Homeland Security Paradigm Shift.V3

Homeland Security

A Paradigm Shift and Its Impact on Education

and Training

Ramon Martinez Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (Retired)

Homeland Security Defense Coalition & Homeland Security University

“Protecting Your Country through Knowledge”

www.Homeland-Security-College.us

Approved for public release

Aug 25, 2005

Homeland Security: A Paradigm Shift and Its Impact on Education and Training

Homeland Security Defense Coalition; Homeland Security University 2

Ramon Martinez, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (Retired), is Vice President of Strategic Management at the Homeland Security Defense Coalition, and Vice President of Region 2 at the Homeland Security University. Colonel Martinez provides a well rounded leadership background. With almost three decades of public management and private sector experience, Colonel Martinez distinguished himself by providing solutions in the fields of national security, homeland security, strategic management, workforce development, education, capacity building, and professional ethics. Colonel Martinez has a Master of Arts degree in Philosophy from the University of California at Santa Barbara; a Master’s degree in Public Administration from the University of Northern Colorado; a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy and Geography from California State University at Long Beach; and an Associate in Arts degree from Los Angeles City College. After receiving his commission through the Reserve Officer Training Corps at the University of Southern California, Colonel Martinez served a twenty-year military career in the regular component of the US Air Force. Colonel Martinez began his military career as a Missile Combat Crew Commander and Instructor at the 90th Strategic Missile Wing at F E Warren AFB, Wyoming. From there he was assigned to a dual position at the 1st Strategic Aerospace Division/Test and Evaluation at Vandenberg AFB, CA, as the Advanced Missile Systems Program Manager for the MX Peacekeeper Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), and as Test Director of Minuteman II and III ICBMs. He later served as Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Department Executive Officer at the US Air Force Academy teaching ethics, American philosophy and philosophy of law, and authored for the Department of the US Air Force Ethics and the Military Profession. Colonel Martinez then served as Deputy Secretary at the Inter-American Defense Board in Washington, DC, which is the military arm of the Organization of American States. Subsequently, he went on to serve as a National Defense Fellow at the University Of Miami Graduate School Of International Studies where he published The Inter-American Defense Board Fosters Cooperation in



the North-South Magazine of the Americas, and authored a white paper for the Department of Defense entitled An Archetype for European Security. Colonel Martinez went on to win the Armed Forces Writing Award for an article entitled United Nations Forces 2000. Colonel Martinez then served as Chief of Latin American Strategy representing the Commander-in-Chief of US Southern Command, General Barry R. McCaffrey, at the White House, Congress, the Department of State, and the Department of Defense. He culminated his military career as Director of the US Southern Command Washington Field Office. Upon retiring from the Air Force, Colonel Martinez entered the private sector as Vice President at Genetics & IVF Institute in Fairfax, VA, where he successfully delivered DNA technology solutions in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean in the areas of criminal offender databases, infectious disease testing, and paternity testing. Through extensive consultation with the presidents and cabinet members of the Republic of Panama, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Argentina Colonel Martinez then acted as a senior advisor to the legislatures of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Republic of Panama in crafting legislative bills and passing their respective DNA criminal offender database and paternity testing laws. Following the devastating terrorist incidents of September 11, 2001, as a private consultant, Colonel Martinez worked on the initial Homeland Security efforts by developing twenty lesson presentations based on manuals captured in Afghanistan. These lessons were used to instruct federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies on the profiles, recruitment, training, methodologies, and objectives of terrorists. Colonel Martinez then served as the Director of Strategic Planning at the South Florida Workforce Board. He developed a strategic plan for the entire workforce delivery system of Miami-Dade County and Monroe County, which the Board of Directors unanimously approved for 2004-2008. Colonel Martinez took the plan further and presented a Primer on Strategic Planning at the Florida Workforce Summit in Orlando, FL, and conducted a work session on The Strategic Planning Process at the Urban Academy for Welfare Reform in Minneapolis, MN. Colonel Martinez is a member of the board of directors of Global Holding, Inc., a U.S. transportation company with exclusive rights to market, sell, and distribute Chinese manufactured autos and industrial cargo vehicles in the Western Hemisphere, and sell U.S. manufactured executive jets in the Peoples Republic of China. You may contact Colonel Martinez at [email protected]



TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………...... 6 Terrorism………………………………………………………………….….. 6 Homeland Security………………………………………………………….. 8 An Overview of Homeland Security Education and Training………....... 9 The Importance of the Workforce……………………………………..…... 10 Private Sector Involvement…………………………………………….….. 11 Violence in the Workplace…………………………………………………. 11 Paradigm…………………………………………………………………….. 12 A Paradigm Shift in Homeland Security...……………………………...... 12 The New Paradigm…………………..………………..……………..…..… 13 Homeland Security Defense Coalition and Homeland Security University.............................................................................................. 16 Conclusion………………………………..…………………………………. 19



FIGURES Figure 1 Homeland Security Circular Constant Learning Flow

Paradigm…….………………………………………………… 15 Figure 2 Homeland Security Discipline Matrix…..…………...…..….. 18



INTRODUCTION For over a century, the conventional approach to developing security and emergency management education and training focused on asset protection that assume reactive responses to overarching incidents, emergencies, or other extreme disaster situations. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. and the July 7 and July 21, 2005, terrorist attacks in London are dramatically changing the security and emergency management industry. The threat of terrorism is driving the introduction of new and more innovative strategies that favor more aggressive preemptive approaches to deter, intercept, and obstruct terrorism. This paper evaluates the critical issue of terrorism, discusses the nascent homeland security industry, presents a new paradigm for homeland security, and relates its impact to education and training. Security, in general, and emergency management have historically required limited education beyond high-school. In many cases, associates or bachelors degrees have sufficed for management. Although education and training up to this point have served the purposes of past priorities, unfortunately they are quickly proving to be inadequate and ineffective to the current tactics of terrorist groups. Security and emergency management is not about simply preparing for and reacting to a natural or man-made emergency, threat, or disaster; rather, it consists in assuming the most extreme terror circumstance and preemptively diffusing it before it becomes a disruptive situation. TERRORISM Terrorism is the random murdering of innocent people (called noncombatants) for the expressed purpose of destroying the morale and undercutting the solidarity of a nation or a class of people until they feel so fatally exposed that they demand their governments to negotiate for their safety, and grant terrorist’s demands or accede to their objectives. To spread and increase the rate of fear and anxiety among the people, terrorists randomly target and expose people within that nation or class of people to a violent death or injury, not because of their individual conduct; rather, they aim at a nation or class of people precisely because they share a collective identity. Terrorists commit the fallacy of guilt by association. For the terrorists, no one is immune from attack. They will kill anybody simply to convey their message. The terrorists do not require the capability to eradicate an entire nation or class of people; they only require generating the perception that a nation or class of people are at risk. Terrorists randomly commit murder to a) create the perception that a nation or class of people are extremely vulnerable to



