Holt Call to Freedom Chapter 7 The American Revolution 1774-1783.

Holt Call to Holt Call to FreedomFreedomChapter 7Chapter 7

The American The American Revolution Revolution 1774-17831774-1783

7.1 The Revolution Begins7.1 The Revolution Begins

Objectives:Objectives:

o Describe the actions taken by the Describe the actions taken by the First Continental Congress.First Continental Congress.

o Evaluate how the fighting at Evaluate how the fighting at Lexington and Concord affected the Lexington and Concord affected the colonies’ conflict with Great Britain.colonies’ conflict with Great Britain.

o Analyze the accomplishments of the Analyze the accomplishments of the Second Continental Congress.Second Continental Congress.

o Explain the ways that geography Explain the ways that geography influenced the early battles of the influenced the early battles of the war.war.

© Holt Call to Freedom Lecture Notes 2

I. The First Continental I. The First Continental CongressCongress


A. A Meeting in PhiladelphiaA. A Meeting in Philadelphia

1.1. The The First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress met in September 1774 to met in September 1774 to discuss the Intolerable Acts.discuss the Intolerable Acts.

2.2. Included 56 delegates, from Included 56 delegates, from every colony except Georgiaevery colony except Georgia


Source: http://www.jjc.edu/North/Spotlight/Spotlight%20Newsletters/first_continental.jpg

B. DebatesB. Debates

1.1. John Dickinson called for peace John Dickinson called for peace with Britain.with Britain.

2.2. Patrick Henry argued that war Patrick Henry argued that war was inevitable.was inevitable.

3.3. Delegates decided to continue Delegates decided to continue to boycott British goods and to to boycott British goods and to warn colonial militias to warn colonial militias to prepare.prepare.


Source: http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/dickinson.htmSource: http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/henry.htm

B. DebatesB. Debates

4.4. Sent a Declaration of Rights to Sent a Declaration of Rights to King George III listing freedoms King George III listing freedoms they demandedthey demanded

5.5. Agreed to meet in May 1775 if Agreed to meet in May 1775 if king did not support their king did not support their demandsdemands


Source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgeorgeIII.htm

II. The “Shot Heard round the II. The “Shot Heard round the World”World”


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/lexington_and_concord.htm

The Shot Heard ‘Round the World

The Shot Heard ‘Round the World

A. High TensionsA. High Tensions

1.1. Boston militia members called Boston militia members called themselves themselves minutemenminutemen because because they could fight on a minute’s they could fight on a minute’s notice.notice.

2.2. British general British general Thomas GageThomas Gage decided to take the militia’s decided to take the militia’s weapons, which were stored in weapons, which were stored in the town of Concord.the town of Concord.


Source: http://44thregiment.itgo.com/famous.html

A. High TensionsA. High Tensions

3.3. On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and another man raced on and another man raced on horses to warn minutemen of horses to warn minutemen of the British troop movements.the British troop movements.


The Old North Church

This church had the 1st set of bells

brought to America. Paul

Revere was one of the neighborhood

bell ringers.

Steeple of The Old North

Church

This is where Robert Newman

signaled with lanterns the approach of

British Regulars.

One if by Land, Two if by Sea

B. BloodshedB. Bloodshed

1.1.Minutemen gathered at Minutemen gathered at Lexington, near Concord.Lexington, near Concord.

2.2.Shots were exchanged, and Shots were exchanged, and British continued march to British continued march to Concord.Concord.


B. BloodshedB. Bloodshed

3.3.Colonists had hidden Colonists had hidden weapons, so few were weapons, so few were found.found.

4.4.As the British returned to As the British returned to Boston, colonists killed Boston, colonists killed many Redcoats, the many Redcoats, the colonists’ name for the colonists’ name for the soldiers.soldiers.


Paul Revere’s House 1770-1800This is where he lived when he made the famous

midnight ride on April 18, 1775

Statue of Paul Revere

Located in front of The Old North

Church

III. The Second Continental III. The Second Continental CongressCongress


Source: http://russell.gresham.k12.or.us/Colonial_America/Continental_Congress.html

The Second Continental Congress voting independence.Picture courtesy of The National Archives NAIL database.

A. The MeetingA. The Meeting

1.1. Delegates to the Second Delegates to the Second Continental Congress met in Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.Philadelphia in May 1775.

