HONEY BEE POLLINATION INTERVENTION AS A … · The Definition of Apiculture •Apiculture is the...
Transcript of HONEY BEE POLLINATION INTERVENTION AS A … · The Definition of Apiculture •Apiculture is the...
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HONEY BEE POLLINATION
INTERVENTION AS A TOOL FOR
ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY
Case study of the USAID MARKETS
II Pollination Project in Nigeria
FUNDAMENTALS OF PRACTISE
David V. Musa
USAID MARKETS II Pollination Project
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PRESENTER; DAVID VICTOR MUSA PROFESSIONAL PROFILE
• GENERAL MANAGER; BARG NATURAL HONEY, BARGONG FARMS LIMITED(2011 TILL DATE)
• FACILITATING INSTRUCTOR; BEEKEEPING PROFICIENCY COURSES, NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, JOS STUDY CENTER (2007 TILL DATE)
• MANAGING CONSULTANT; POD OF ECWA BEEKEEPING DEMONSTRATION APIARY UNDER THE FOOD SECURITY COMPONENT(2009 TILL DATE)
• CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER; APIS INTERACTIVE NETWORK ,WILD LIFE PARK, JOS (1999 TILL DATE)
• POLLINATION SERVICE PROVIDER /TRAINING CONSULTANT (BEEKEEPING); AGRICULTURAL SERVICES & TRAINING CENTER, KASSA, PLATEAU STATE (2011 TILL DATE)
• PRINCIPALTRAINING CONSULTANT, OXFAM GB, MERCY CORPS/UKAID, DANIDA BEEKEEPING VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS; ADAMAWA, PLATEAU AND KADUNA STATES.
• TEAM LEADER; USAID MARKETS II-BARGONG FARMS LIMITED BEEKEEPING & POLLINATION PROJECT IN SOYABEANS AND COCOA ALUE CHAINS OF BENUE, CROSS RIVER, KADUNA, NIGER & ONDO STATES, 2014-2018
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PROFESSIONAL APICULTURE QUALIFICATIONS
• INTERNATIONAL PG CERT; APICULTURE SCIENCE; CINADCO ISRAEL, 2005.
• INTERNATIONAL PG CERT; BEE APIDOLOGY; APIMONDIA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS (FAO), CELLE GERMANY ,2002
• PG CERT; MODERN BEEKEEPING; MAGHREB CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, MINNA, NIGERIA, 2006
• CERT OF ATTENDANCE; APIMONDIA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS UKRAINE, 2013
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The Definition of Apiculture • Apiculture is the science of the interaction of
honeybees (Apis Mellifera),bumblebees (bombus terrastris) & stingless bees (melliponea beachei), with the environment & how this interaction affects/benefits man.
• Beekeeping is the applied practice of husbanding honeybees for achieving optimum benefit
• Melliponiculture is the practice of husbanding sting less bees.
• Bumblebee keeping is the practice of husbanding bumblebees.
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Honeybees (Apis mellifera)
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Stingless Bees (Melliponea beachei)
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Bumblebees(Bombus terrastris)
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The Five Icons of Apiculture Science & Beekeeping Tech
• Icon 2
• Beekeeping for Providing pollination as an agro-intensive technique
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Food Production in Africa
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Farmer Per capita outputBlue bar- Output per annum (in terms of tons per annum)
Green bar- Food energy & resource required to produce (in terms of tons per annum)* The margin between the blue and the green demonstrates that 90% of African
farmers produce a surplus barely enough to feed them and family but insufficient to raise them out of subsistence existence
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The USAID MARKETS II Pollination Project
• Project Codes: Sub-contracts 068 (April 2014-May 2015) 107 (July 2015- April 2016)
• Deliverables: Increase household economic strength of 750 (60% women/40% men) soybeans/cocoa farmers & increase per hectare yield of 1,650 plots
• Location; North Central, South West & South South regions in Nigeria
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Cost analysis of Pollination service delivery as an agro-technique
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POLLINATIONIS THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM THE MALE PART(Anther) OF A
FLOWER TO THE FEMALE PART(Stigma)
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INSECTS
BEETLES
FLIES
BUTTERFLIES
BEES
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BEE POLLINATORS IN GREENHOUSES
BUMBLE BEE
HONEY BEE
STINGLESS BEES
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INSECT POLLINATED PLANTES
