HOMEOSTASIS
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Transcript of HOMEOSTASIS
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HOMEOSTASIS
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Understanding Homeostasis at the Cellular LevelCELL THEORY AND STRUCTURE
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Cell Theory1. All living things are made of cells2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in an organism (basic unit of life)3. Cells come from the reproduction of
existing cells (cell division)
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History of Cells & the Cell Theory
In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cell walls)
What he saw looked like small boxes Hooke is responsible for naming cells In 1673, Leeuwenhoek was first to view
living organisms Leeuwenhoek used a simple, handheld
microscope to view pond water & scrapings from his teeth
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SCHLEIDEN, SCHWANN &
VIRCHOW In 1838, a German botanist named Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells
In 1839, a German zoologist named Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals were made of cells
In 1855, a German medical doctor named Rudolph Virchow observed, under the microscope, cells dividing
He reasoned that all cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division
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Remember Endosymbiotic Theory
In 1970, American biologist, Lynn Margulis, provided evidence that some organelles within cells were at one time free living cells themselves – this is called Endosymbiotic Theory
Chloroplasts and mitochondria were the organelles she pointed to as evidence of this theory
Chloroplast and Mitochondria have their own DNA which is different from the DNA of the cell 6
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Number of Cells
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• Unicellular – composed of one cell
Ex: bacteria, yeast
• Multicellular - composed of many cells that may organize
Ex: butterfly, flower
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Prokaryotes
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• Have a nucleoid region contains the DNA (no nucleus)
• Have a cell membrane & cell wall
• Contain ribosomes to make proteins in their cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell
Contain 3 basic cell structures:
Nucleus (containing DNA)
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with
organelles
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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Organelles
Called the “organs” of cells Very small in size Have specific functions Found in cytoplasm of cell
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Lysosome Contain digestive
enzymes Break down food
and worn out cell parts
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Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Produces the ribosomes that make proteins
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Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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• Smooth ER - lacks ribosomes & detoxifies poisons and synthesizes lipids
• Rough ER - has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT
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Mitochondria
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• Site of Cellular respiration – the capturing of energy from food
• Breaks down glucose to produce energy ATP
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Plant Cell Organelles
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• Process called photosynthesis occurs here
Chloroplas
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Plant Cell
• Made of cellulose• Found in plant cells
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Cell wall
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Plant Cell Organelles
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Have a large central vacuole
Vacuole
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Animal Cell Organelles
19glycogen granule
• Glycogen is stored in the cytoplasm of animal cells for food energy
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Animal Cell Organelles
Near the nucleus in an animal cell
Help cell divide20
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What are the basic parts of all eukaryotic cells?
Have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
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Have membrane-bound organelles
Have a nucleus
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Differences between plant cells and animal cells
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Animal cells Plant cells
Relatively small in size
Irregular shapeNo cell wall
Relatively large in size
Regular shapeCell wall present
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Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
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Animal cells Plant cellsVacuole small or
absentGlycogen as food
storageNucleus at the
center
Large central vacuole
Starch as food storage
Nucleus near cell wall