Home Weatherization
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Transcript of Home Weatherization
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ComfortableCost Effective
DurableResponsible
Home Weatherization
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Heating & cooling account for 50 to 70% of total energy used in an average American home.
That number is much higher than it needs to be.
Main problems are inadequate or poorly installed insulation, and air leaks.
Why Worry?
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Heat always tries to move from a warm area to a cold area
Heated air is less dense than cool air so it rises.
Heat travels by three methods:1. Conduction = Passing through a solid
material2. Convection = Passing through a liquid or
gas3. Radiation = Passing from source to object
by waves
First A Little Science
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Insulation is a material that slows down the transfer of heat.
It works by limiting air movement.It creates tiny pockets of dead air.It’s effectiveness is measured by an “R-Value”.The “R” stands for resistance (to heat movement).Good insulators have very low conduction.They can also block convection currents.Some rigid insulation contains gasses that further
prevent heat loss.Foil facings are quite effective at reflecting radiant
heat.
Insulation
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Some Common Forms of Insulation
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Many different materials are available.Fiberglass is the most common.Comes in a variety of widths and thicknesses.May be unfaced, or have a paper or foil
facing.Has a reputation for being installed poorly.It is prone to wind washing (not dense
enough to stop air currents).
Batts or Rolls
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Cellulose is the most common (made from ground up paper that is fire treated)
Others types are available such as fiberglass, cotton, and rock wool.
Normally loose sprayed in attics, but walls may be “wet sprayed”.
Good retro-fit choice for walls and attics.
Blown in Insulation
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Open and closed cell foams are available.Excellent at air sealing.Very good R value per inch.Also adds rigidity to the structure.
Sprayed Foams
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Many thicknesses, sizes, and types available.Most common size is a 4’ X 8’ sheet.Used extensively on exterior walls and
foundations. May be formed in shapes such as pipe wraps
and concrete block forms.Expanded polystyrene (EPS) @ R-4 per inch.Extruded polystyrene (XPS) @ R-5 per inch.Polyisocyanurate (ISO) @ R-6.5 per inch.
Rigid Foams
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A typical home has a multitude of air entry points.
Careful, accurate work will lessen the problem.
Builders use a combination of caulks, adhesives, gaskets, and foams to help seal the structure and all of the penetration points.
Doing this not only saves energy by keeping cold air out, but it also helps to make the insulation more effective by reducing wind-washing.
Sealing air leaks reduces the problems associated with unwanted moisture entering the building envelope.
Air Sealing
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All switches and receptacles on outside wallsAll light fixtures with cold attic space aboveAttic access doorsAll doors to the exteriorAll windowsInterior chimneysVentilation pipingFrame to masonry pointsAll framing edgesBetween floors and walls
Penetration Points
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Moisture in a building leads to greater problemsIt is important to mention here because it can
greatly reduce insulations effectivenessBulk moisture is serious and must be fixed nowMoisture carried by air leaks can cause
condensation, which leads to mold problemsMoisture can even move by diffusion, moving from
greater to lesser concentration through materialsVentilation is very important in controlling excess
moistureControlling indoor humidity is important to keep
moisture problems in check
A Word About Moisture
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The push to tighten up houses has inadvertently led to a host of issues
As these problems occurred, the field of Building Science was spawned
Through study and analysis, we now have a much better understanding of how to build both efficient and healthy
Building Science