2.2. Decided not to break away from Decided not to break away from Great BritainGreat Britain

3.3. Created a Created a Continental ArmyContinental Army to to defend the coloniesdefend the colonies

4.4. Selected Selected George WashingtonGeorge Washington as as commandercommander


Source: http://www.alaskacoinexchange.com/Stamps%2010.htm

Stamps issued to honor the

continental army of the American

Revolution

Source: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/RevWar/ss/p062.jpg

B. A Peace OfferingB. A Peace Offering

1.1. Sent Sent Olive Branch Petition,Olive Branch Petition, a a peace offer, to King George IIIpeace offer, to King George III

2.2. King George III rejected the King George III rejected the proposal.proposal.


IV. Early BattlesIV. Early Battles



A.A.Minutemen held Boston under Minutemen held Boston under siege siege – a situation in which – a situation in which soldiers surround a city or fort.soldiers surround a city or fort.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/siege_of_boston.htm

SiegeOf

Boston


B.B.Colonial forces gathered on Colonial forces gathered on Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill to Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill to fend off a British attack.fend off a British attack.


Source: http://www.batalistykajestok.pop.e-wro.pl/img/bukerhill4.jpg


C.C. British win the British win the Battle of Bunker Battle of Bunker Hill, but they suffer many more Hill, but they suffer many more casualties than the Americans.casualties than the Americans.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/bunker_hill_first_attack.htm

http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/bunker_hill_second_attack.htm

http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/bunker_hill_final_attack.htm

7.2 Declaring Independence7.2 Declaring Independence


oEvaluate the influence of Thomas Evaluate the influence of Thomas Paine’s Paine’s Common SenseCommon Sense on the on the colonies.colonies.

o Identify the main ideas stated in Identify the main ideas stated in the Declaration of Independence.the Declaration of Independence.

oExplain Americans’ reactions to Explain Americans’ reactions to the Declaration of Independence.the Declaration of Independence.


I. Paine’s I. Paine’s Common SenseCommon Sense


A. BiographyA. Biography

1.1. Thomas PaineThomas Paine was a self- was a self-educated British Quaker.educated British Quaker.

2.2. Published the pamphlet Published the pamphlet Common SenseCommon Sense in 1776. in 1776.

3.3. It was popular because it was It was popular because it was written so that common people written so that common people could understand it.could understand it.


Source: http://www.ctssar.org/patriots/thomas_paine.htm

B. His IdeasB. His Ideas

1.1. The people, not monarchs, The people, not monarchs, should make laws.should make laws.

2.2. The British colonies should The British colonies should demand independence.demand independence.

3.3. Influenced many colonists, who Influenced many colonists, who came to agree with Paine’s came to agree with Paine’s ideas.ideas.


II. Declaring IndependenceII. Declaring Independence


A. The CommitteeA. The Committee

1.1. The Second Continental The Second Continental Congress created a committee Congress created a committee to write a document that to write a document that declared the colonies declared the colonies independent from Britain.independent from Britain.

2.2. Committee members included Committee members included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and and Thomas Jefferson,Thomas Jefferson, who was who was the main author.the main author.


Source: http://www.jimpoz.com/quotes/speaker.php?speakerid=7

B. Three Main Ideas of the B. Three Main Ideas of the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

1.1. All men possess All men possess unalienable unalienable rights,rights, such as the rights to such as the rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit “life, liberty, and the pursuit happiness.”happiness.”

2.2. King George III had violated the King George III had violated the colonists’ rights.colonists’ rights.

3.3. The colonies had the right to The colonies had the right to break away from Great Britain.break away from Great Britain.


III. Choosing SidesIII. Choosing Sides


III. Choosing SidesIII. Choosing Sides

A.A.Colonists who supported Colonists who supported independence were called independence were called Patriots.Patriots.


B. LoyalistsB. Loyalists

1.1. Colonists who remained loyal to Colonists who remained loyal to Britain were called Britain were called Loyalists,Loyalists, or or Tories.Tories.

2.2. More than 100,000 Loyalists More than 100,000 Loyalists left the colonies during the left the colonies during the Revolution.Revolution.


IV. Other Reactions to the IV. Other Reactions to the DeclarationDeclaration


A. WomenA. Women

1.1. Many women were Patriots.Many women were Patriots.

2.2. The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence made no mention Independence made no mention of women or their rights.of women or their rights.

3.3. Abigail Adams,Abigail Adams, wife of John wife of John Adams, asked her husband to Adams, asked her husband to include women in the laws for include women in the laws for the new nation.the new nation.


