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Australopithecus afarensis: An extinct species of early hominid whose fossil

remains were discovered in Ethiopia and have been dated at between 3.5 and 4

million years ago.

Australopithecus africanus: An extinct species of gracile hominid, formerly

known as Plesanthropus transvaalensis that lived in southern Africa about 3

million years ago.

Australopithecus robustus: An extinct species of large-toothed, bipedal

hominid that lived in southern Africa about 1.5 and 2 million years ago.

(Formerly classified as the genus Paranthropus)

Australopithecus boisei: An extinct species of very rugged, large-toothed

bipedal hominid, formerly known as Zinjanthropus boisei, that lived in eastern

Africa one to two million years ago.

Homo habilis: An extinct species of upright East African hominid havingsome advanced humanlike characteristics, dated as being from 1.5 million to

more than 2 million years old and proposed as an early form ofHomo leading

to modern humans.

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Homo erectus: An extinct species of the human lineage, formerly known as

Pithecanthropus erectus, having upright stature and a well-evolved postcranial

skeleton, but with a smallish brain, low forehead, and protruding face.

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Neanderthal man): A member of an

extinct subspecies of powerful, physically robust humans that inhabited Europe

and western and central Asia about 100,000 to 40,000 B.C.

Homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnon): An Upper Paleolithic population of

humans, regarded as the prototype of modern Homo sapiens in Europe.

Skeletal remains found in an Aurignacian cave in southern France indicate that

the Cro-Magnon had long heads, broad faces, and sunken eyes, and reached a

height of approximately 5 ft. 9 in. (175 cm).

Ali Ghahreman