death or harm at home or abroad; b) demonstrate they control the destiny of others; and c) achieve their objectives. The murder campaign conducted by terrorists reveal their true intentions; it is the attempt to rob people of their unconditional worth and intrinsic value. Since terrorism is the attempt to devalue the existence of people, terrorists are tyrants who intentionally violate the moral law. Terrorism occurred in the U.S. before 9/11. For example, prior to 9/11 the U.S. sustained attacks via courthouse bombings; mail bombs; the Oregon salad bar salmonella attacks; the Tylenol cyanide poisoning; sniper shootings, abortion clinic bombings; the bombing at the World Trade Center on February 23, 1993; and the Oklahoma City bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Office Building on April 19, 1995. By using inherently indiscriminate weapons that generate random effects, terrorism makes everyone vulnerable and subject to an unjust attack. In particular, the specter of catastrophic terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD), such as nuclear, biological, radiological and chemical, become the consummate weapons for terrorists. Unlike natural hazards, terrorists are intelligent human beings that learn and adapt to achieve their intentions. While the probability of using WMD is low, the risk of terrorists acquiring a WMD generates the very fear and anxiety they want to instill in a nation or class of people, even without using it. Terrorists do exact a devastating cost to our society by using conventional tactics such as handling commercial airplanes as guided missiles with bombs. Although the element of surprise using commercial airplanes has virtually disappeared, terrorists constantly look for weaknesses not yet used for exploitation. The private sector currently is the point of attack with the greatest loss of people, facilities, data, archives, and revenue. Statistical data published in the Department of State report entitled Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001 illustrated that terrorists attacked private sector facilities more frequently than any other types of facilities. Additionally, the Insurance Information Institute published a chart depicting that 9/11 resulted in business interruption in the amount of $11.0 billion; it was 27 percent of all estimated damage and the largest of the total damage. The message is clear: everyone is impacted by the threat of constant and more invasive terrorism.



HOMELAND SECURITY Homeland security is our national solution to terrorism as well as natural hazards. Congress enacted two pieces of legislation in reply to and in anticipation of the threats posed by terrorism. President George W. Bush signed into law on October 26, 2001, the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act of 2001 (PL 107-56) entitled Uniting and Strengthening America by Proving Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. The Patriot Act authorizes law enforcement agencies, particularly the attorney general and the Department of Justice, to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world by collecting information on suspected terrorists, detaining suspected terrorists, deterring terrorists from entering and operating within the borders of the United States, and limiting the ability of terrorists to engage in money-laundering activities that support terrorist actions. On November 25, 2002, President Bush signed into law the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (PL 107-296). This legislation established and activated on January 24, 2003, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as an executive branch agency with the secretary reporting directly to the president. The Homeland Security Act mandated establishing a safe and secure homeland by combining 22 federal entities, approximately 180,000 personnel, under the umbrella of DHS; this is the most extensive federal reorganization since President Harry S. Truman signed into law the National Security Act of 1947. The National Strategy for Homeland Security, dated July 2002, defined homeland security as…”a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur.” First responders will remain responsible for managing the consequences of attacks, incidents, emergencies or disasters; however, the National Strategy for Homeland Security further recognizes that “an informed and proactive citizenry is an invaluable asset for our country in times of peace and war.” To successfully protect our homeland, in the end, each person, workforce member, organization, business, private security company, public security organization, and community must contribute by helping deter, prevent, and mitigate the risks of terrorist attacks. As a new discipline and a nascent industry, homeland security continually invents itself by anticipating, preempting, and reacting to the constant and more effective terrorists’ techniques. Homeland security, therefore, requires a new paradigm that is based on a circular constant learning flow of integrated proactive and reactive solutions. Homeland security education and training organizations then must develop and flawlessly deliver innovative programs and curricula based on this new paradigm.



AN OVERVIEW OF HOMELAND SECURITY EDUCATION AND TRAINING Most universities and colleges promoting homeland security curricula fail in this endeavor. They offer diluted versions of the hard lined reforms and the new paradigm required in homeland security. Offered under the guise of a “new program,” many university homeland security programs and curricula are simply watered-down or slightly modified criminal justice programs or military science courses. Yet these homeland security programs are developed under unquestioned assumptions and misconceptions. Particularly, that homeland security is the same as law enforcement. Homeland security is more than policing, law enforcement, and emergency management; it is about comprehensive asset security. While law enforcement focuses on the maintenance of order and the enforcement of laws, homeland security emphasizes ensuring tangible and intangible assets are not unduly or inadvertently placed at risk. Therefore, law enforcement does not equate to homeland security. Moreover, most courses are offered under the reactive paradigm. The universities do not design the courses and programs using a circular constant learning flow of integrated proactive and reactive solutions with original strategies and techniques. For example, a Washington Times article stated that the University of Connecticut is offering a master’s degree in homeland security. The article claims “Students will learn how to respond to disasters such as outbreaks of diseases or terrorist attacks that endanger food supplies.” The consequence is that students and workforce members are short-changed. Knowing criminal law, crime scene investigation, police tactics, and emergency management does not equate to proactively deterring and preventing the loss of life and assets, and mitigating risks. Students only learn to prepare for and respond to incidents, emergencies or disasters. As a result, homeland security requires a different approach, different paradigm, different skill set, and distinct education and training requirements. On the other hand, private security firms claim to offer superior training programs. While this may bear some truth, they do not have the credentials to establish and sustain homeland security training programs since it is an infant industry. For example, the security services profession is not a codified profession. The profession does not have federal laws and national standards that stipulate and enforce mandatory requirements. Furthermore, those private security managers, instructors and employees with higher education were most likely the same people instructed at criminal justice schools or attended military science programs. More importantly, evidence indicates that all curriculum topics