Source: http://samson.kean.edu/~leew/arrt/chair/abigail-adams.jpg

B. African AmericansB. African Americans

1.1.The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence did not Independence did not address the issue of slavery.address the issue of slavery.

2.2.The Revolution raised The Revolution raised questions about slavery in a questions about slavery in a nation devoted to liberty.nation devoted to liberty.


B. African AmericansB. African Americans

3.3.Massachusetts abolished Massachusetts abolished slavery in 1783; rest of New slavery in 1783; rest of New England did so by 1784.England did so by 1784.

4.4.The issue of slavery The issue of slavery remained unresolved.remained unresolved.


7.3 Dark Hours for the 7.3 Dark Hours for the RevolutionRevolution


oExamine the Patriots’ advantages Examine the Patriots’ advantages and disadvantages at the and disadvantages at the beginning of the Revolutionary beginning of the Revolutionary War.War.

oExplore the contributions that Explore the contributions that various groups made to the war various groups made to the war effort.effort.

oDescribe the problems the Patriots Describe the problems the Patriots faced in Canada and New York.faced in Canada and New York.


I. Comparing Strengths and I. Comparing Strengths and WeaknessesWeaknesses


A. Great Britain’s AdvantagesA. Great Britain’s Advantages

1.1. More money and resources than More money and resources than the coloniesthe colonies

2.2. Well-trained army and largest Well-trained army and largest navy in the world; colonies had navy in the world; colonies had poorly-trained militias and no poorly-trained militias and no navy at all.navy at all.


B. The Colonies’ AdvantagesB. The Colonies’ Advantages

1.1. Many Americans supported the Many Americans supported the revolutionary cause.revolutionary cause.

2.2. Fighting on home ground; Fighting on home ground; Britain had to ship supplies Britain had to ship supplies across the Atlanticacross the Atlantic

3.3. Fighting for a cause in which Fighting for a cause in which they believed; Britain’s army they believed; Britain’s army included some included some mercenaries,mercenaries, or or hired foreign soldiers, not hired foreign soldiers, not dedicated to the British causededicated to the British cause


II. A Call to ArmsII. A Call to Arms


A. American SoldiersA. American Soldiers

1.1. More than 230,000 soldiers More than 230,000 soldiers served in the Continental Army served in the Continental Army during the war.during the war.

2.2. Some 145,000 American Some 145,000 American volunteers served in local volunteers served in local militias.militias.


B. African Americans at WarB. African Americans at War

1.1. Because of southern opposition, Because of southern opposition, General Washington initially General Washington initially banned African Americans from banned African Americans from joining the Continental Army.joining the Continental Army.

2.2. In 1775 Lord Dunmore, In 1775 Lord Dunmore, governor of Virginia, issued governor of Virginia, issued Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation,Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation, promising freedom to any slave promising freedom to any slave who fought for the British.who fought for the British.


Source: http://collections.ic.gc.ca/blackloyalists/documents/official/dunmore.htm

Source: http://www.resnet.wm.edu/~lkbutt/lorddunmore.JPG

B. African Americans at WarB. African Americans at War

3.3. The Continental Army then The Continental Army then allowed free African Americans allowed free African Americans to enlist; some 5,000 African to enlist; some 5,000 African Americans went on to serve in Americans went on to serve in the army.the army.


III. Other Sources of HelpIII. Other Sources of Help


A. American IndiansA. American Indians

1.1. Mohawk leader Mohawk leader Thayendanegea,Thayendanegea, also known as Joseph Brant, also known as Joseph Brant, allied with the British and allied with the British and persuaded many Iroquois to persuaded many Iroquois to join him.join him.

2.2. Patriots worked to keep Patriots worked to keep American Indians neutral.American Indians neutral.


Source: http://earlyamerica.com/review/1998/brant.html

ThayendanegeaMohawk Chief

B. WomenB. Women

1.1.Women ran farms and Women ran farms and businesses while men businesses while men fought.fought.

2.2.Some women raised money Some women raised money for supplies or sewed for supplies or sewed uniforms.uniforms.

3.3.Others served as Others served as messengers, nurses, or messengers, nurses, or spies.spies.


B. WomenB. Women

4.4.Mary Ludwig Hays, known Mary Ludwig Hays, known asas Molly PitcherMolly Pitcher because because she brought water to Patriot she brought water to Patriot troops, and took her troops, and took her wounded husband’s place wounded husband’s place loading cannons.loading cannons.


