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INTRODUCTION

Kingdom

Subkingdom

Superdivision

Division

Class

Subclass

Order

Family

Genus and species

Plantae Plants

Tracheobionta Vascular plants

Spermatophyta Seed plants

Magnoliophyta Flowering plants

Magnoliopsida Dicotyledons

Rosidae

Apiales

Apiaceae

Ammi majus

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INTRODUCTION

Effective drug in treating Leucoderma or vitiligo ( common intropical region ) and psoriasis.

Origin- Egypt.

Distribution- Commonly found in tropics.

Iran, Syria, Palestine and in the basins ofMediterranean sea.

Introduced to India in 1955 in small scale.Indian states- Jammu and Kashmir, UP, Gujarat, TN.

Also grown as winter ornamental.

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BOTANY

Annual herb, height 0.8-1.2m.

Leaves- Decompound light

green alternate leaves,

pinnately placed with

lanceolate to oval segments. Inflorescence- Axillary and

terminal compound cyme,

white flowers.

Fruits- Ribbed ellipsoid,

greenish brown when

immature and turning reddish

brown at maturity.

Bitter and extremely pungent.

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Introduction to India

A.majus andA.visnaga by

UNE

SCO at FRI, Dehradun.

Contrasting characters

Difference in epicarp

microcharecters andcuticle ornamentation

pattern between

powdered fruit samples of

the two spp.

Used to identify thestriations ofcells in the

inter-coastal species which

is a distinguishing

character.

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CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Soil

Sandy loam and clay loam

best.

Hardy plant, thrives on

degraded soils.

Cannot tolerate water

logging.

Climate Winter annual.

Mild cool climate early

growth.

W

arm weather at maturity.

Micro propagation

Plantlets from indirect

organogenesis form calli of

cotyledonary leaves of

Ammi magus supplementedwith IAA, Kinetin and casein

hydrolysate.

Direct organogenesis in MS

medium with IAA( 0.5-10mg/l) and Kinetin(2mg/l).

Rooting on MS medium

with IBA(0.2mg/l) and

glutamine(100mg/l).

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LAND PREPERATION AND PLANTING

Lands are divided into furrows.

Spacing 45X60cm.

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

Flurocomarins responds well to nitrogenous fertilizers,

temperature and day length. Basal dose- 30:30:30 NPK/ha.

50 Kg N 2 splits, 30 DAS and flowering for loamy soils ofpH7.

AFTERCARE Irrigate during winter.

Two more irrigations during March and April.

1 or 2 hoeing

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CROP PROTECTION

No serious pests. Occurrence Root knot nematode.

Aspergillus ochraceous- Heavy damage to fruits during

storage, with deleterious effect on xanthotoxin content.

A.niger, A.flavus and Fusarium oxysporum Slight damage

during first 3 months ofstorage. Later drastic reduction.

Viral mosaic disease Yellowing of leaves with a mosaic

pattern.

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HARVEST AND POSTHARVEST HANDLING

Fruits are officinal parts.

Flowering- February, primary umbel matures in 35-45 days.

Harvesting intervals 2-4 days.

Staggered harvesting.

Timely harvest 25% more yield.

Delayed harvesting Shedding ofseeds, major problem.

Planofix@15ppm at flower initiation and fruit formation

stage, reduce seed shattering and increases yield.

Harvesting at mature but green stage yield maximum

furocoumarins, xanthotoxin in fruits.

Yield 9000-2000 Kg/ha.

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Chief active principle Crystalline furocoumarin, xanthotoxin.

Fruits Ammidin ( an imperatiorin ) and majidin ( a bergarpten ).

Essential oil ofseeds Furocoumarin 60%, xanthotoxin,

bergapten,imperatorin, isoimperatorin, isopimpinellin,

beraclenin and marmesin. Xanthotoxin 20%.

Fruits Glucosidal principle 1%, tannin 0.45%, oleoresin 4.7%

and acrid oily liquid 3.2%.

Xanthotoxin marketed as Oxsoralen Drug for leucoderma, used

in suntan lotion.

A. visnaga contain Khellin ( Furocoumarin ).

Khellin is more in immature fruits , then flowers and mature

unripe fruits. Continued

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Khellin Antiarteriosclerotic, anthelmintic, antiseptic,

antidiabetic and antiuterogenic activities, and is a

vasodialator with coronary dilatory action.

Used to cure angina pectoris and bronchial asthma.

Commercially available as tablets.

Side effects Vomiting, dizziness, insomnia, vertigo and

fatigue.

Besides Khellin Narcissin, ammidin, khellinin, rhampetin,

visnagin, isorhamnatin and rhamnazine are isolate from

fruits ofA.visnaga.

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USES

Fruits referred as seeds are e

ffective drugs against Leucoderma,

cutaneous psoriasis.

Dried fruit powder To treat vitilago.

PUVA Treatment by combination ofpsoralens ( ammoidin ) and

UV rays to treat vitilago.

Volatile oil Pronounced antibacterial activity against gram

negative bacteria.

The extract Moderate fungicidal activity against Gibberella

fugikuroiand Fusarium oxysporum.

Decoction offruits Expells kedney stones and against renal coil.

Purified extract offruits Diuretic and mildly hypotensive.

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