emphasize reactive strategies rather than proactive contributions of workforce members, organizations, businesses, and communities. Finally, research conducted by Graeme, K. Deans, Fritz Kroger, and Stefan Zeisel, in Winning the Merger Endgame (McGraw-Hill, 2002), disclosed that four foreign owned companies account for approximately thirty (30) percent of market share in the United States. The top four foreign owned companies are Swedish-based Securitas North America, which owns Pinkerton, Burns and other companies; Copenhagen and The Hague based Group 4 Falcks, which owns Wackenhut Corporation; British owned Initial Security; and British owned AHL Services. This highly suggests that these foreign owned businesses are in the business of security, but not homeland security. Thus, they continue using and teaching the reactive paradigm. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WORKFORCE We entered the 21st century with trends emphasizing the importance of intangible assets, in particular the contributions by our workforce, which sometimes is referred to as human capital. They are truly the key to our prosperity and the continued success of our national economy. Terrorists quickly recognize this fact and intentionally attack the workforce to disrupt and destabilize our economy. The World Trade Center attacks in 1993 and 2001 and the London attacks during July 2005 are prime examples. Although the workforce is a key terrorist target, the workforce is the neglected component in homeland security. They receive inadequate training on security and little to no proactive homeland security training. Effective training is an educational, informative, and skill developing process resulting with employees learning how to accomplish a task, project, or procedure. Empirical evidence suggests that new employees are not trained; rather, they receive only a general orientation, and unfortunately, people tend to learn little and retain less. While security training should be a continuous, recurrent, and an ongoing program, workforce members generally receive repeated instances of the original orientation. There exists a high probability that public and private sector workforce members can significantly contribute to homeland security by proactively deterring, preventing, and mitigating the risk of terrorism. They are on the front lines as targets, and we have not taken advantage of educating and training the people who can serve as witnesses or obstructers of such terrorist techniques or tactics. Law enforcement agencies are responsible for obtaining, fusing, analyzing, and disseminating “intelligence” everyday in the course of their operations to detect events or activities that may have some national implications. However, the



workforce is a fundamental source of intelligence because they are the primary agents to come into contact with possible terrorists and/or their activities. For example, a Florida flight school instructor reported to law enforcement agencies his suspicion that a student was possibly taking the course to perform terrorist activities. In order to be of any intelligence value, workforce members must know what to look for and how to properly respond. This can be successfully accomplished through a sound, comprehensive, and integrated formal education and training in homeland security; presented in accordance with an instructor systems development program; developed, overseen, and taught by counter-terrorism experts; and specifically designed using the new homeland security paradigm as the foundation. PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT The private sector assumes the increasing responsibility for fulfilling the demands of homeland security. Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, dated February 28, 2003, recognizes the role the private and non-governmental sectors perform. The private sector owns approximately 85 percent of the infrastructure in the U.S. Deterring attacks, dramatically decreasing the vulnerabilities, and increasing the security of the private sector protects the largest portion of U.S. infrastructure and economic viability. Corporate America must proactively take the steps to deter, mitigate the risks, and prevent terrorist attacks on our homeland. To successfully meet this challenge, the private sector must break away from the conventional approach and use the new paradigm. VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE Threats to people and assets are not new phenomena. Although we experienced an increased awareness and concern for our well-being immediately following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, violence in the workplace continues unabated. Today’s workforce operates under continuous stress to do more with less and of the fear of unemployment. As a result, workplace violence may occur in any type of workplace environment. Recent events involving disgruntled employees, visitors, upset customers, and people with interpersonal conflicts include workplaces such as the post office, office buildings, municipal buildings, insurance companies, legal offices, college and university campuses, high school, and now even elementary schools. This



