Home Automation - 123seminarsonly.com · 2012-03-25 · October 19, 2005 Home Automation, P. M....
Transcript of Home Automation - 123seminarsonly.com · 2012-03-25 · October 19, 2005 Home Automation, P. M....
Home Automation
Peter M. O’Neill
1
Home Automation, P. M. O’Neill 2October 19, 2005
Scope of This TalkIntroduce the why, what, and how of home automation as I take you through what I did on the house I built last year.Things I did not do but
Would recommendWould NOT recommend
Where the technology and business are headed
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Why AutomateCoordinate disparate systems
Logical interactionCentral control & communication
Remote control & reportingSecurity
Coordinate detection & response to threatsEnergy conservation
Tailor consumption to occupancy
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Some Events I ImplementedChristmas lights
On at dusk – not clock timeOff at 10:30pm – not x hours later
Go to bedGarage door down if upAll but porch light off
Smoke alarmFurnace blower offLight escape path
Extreme temperature –reduce ventilator scheduleTrash day message
When leave house:Set back temperatureArm security systemStop hot water recirc.Stop kitchen instant hot waterStop ventilator
Anticipate arrival homeRestore temperatureDriveway light on if dark
At bedtime, redefine light switch for path from office to master bath skipping sleeping wife
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What to AutomateLighting
Coordinated timingScenes
Heating, Ventilating, Air ConditioningTemperature & distribution for occupancySingle program for multiple zones
SecurityTie to lighting
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What Not to AutomateWhat doesn’t make sense to me.
IrrigationSprinkler controller already have highly developed logic & interface for the purposeMaybe add an override from home system
Window coveringsOnly need to move when I’m aroundCan move myself
Kitchen appliancesHave their own timersDon’t need to control remotelyUseful interaction with my refrigerator?Leave it to the Jetsons
Entertainment electronicsGood to coordinate home theater …but don’t need things like TV when I wake or music at dinner time
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Devices in the Today’s HouseLight fixturesHVAC
FurnaceWater heater
Hot water recirc. pumpAir conditionerVentilator
EntertainmentAudioVideo
ConvenienceGarage door operatorKitchen instant hot waterIrrigation valves
Communication & Computation
TelephonePersonal computer
Security sensorsSmokeCOMotion
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These Devices Already Have Controls, Some Organized into (Sub)Systems
ConvenienceRF garage remoteIrrigation controllerTimer
Communication & Computation
PhoneEthernet: wired & RFVideo
SecuritySecurity panel
Light fixturesIndividual timerDimmer
HVACSetback thermostatZone controllerTimer
EntertainmentIR remoteLocal buss
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Observations on ControllabilityHome automation is really about providing a higher level of coordination and communication among devices many of which are already controllableBut some devices are just adding, or haven’t yet added, controllability
Door lockSurveillance cameraGas water heater
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Gaining Access to DevicesSensing
Controller – Provides ADC input interpreted as digital or analogOn/Off
Device - Add relay coil to current path for isolated (floating) contact closure
AnalogDevice – Provide buffered, ground referenced voltage
ActuationOn/Off
Controller – Provides low power dry relay contactsDevice – Add power relay contacts to current path for isolated (floating) contact closure
AnalogController – Provides DAC to force ground-referenced voltageDevice – Buffer & refer output to ground
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Device CommunicationPro Con
Hardwired point-to-point Simple & reliable Prohibitive to retrofit. Lots of wire
Powerline Carrier Uses existing wiring Attenuation, Isolation
X10 Most available devices Varying quality, Slow
Universal Powerline Bus (UPB)
Modern digital. Fast.X10 done right
Cost, Availability (Introduced Spring ’05)
Hardwired serial bus Rock solid. Simple, efficient wiring can even be retrofitted
Nonstandard MAC & higher
LonWorks Extremely versatile No house devices available
RS485/422/232 Availability Only PHY is standard
Radio No signal wire. Easy retrofit
Size. Battery access. Antenna. Interference
Proprietary Availability Compatibility. Quality
Zigbee Standard. Long battery life. Cheap.
