  

Seismic  source  (during  3D  survey)  

Vibroseis  trucks   4  *  15  Tn  

Explosives  (Pop-­‐shot)   3  *  0.15  kg    

2D  3-­‐components  

•  S-­‐wave  has  higher  frequency  than  P-­‐wave:  

 =>  S-­‐wave  has  higher  resolu?on  than  P-­‐wave    =>  S-­‐images  has  higher  resolu?on      

•  Fluids  do  not  support  shear  stresses  

 =>  Vs  is  sensible  to  the  presence  of  fluids  

•  Tomography  

 Joint  inversion  for  P  and  S  travel-­‐?me  reduce  ambiguity  of  the  velocity  model  

Vs      Vp  

Registrate  waves  popaga.ng  in  3  direc.ons  =>  P  and  S  waves  

950 ms TWT

IJA-­‐CSIC  

IJA-­‐CSIC  

Seismovie  

VSP  

Permanent  Seismic  Network  

   Seismic  for  monitoring    

               Seismovie                  VSP                  Seismic  Network  

•   Detect  changes  in  physical  and  mechanical  proper?es.  

•   Track  the  evolu?on  of  the  injected  gas/fluid.  

•   Distribu?on/diffusion  of    CO2,  migra?on  pathways.  

•   Induced  seismic  ac?vity  

•   microfractures  characteriza?on  

Forgues et al., 2006. IFP, CGG-Veritas, Gaz de France

Forgues et al., 2006. IFP, CGG-Veritas, Gaz de France

New Strategies and/or Developments in Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Geological Storage Reservoirs

•  Microseismic time reversal imaging using microseismic events. Seismic records are propagated backwards in time (time reversal modelling) visualizing the development of the induced seismicity (Tromp et al., 2005; Larmat et al., 2006; 2008; Lokmer et al, 2009; Tape et al., 2009).

•  High resolution noise interferometry. Extraction of body wave signals from noise records by using advanced analytical signal processing techniques (phase cross-correlation and time-frequency phase-weighted stacks (Vasconcelos et al. 2011; Schimmel et al., 2011)).

•  Full-waveform inversion for obtaining a 3D Velocity Model using seismic tomography.

•  Virtual Sources Methodology for seismic imaging monitoring (Bakulin, et al. 2007; Yu et al., 2009; Byun et al., 2010).

One  day  noise  recordings  5  days  January  2011  

Autocorrela?on  func?ons  Using  noise  recordings  

IJA-­‐CSIC,  Ugalde  et  al.  2011  

Instrumentation: two ADU06, three ADU07 & one Phoenix-V8.

AREA 4 x 3 km2

Geoelectrical  studies  conducted  in  Hontomin  

MT sites 2D profile Geomodels, U. Barcelona

2D  geoelectrical  model  (MTD  line)  

Ogaya et al. 2010

Fault Well logging

Geomodels, U. Barcelona

Preliminar  3D  geoelectrical  model  

RMS = 1.41

RMS = 1.41

Geomodels, U. Barcelona

Geomodels, U. Barcelona

A,  B,  C,  D:  exis?ng  boreholes   ANR-­‐SEED  project:  BRGM,  CCGVeritas,  UB,  CIUDEN  

Cross hole ERT and LEMAN experiments

Scheme of the two receiver configurations considered. Red symbols correspond to the cross-shaped design and green symbols, to the circle-shaped one. The cross-shaped configuration is 2 * 2 parallel lines (3km long aprox.), 124 electrodes, buried 2m and 100m distance.

ANR-­‐SEED  project:  BRGM,  CCGVeritas  UB  CIUDEN  

CSEM experiment

Gravimetry  and    High  resolu.on  gravimetry  

IGME  IGME,  2010  

•  Cemented  Gravimetric  pads  

Geophysical  Data  sets  acquired  for  the  Baseline  Characteriza?on  

•   3D  Seismic  Reflec?on  

•   2D  3  Component  Seismic  Reflec?on  transects  

•   Seismic  Tomography  Model  Grid  of  P  &  S  seismic  veloci?es  

•   Seismovie  CGGVeritas  

•   VSP  (programmed  aser  drilling  phase)  

•   3D  Geoelectrical  model  

•   Borehole  Electromagne?c  and  Resis?vity  baseline  (programmed    

aser  drilling  phase)  

•   Borehole  logging  (programmed  aser  drilling  phase)  

•   High  resolu?on  Geodesy  •   High  resolu?on  Gravity  

Geophysical  Baseline  Data  

Hontomin  monitoring  plan:  Key  challenges    

Major  general  challenges      

•  Sensi?vity  analysis  of  base  line  datasets,  what  are  the  error  bars  in  the  baseline  parameters  

•  Sensi?vity  analysis  of  the  datasets  and  parameters  during  and  aser  injec?on.  Benchmarking  of  different  methodologies  

•  Cost  evalua?on  

Specific  challenges/topics  in  current  development  

•  Joint  inversion  of  geophysical  data  •  Mul?seismic  4D  imaging      

   High  resolu?on  noise  interferometry  

   Time  reversal  imaging  

   Full  wave-­‐form  inversion  

•  Electrical/CSEM  methods  for  monitoring  the  CO2  

•  INSAR-­‐GBSAR  Methodologies  

•  Bio-­‐indicators  

Social  Characteriza.on  -­‐  Social  Acceptance  Ac.vi.es  with  the  Local  Community  of  Hontomín  

September 10th, 2011

Presentation of the Geological Storage project in Hontomín

“Learning Workshop for children”

“Bye, bye CO2”

Engagement in local festivals CIUDEN invited to

participate

Hontomín - Local Community Engagement in local festivals - CIUDEN invited to

participate

Public presentation about CIUDEN’s activities in Hontomín

on CO2 storage

Didactic and funny games for children on

easy CO2 properties and uses

Thank  you