places a great responsibility and burden on the private and public sectors to take every reasonable measure to deter, prevent, and mitigate the opportunity for a violent episode. Violence in the workplace is a homeland security issue and should be effectively addressed using the new paradigm. PARADIGM A paradigm is an accepted pattern of thinking, model, or framework used to explain phenomena, interpret reality, or serve as exemplary solutions to acute problems. Thomas Kuhn, in the Structure of Scientific Revolutions (The University of Chicago Press, 3rd edition, 1996), defined paradigm as “On the one hand, it stands for entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on shared by members of a given community. On the other, it denotes one sort of element in that constellation, the concrete puzzle-solutions which employed as models or examples can replace explicit rules as a basis for the solution of the remaining puzzles of normal science.” Within the context of homeland security, a paradigm is the recognized exemplary model the community of homeland security practitioners uses to solve a set of problems within the profession, and functions as the foundation for furthering the profession of homeland security, including the education, training, and development of their successors and new recruits. A PARADIGM SHIFT IN HOMELAND SECURITY Kuhn coined the term paradigm shift to signify a change from one shared way of thinking to another. A once useful paradigm becomes obsolete when it is unable to account for challenges to the profession, cannot adequately supply clues to solving the set of problems within a profession, and is incapable of guaranteeing that the practitioners can excel in the profession. A paradigm shift occurs when a new paradigm supplants or overtakes the obsolete paradigm. The new paradigm for an effective homeland security program incorporates the dual dimensions of proactive and reactive actions into a circular constant learning flow. Proactive is a concept used in management textbooks since the 1970s. But it is a disparaged term because many people misunderstand or misapply the concept. Proactive means taking action to achieve a desired outcome by projecting a future picture. It is about deciding where we want to go regarding homeland security, called our future picture; determining where we are in relationship to our future picture; disclosing the barriers to achieving our future picture; establishing



the available courses of actions and allocating resources, communicating the future picture and selected course of action; educating and training the workforce to flawlessly execute and achieve the future picture; flawlessly executing the selected course of action; and then communicating the lessons learned in order to improve professionally and organizationally to achieve the future picture. Absent the proactive dimension, homeland security remains trapped by the conventional and now obsolete paradigm. Homeland security will be relegated to responding to and managing the consequences of reported activities, incidents, emergencies, or disasters. Instead of allowing someone or some event to determine an outcome, we must think and take the necessary actions to achieve and sustain our own way of life. The tragic terrorism events at the World Trade Center on 9/11 and in London during July 2005 painfully revealed the need to undertake a paradigm shift to improve the security and safety of our nation. Homeland security is our national solution and critical challenge. And, it requires integrating the efforts of the public and private sectors to be proactive as well as reactive. But for homeland security to be effective, the public and private sectors must empower its workforce by educating, training, and developing them for flawless execution. THE NEW PARADIGM Figure 1 depicts the new homeland security paradigm as a circular constant learning flow of six components existing within the dual dimensions of proactive and reactive perspectives. It illustrates that the integrated proactive and reactive perspectives are two sides of the same coin. Component one establishes the foundation of the proactive perspective by presenting a strategic management approach to homeland security. Since success is planned, the paradigm begins by developing and communicating a strategic plan, including policies, procedures, and standards. However, organizations can only achieve success through leadership and flawless execution of a strategic plan. The second component demonstrates that educating, training, and developing the workforce is crucial to successful homeland security. Workforce means employees, volunteers, trainees, and other persons whose conduct, in the performance of work for a covered entity, is under the direct control of such entity, whether or not they are paid by the covered entity. Organizations create an empowered workforce by educating, training, and developing them into a capable workforce prepared to flawlessly execute the strategic plan.