Availability started in 2005
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My HouseObjectives:
Right size for a coupleStylish, not ostentatiousDurableEnergy efficient
Size:1,484+1,090=2,574 ft23 bedroomsLiving, Kitchen, Dining, Family, OfficeFull basement2-1/2 car garage
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Lighting ControlMost extensively addressed automation topicAll device communication methods availableAll degrees of controllers
Dedicated Tied to home theater system Integrated with whole house automation
Too expensive for all switches
X10 from Lightolier, Leviton, Lutron, Vantage , X10 Power House
Wireless – Lutron “RadioRA”
UPB from HAI et al
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OnQ Advanced Lighting Control (ALC)Up to 31 addressable load switches on 2-wire serial (RS-485) bus. Relay or dimmer.
Up to 9 auxiliary switches controlling load switch on 3-wire DC bus
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Heat/Cool Control
Damper Rotary SolenoidsZone Controller – Operates dampers & furnace/AC from thermostat inputs
Communicating Thermostat• One stat per zone (floor) – 3 total• Stat talks to zone controller over conventional
7-wire 24 VAC• Automation controller talks to stat via RS-485• Outside temp. sensor displayed on all stats• Fully manual or local program as well
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Heat-Recovery VentilatorAir-to-air heat exchangerIncoming fresh air brought to temp. of exhausted stale airReplaces bathroom fansFreshens whole houseScheduled & on-demand
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Recirculating Hot Water
Draw hot water
from top
Recirc. loop provides hot water immediately at tapHeater has
Sealed combustionInduced draftElectric ignition
Circulation increases standby heat loss so scheduleWant to schedule ignition
Pump
Return cooled water
to bottom
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High Power Control
Automation controller relays only handle low currentUse them to drive higher current or voltage relays in separate boxAdd 24VAC coil supply for 120VAC contact relays
Relays on DIN rail
24VAC xformer
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Sensors for Security & Automation
Photoelectric Smoke Detector
Passive IR & Microwave Motion Detector
Acoustic Glass Break Sensor
Ordering Product
Magnetic Garage Door Switch
Information Literature
Wire
less
W
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w/D
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Recessed Magnetic Window/Door Switch
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Security Devices – ConnectionsSignaling always by “dry” contact closure rated at least 12 VDC
Often both NC & NO providedNC allows supervision
Passive device – 2 wires for contact closureActive device
2 wires for contact closure2 wires for 12 VDC powerTamper switch adds 2 more wires to detect case opening
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Controllers (Computers)Requirements
Highly reliable for:Continuous operationSecurity
Intensive real-world interfaceReal-time event orientation
OptionsPersonal Computer
Unstable OSUnreliable hard diskComputer interfacesGeneral purpose language
Automation ControllerNo hard disk or other moving partsOS & program in FlashLots of I/O
Serial I/O bussesRelay outputsDAC outputsADC inputs
Event programmingLighting PanelSecurity Panel
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HAI Controllers
Input
Output
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HAI Omni II
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Event ProgrammingChristmas lighting12:01 AM 12/20 YEARLY: ChristmasFlg ON12:01 AM 1/2 YEARLY: ChristmasFlg OFFSUNSET MTWTFSS &IF ChristmasFlg ON: Front Outlet ON10:30 PM MTWTFSS &IF ChristmasFlg ON: Front Outlet OFF
Light driveway for arrival on bike20 MINUTES BEFORRE SUNSET MTWTF-- &IF TIME CLOCK 1 ENABLED: Driveway Lit ON6:15 PM MTWTF--: Driveway Lit OFF
Go to bedWHEN ARM NIGHT: ArmedFlg ONWHEN ARM NIGHT: AsleepFlg ONWHEN AsleepFlg ON: RUN SleepTemp5:45 AM MTWTF– &IF AsleepFlg ON: RUN WakeTempWHEN ArmedFlg ON &IF Garage Car NOT READY: Garage Door ON FOR 1 SECONDWHEN SleepTemp: Second Floor HEAT SETPOINT 65WHEN SleepTemp: Main Floor HEAT SETPOINT 63WHEN WakeTemp: Second Floor HEAT SETPOINT 70WHEN WakeTemp: Main Floor HEAT SETPOINT 70
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Human Interfaces
Touch screen
Console - Button
ConsoleSimple buttonsElaborate touch screen
Personal computerProprietary programWeb browser
Program switchDefine function by time or condition
Inside telephone
Program Switch