LARGE FLOWERS
COLORFUL FLOWERS
SHOWY FLOWERS
SCENTED FLOWERS
FEW POLEN GRAINS
NECTAR GUIDE
LARGE POLLEN GRAINS
STICKY POLLEN GRAINS
NECTARIES
ADVERTISMENT
REWARD
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CHARACTERISTICS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE
IMPORTANCE OF HONEY BEE AS POLLINATOR
• AVAILABITY AND ACCESSIBILITY
• ALL YEAR-AROUND ACTIVITY
• CONSTANCY TO A CERTAIN PLANT
• NUTRITIONAL DEMANDS
• EXTERNAL HAIR COVER
• ABILITY TO BE ACTIVE IN A WIDE RANGE OF
CONDITIONS
• LARGE COLONY POPULATION
• HIGH VISITING FREQUENCY
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BENEFITS FROM OPTIMUM POLLINATION
• INCREASED QUALITY
• INCREASED QUANTITY
• INCREASED REGULARITY
• INCREASED SIZE AND WEITH
• INCREASED SEED OIL CONTENTS
• INCREASED TSS
• INCREASED STORAGE PERIOD
• DECREASE GROWING PERIOD
• CONTROL PESTS
• INCREASED HARVEST UNIFORMITY
• DECREASED ALLERGY
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Justification for Pollination
• Food security;
increase volumes in
terms of returns to
scale
• Maximize utility;
achieve extra benefit
from an existing
practice
• Environmental
accountability in
production process;
maintain & sustain
factors of production
while achieving
• Cost efficiency;
Achieve affordability
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TIMING BEE INTRODUCTION
AFTER START OF BLOOMING
10%
BEES ON TARGET CROPS
REMOVAL 90% BLOSSOM DROP
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
i- Establish crop flowering status (reward or
advertisement)
ii- Determine size of plot
iii- Asses hectarage, proximity and location of
competing flora (flowers that can distract the
bees from the target crop) in relation to the
target crop
iv- Determine chemical spraying timetable to
avoid toxic exposure
v-Accurately schedule delivery and evacuation
of bees for pollination
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(contractual commitment of both parties)
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
•Select strong but gentle colony
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
•Fortify combs against breakage
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
•Provide feeding for 1st day at new location
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
Load hive into carrier case
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
Engage reliable transport
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
Position bee hive strategically on target crop
plot. Monitoring is necessary
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
•(livestock delivery sequence)
Withdraw bees after 90% drop in bloom and
return to apiary
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POLLINATION SERVICE DELIVERY PROTOCOL
Record changes in yield
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EFFECTIVE
POLLINATION
REQUIRES
PLANNING AND
EFFICIENT
COORDINATION
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Crop Plots
pollinated
Per hectare yield before pollination Per hectare
yield after pollination
Percentage
increase
Target
increase
Other
Parameters
observed
Ref
Cocoa 24 0.68 tons 0.72 tons 8% 20% 1-Beans heavier.
2-Pod shell thinner.
Assessment tools
S-beans 64 1.8 tons 2.2 tons 60% 20% 1-Beans heavier
2-More beans per pod
“
Oil palm 16 1.2 tons 2.3 tons 105% - 1-Slower congealing rates
“
Millet 18 0.9 tons 3.4 tons 300% - “
Pepper
16 1.5 tons 3 tons 100% -
1-Longer storage life
2- Higher harvesting frequency
“
Citrus 20 3 tons 4.2 tons 40% - 1-Less drop wastage
2-Longer storage life
3-Harvesting uniformity
4-Higher TSS
“
Melon 14 0.8 tons 1.6 tons 100% - 1-Higher oil content in seeds
2-More seeds in pod
“
Tomato 8 2.2 tons 4.3 tons 90% - 1-Longer storage life
2-Reduced field pest attacks
“
Bush Mango 18 1.2 tons 1.4 tons 5% - -
“
Rice 4 0.6 tons 0.7 tons 3% - 1-Shortened growing period
“
Common beans 12 1.2 tons 1.8 tons 50% - 1-Shortened growing period
2-Reduced post-harvest pests
“
Watermelon 12 2.5 tons 5.1 tons 100% - 1-Larger fruits
2-Higher TSS
“
Bitter leaf 8 1.2 tons 2 tons 60% -
“
Cucumber 11 1.8 tons 3.6 tons 100% - 1-Larger fruits
2-Higher TSS
3-Longer storage life
“
Total 245 86% -
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Pollination is NOT a random activity and
CANNOT be left to assumption(biotic
agents)
It must be approached as a critical
indispensable component of modern
agriculture if Africa is to gain food
security within a ‘threshold’ period.