The third component illustrates that an empowered workforce can significantly contribute in deterring and preventing terrorism while helping to mitigate the risks of terrorism. Although history suggests that terrorists as a whole are not deterred, terrorist are adverse to operational risks. If they perceive that the risk of failure is high, then it is highly probable the terrorists will be deterred from executing their operation. An empowered workforce increases the risk of operational failure for terrorists. Components four and five comprise the reactive perspective of the paradigm. Component four emphasizes having flexible, adaptive, and robust capabilities in place in order to get the right resources, educated and trained responders, and equipment to the incident, emergency, or disaster. This requires establishing an effective response plan and program to cope with diverse circumstances when a terrorist act occurs. Component five requires coordinating well and flawlessly executing the response plan to manage and recover from the incident, emergency, or disaster. Component six is a proactive perspective because debriefing is the mechanism for evaluating and improving the entire process of homeland security. Upon completing emergency management and recovery, organizations critique the execution of the plan(s), generate lessons learned, share gathered intelligence, and use the debrief to modify, improve, or change the strategic plan. Serving as the catalyst for establishing a learning organization, this component continues the circular constant learning flow.



Figure 1 Homeland Security Circular Constant Learning Flow Paradigm

1. Plan, Communicate, and Lead

2. Empower by Educating, Training, and Developing the

Workforce

3. Deter, Prevent, and Mitigate

5. Manage and Recover from the Incident,

Emergency, or Disaster

4. Respond to an Incident, Emergency, or Disaster

6. Debrief

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HOMELAND SECURITY DEFENSE COALTION AND HOMELAND SECURITY UNIVERSITY As the people on the front-line, workforce members can significantly contribute in deterring, mitigating the risks, and preventing terrorist attacks on our homeland. Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland Security University, is uniquely organized to offer high level education and training in homeland security. We are the result of three years planning post 9/11. Unlike similar programs appearing across the country, we specifically designed our certificate, diploma, and degree courses and program to address the needs of the homeland security industry; the needs of the current homeland security workforce; those individuals seeking to enter the homeland security workforce; and members of the general workforce. We recruited and continue recruiting national and international counter-terrorism professionals We Empower Your Workforce on Homeland Security If knowledge is power, then shared knowledge is empowerment. Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland Security University, is in the business of empowering public and private sector workforce members to contribute in homeland security. Our Mission: We empower the workforce in homeland security by providing the most current, best-in-class, and evidence-based education and training. We teach the workforce to be proactive rather than simply reactive by using the homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm. We help protect the homeland by sharing knowledge in counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism. Moreover, we provide the necessary tools, methodologies, and skills to enable the workforce to deter, mitigate the risks of and prevent terrorist attacks on our homeland; and manage and recover from incidents, disasters, and emergencies when they do occur.



Our Vision Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland Security University, will be the leading education and training provider in the professional fields of homeland security, corporate security management, and private security service. As a customer-driven, core-value directed, and an aligned and integrated organization, we will develop and sustain a portfolio of services, programs, and curricula that fulfill the needs of our customers while anticipating the future needs of the homeland security industry. Homeland Security Disciplinary Matrix The disciplinary matrix is an analytic framework for identifying the key components that education and training courses and programs should possess in the nascent homeland security industry. Figure 2 graphically depicts the current state of education and training institutes in the homeland security industry and what customers can generally expect to receive from the entities in the market. The horizontal axis identifies the range of crucial components the homeland security education and training industry offers. There are eleven factors:

1. Strategic Management: a comprehensive understanding and demonstrated application of strategic management throughout the entire homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm

2. Managerial Education: the integration, understanding, and application of management and leadership concepts, principles, and skills; and the integration of security in the management of the private and public sectors

3. Proactive Perspective: the integrated proactive approach of planning, communicating and leading a strategic plan; empowerment by educating, training, and developing the workforce in homeland security; deterring, preventing and mitigating the risk of terrorism; and debriefing an accident, incident, or disaster.