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External CommunicationTelephone
Assign recorded words to devices, events, statesCall in to check or changeCalls out to report eventCan be hard to understand
WebWeb server built into controllerRequires persistent Internet connectionVery clearPermits video & audio
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Other Communications SystemsTelephone
ExternalIntercom
VideoOutside: cable, terrestrial or satellite ant.Inside: DVD, PVR, media server
Data NetworkComputer EthernetBest way to distribute audio
IR RemotesAll entertainment devices have themCan be repeated, read, synthesized
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Multi-port wall plate
Structured WiringCommunications & control wiring designed to be reconfigured for multiple usesPrimarily star topology emanating from wiring cabinet where external & cross connections made & functions definedRelies on:
Connection blocks & hubs in cabinetConfigurable wall platesCable bundlesConduit
Entertainment connection center
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My System DesignDistributed & hierarchical
Everything can operate normally w/o controllerAll devices have local manual controlEx.: Controller → Thermostat → Zone Cntrl. → Furnace. Zone dampers fail open
Complied to standards where availableQuality décor, no “industrial” lookReliableLighting
12 ALC lights, one 6-way1 PIR switchPLC supplemental
HVACCom. stats in 3 zonesOutside temp. sensorBooster fan/T-stat for officeHRV – schedule & use pt.Recirc. HW – scheduled
Security6 smoke, 1 CO detectors2 water leak sensorsDoor & window switchesInt. & ext. motion detectorsGlass break detectorsInt. & ext. sounders + call out
Control2 consoles + PC control/programTelephone accessKit. instant HW relayGarage door relayDoor chime relay
Structured WiringEvery room – 2 Cat5, 2 RG6
Cat5 – phone, Ethernet, IR remoteRG6 – TV, video, surveillance
Extra bundles to office, living, kitchenEntertainment connection centerAudio only in living & kitchen
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Structured Wiring Cabinet
FrontBack, Stairwell
Wiring Closet
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Cabinet DetailsALC
Interface Board
Omni II Controller
Sensor Inputs
LV Relay Outputs
Ethernet Hub
Telephone Splitter &
Switch
TV Splitter
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Wire!Cat5 UTP – Ethernet,
PhoneRG6 coax – TV, VideoAWG24, 4-conductor –
Security, Slow serial busses
Cable bundles in basement ceiling. Much of this is zip
bundle of 2 Cat5, 2 RG6 coax
Configurable LV wall jacks
Run conduit for the future – optical fiber
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Sources & ReferencesBooks
Most are worthless – what, not howStructured Wiring Design Manual & follow-on
Vendor’s manualsHard to obtain security device manuals
DistributorsSmarthome, Safe-Mart, HomeSecurityStore .comRexel/ColotexHad to use 4 sources for sensorsMany items are rebadged and resold
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Design & Installation TipsThoroughly explore your habits, control logic Run more wire than you think you’ll need. Cat5 has many usesDesign & document in detail before installationUpdate documents as soon as changes madeLabel everything as it is installedInvest in good electrical toolsLong training period before engaging alarm
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Barriers to Wider AdoptionPrice – way higher than comparable consumer electronicsStandardizationVolume manufacturingInformation & training for DYI
Some vendors only work with installersSecurity device manuals restricted by GE & Honeywell oligopoly
Qualified installers to hireTechnology is not a barrier – it’s already here!
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Technology & Commercialization Directions
DriversHome theaterDigital device networkingConsumer comfort with comms & control tech.
Winning TechnologiesHome server computer – always on, quietZigbee std. wireless communicationSerial busses replacing point-to-point
Growing installer baseCEDIA certification
Well established small companiesOnQ, HAI, JDS, Crestron, ELK
Big companies entering or ready to enterMicrosoft, GE, Honeywell, Leviton
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My Wish ListLower pricesSerial bus standard at all network levelsWall switch for multipoint switching
Center off, up momentary on, down momentary onAffordable in Decora style, not $35 Leviton modelOr pulse on, pulse off electronics module
Inline relay: 120VAC load, 12VDC coilSwitchable gas water heater controllerHeat/cool control to outside temperature