Homework: Your Worldview What is your ontology and epistemology?* Ontology: How do you see the...
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Transcript of Homework: Your Worldview What is your ontology and epistemology?* Ontology: How do you see the...
Homework: Your WorldviewWhat is your ontology and epistemology?*Ontology: How do you see the world? Is there Social
order or radical change? Is reality something you experience (separate from you) or something you help to create?
Epistemology: Can we be objective in our study of the world? Or does our subjectivity persist and interfere?
Theory: What is your theory of change? How does change occur in the world? Is it controlled or uncontrolled?
*Some info from Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis, Heinemann, 1979, 1-37
Homework Revisited
Functionalism: Social Order + ObjectivityInterpretivism: Social Order + SubjectivityRadical Structuralism: Constant change +
ObjectivityRadical Humanism: Constant change +
Subjectivity
Ontology: Social Order vs. Radical/constant change
Epistemology: Objective vs. Subjective
Fall 2015Research Methods
Class 3
The Research Process & Types of Research
The Research Process1. Observation (exploration+question)2. Rationalization (design+method)3. Validation (data + analysis)
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Observation: ExplorationExperience
Curiousity, life experiences, interests, choosing a topic
Literature ReviewFind articles about topics of interest – focus on
specific aspect“What has already been written on my topic?”
Research QuestionBegin to formulate a research question“What do I want to know?”
Rationalization: Research DesignDefine concepts/variables: operationalization
What concepts are part of my topic?How do I define these concepts so they can be measured?
Research QuestionRefine question with operational definitions
Choose a method + sampleHow do you collect data? Who are you asking?Methods: Surveys, interviews, focus groups, ethnography,
case study, participatory action research, secondary data analysis, (experiments)
Research Proposal*Now you know what you want to do, write it up, get approved
($)
Validation: Data & AnalysisCollect data
Quantitative or Qualitative? Mixed Methods?
Data AnalysisDepends on types of data collected
Research Report*Conclusion and findings
The Research Process1. Observation (exploration+question)2. Rationalization (design+method)3. Validation (data + analysis)
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Research Type
Types of Research
Descriptive Making careful observations and detailed documentation of a
phenomenon What, Where, When What amount of formerly incarcerated individuals have trouble finding a
job? Exploratory
Conducted in new areas of inquiry to scope out the magnitude or extent of a particular problem or to generate some initial ideas
Do formerly incarcerated individuals face barriers to employment? Explanatory
Most academic research is explanatory – tries to ‘connect the dots’ Why do formerly incarcerated individuals have trouble finding a job? How are formerly incarcerated individuals treated by employers?
Evaluative Does Program X helped formerly incarcerated individuals find and keep
a job?
Discuss1. Criminal justice system: Sentencing, plea
bargaining2. Prison: Reform, Recidivism, Mass
incarceration, overcrowding3. Economic inequality4. NYPD/Law Enforcement: Hiring
process, Racial bias5. Drugs: Abuse, Legalization, Decriminalization6. Immigration/Human trafficking7. Gentrification8. Social/Political Movements
1. Criminal justice system
2. Prison3. Economic inequality4. NYPD/Law Enforcement
1. Drugs2. Immigration/Human trafficking3. Gentrification4. Social/Political Movements
Reading…Chapter 2: Thinking Like a Researcher (p. 9-15)
In Social Science Research- Principles Methods and Practices
Sections 2.1-2.2: Basic Concepts & Generating Good Research Questions (p. 23-38)In Research Methods in Psychology
Pay attention to:Unit of AnalysisConceptVariableIndependent vs. dependent variableOperational definitionCorrelation vs. Causation
Dialectics of Social Research• There are many ways and methods to
conduct social research • Idiographic and Nomothetic Explanation• How do we explain a situation, group of
people?• Inductive and Deductive Theory• What is your reasoning method?
• Quantitative and Qualitative Data• What type of data are you collecting?
• Pure and Applied Research• What is the type and purpose of the research
you are conducting?