4. Reactive Perspective: the response, management, and recovery of an incident, emergency, or disaster

5. Counter-terrorism 6. Anti-terrorism 7. Development: inclusiveness in the development of the entire workforce 8. Degrees: undergraduate and graduate degrees in the field of homeland

security 9. Comprehensive Asset Security: the protection of tangible and intangible

assets; the promotion of a secure workplace environment; the mitigation of the likelihood of loss or injury; business risk analysis; human resource security; and global operations support



10. Critical thinking: the teaching and constant emphasis of sound reasoning and problem solving throughout all disciplines and the circular constant learning flow paradigm

11. Professional Ethics: the teaching of ethics; comprehending its importance as the foundation of the profession; an understanding of human conduct; the inculcation of human virtues; and the development and application in core-values statements and code of conduct

The vertical axis reveals the level of offering customers will receive across each of the fundamental factors. The higher the score the more an entity offers a key component to customers. Figure 2 The Homeland Security Disciplinary Matrix

We are Unique Homeland Security University offers a sound, formal education, training and development of the workforce in the homeland security discipline. We explicitly use the homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm in designing comprehensive and integrated programs and curricula. We educate and train using the time tested instructor systems development program used by the US Armed Forces.

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Figure 2 illustrates that Homeland Security University’s value curve is distinct from conventional university education and private security training approaches. Our profile discloses that Homeland Security University excels in ten of the eleven components of the homeland security discipline matrix. Thus, Homeland Security University diverges from its competitors by creating a leap in value for the public and private sectors: We empower your workforce in homeland security. Continually scanning the homeland security environment, Homeland Security University reviews and updates its curricula to reflect significant changes, research, and development. Extensive staff research and evaluation of approximately 800 programs disclosed that these programs shared the same antiquated criminal justice programs and military science programs, which did not address the nascent homeland security profession. They barely scratched the surface in addressing the homeland security disciplinary matrix. Research further revealed that all college and university textbook publishers at the time did not publish textbooks on terrorism and counter-terrorism. These publishers asked us to write the textbooks. We accepted the task and our counter-terrorism experts authored the textbooks. Furthermore, they develop, oversee and instruct the courses. We have fully completed developing all courses and programs. Finally, we established cross-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary foci into our homeland security program. Since homeland security is everyone’s concern, we connect traditional and nontraditional partners from diverse backgrounds. CONCLUSION The devastating terrorist disasters of September, 11, 2001, immediately provided the impetus for the United States to enact the Homeland Security Act of 2002. It is the most extensive reorganization since the National Security Act of 1947. The Homeland Security Act mandated creating the Department of Homeland Security. It combined 22 entities in an integrated effort to establish and sustain a safe and secure homeland, and to protect our way of life. Moreover, the Homeland Security Act produced a nascent industry, which requires the focused and coordinated effort of the federal government, state and local governments, the private sector, and the entire workforce. A paradigm shift in the security profession emerged because of the Homeland Security Act. The new paradigm uses a circular constant learning flow of six components existing within the dual dimensions of proactive and reactive perspectives. Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland



Security University is the “go-to” organization in educating, training, and developing the workforce in homeland security. Still bound to the old security paradigm, most universities and private security services offer amended or slightly modified criminal justice programs or military science courses. We lead the education and training industry by using the new homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm. Homeland Security University empowers your workforce in homeland security.

Homeland Security Paradigm Shift.V3

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