Honors Biology. Activities of a cell depend on materials that enter and leave it To stay alive a...
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Transcript of Honors Biology. Activities of a cell depend on materials that enter and leave it To stay alive a...
![Page 1: Honors Biology. Activities of a cell depend on materials that enter and leave it To stay alive a cell must exchange materials (food, oxygen, waste)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfe01a28abf838cb2f70/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Passive TransportHonors Biology
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Recall: It’s all about homeostasis Activities of a cell depend on materials that enter
and leave it To stay alive a cell must exchange materials (food,
oxygen, waste) with its surroundings These materials must cross the cell membrane Small molecules (water, oxygen, carbon dioxide)
move in and out freely since they can squeeze between the molecules of the membrane
Large or charged molecules (proteins, sugars, ions) cannot
The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable and only allows certain molecules to pass through
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Quick Chemistry Review Solvent: does dissolving Solute: gets dissolved Solution: combined mixture Concentration gradient: difference
between the concentration of a solute in one place and its concentration in an adjacent area
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Diffusion
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Simple Diffusion Movement of molecules
from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
Does not require cell to use energy
Simplest type of passive transport
Only small molecules can pass membrane by simple diffusion
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Kinetic energy drives diffusion Temperature, size and type of molecules affect rates of
diffusion Movement is always with concentration gradient Equilibrium: when concentration of molecules is the
same throughout the space the molecules occupy
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Diffusion in action How Diffusion Works
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Facilitated Diffusion Most molecules cannot
cross the membrane by simple diffusion• Either too big or are ionic
Carrier proteins help molecules cross the membrane that otherwise could not• Example: glucose
Still high low concentration, so it is passive transport
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Facilitated Diffusion in action
How Facilitated Diffusion Works
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Osmosis
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Passive transport does not require energy
Molecules move from high low concentration
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are examples
Review:
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Diffusion of water across a cell membrane
A form of passive transport
Water moves from high low concentration
3 osmotic environments:1. Hypertonic2. Hypotonic3. Isotonic
Osmosis
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Less solvent (more solute) on the outside of the cell, greater on the inside of the cell
Water moves out of cell
“Hyper kids run out of school”
Animal and Plant cells:• Plasmolysis – cell shrinks
as water moves out
Hypertonic Environments
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More solvent (less solute) outside of the cell, less on the inside of the cell
Water moves into the cell “HypO cell fills with water” Animal cell:
• Cytolysis – cell bursts Plant cell:
• Turgor pressure on cell wall • Best environment for
plants
Hypotonic Environments
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Equal amounts of solvent (and solute) inside and outside of cell
Water moves in and out of cell at an even rate
“Like a full restaurant – one family must leave for another to enter”
Dynamic equilibrium – equally dispersed solvent on both sides of the membrane
Animal cell:• Best environment
Plant cell:• Flaccid (wilts)
Isotonic Environments
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Plant Cells in Osmotic Environments
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Molecules and solvent (water) are always moving
Movement is from high concentration to low concentration
All movement is in attempt to reach equilibrium
Homeostasis!
Important to Remember…