Source: http://www.cbsd.org/pennsylvaniapeople/

IV. British VictoriesIV. British Victories


A. CanadaA. Canada

1.1. Patriots captured St. John’s and Patriots captured St. John’s and Montreal.Montreal.

2.2. British then won a major victory British then won a major victory when Patriots attacked Quebec.when Patriots attacked Quebec.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/invasion_canada.htm

B. New YorkB. New York

1.1. British force, led by General British force, led by General William Howe, drove Patriots William Howe, drove Patriots off of Long Island.off of Long Island.

2.2. After retreating over several After retreating over several months, Continental Army months, Continental Army abandoned New York.abandoned New York.


http://www.americanrevwar.homestead.com/files/HOWE.HTM

http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/battle_long_island.htm

7.4 The Patriots Gain New Hope7.4 The Patriots Gain New Hope


oAnalyze Washington’s strategies Analyze Washington’s strategies at Trenton and Princeton.at Trenton and Princeton.

oDiscuss the Battle of Saratoga as Discuss the Battle of Saratoga as a turning point in the war.a turning point in the war.

o Identify the foreign nations and Identify the foreign nations and individuals aided the Patriots.individuals aided the Patriots.

oDescribe how the Patriots Describe how the Patriots carried out the naval war.carried out the naval war.


I. Victory in New JerseyI. Victory in New Jersey


A. TrentonA. Trenton

1.1.British general Howe sent British general Howe sent Hessian mercenaries to take Hessian mercenaries to take New Jersey.New Jersey.

2.2.On Christmas night in 1776, On Christmas night in 1776, General Washington and General Washington and 2,400 Patriots crossed the 2,400 Patriots crossed the icy Delaware River.icy Delaware River.


Source: http://www.britishbattles.com/battle-trenton.htm

General George Washington crossing the Delaware at the Battle of Trenton on Christmas night 1776 by Emmanuel Leutze

A. TrentonA. Trenton

3.3.Washington led a surprise Washington led a surprise attack on the Hessians the attack on the Hessians the next morning.next morning.

4.4.Patriots won the Patriots won the Battle of Battle of TrentonTrenton in less than an in less than an hour.hour.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/battle_trenton.htm

B. PrincetonB. Princeton

1.1. Patriots then marched Patriots then marched northeast to Princeton, New northeast to Princeton, New Jersey.Jersey.

2.2. Defeated the British at the Defeated the British at the Battle of Princeton, on January Battle of Princeton, on January 3, 17773, 1777


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/battle_princeton.htm

II. Turning Point at SaratogaII. Turning Point at Saratoga


A. British Strategy for New A. British Strategy for New EnglandEngland

1.1.General General John BurgoyneJohn Burgoyne was was to attack Fort Ticonderoga to attack Fort Ticonderoga and then march south.and then march south.

2.2.A second force was to march A second force was to march east from Lake Ontario.east from Lake Ontario.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/capture_ticonderoga.htm

http://www.patriotresource.com/people/burgoyne.html

A. British Strategy for New A. British Strategy for New EnglandEngland

3.3.General Howe’s troops were General Howe’s troops were to march north from New to march north from New York City.York City.

4.4.All three forces were to All three forces were to meet at Albany, New York.meet at Albany, New York.


II. Turning Point at SaratogaII. Turning Point at Saratoga

B.B.Howe defeated the Continental Howe defeated the Continental Army at the Army at the Battle of Battle of Brandywine Creek.Brandywine Creek.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/battle_brandywine.htm

C. SaratogaC. Saratoga

1.1. Burgoyne’s troops reached Burgoyne’s troops reached Albany before other British Albany before other British forces did.forces did.

2.2. As a result, Patriot forces As a result, Patriot forces outnumbered Burgoyne’s and outnumbered Burgoyne’s and won won Battle of Saratoga.Battle of Saratoga.

3.3. Victory raised colonial morale Victory raised colonial morale and increased foreign support and increased foreign support for the Revolution.for the Revolution.


Source: http://go.hrw.com/ndNSAPI.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20Saratoga

III. Foreign AlliesIII. Foreign Allies


A. France and SpainA. France and Spain

1.1.Victory at Saratoga Victory at Saratoga convinced France that the convinced France that the Americans could win the Americans could win the war.war.

2.2.In 1778 the Continental In 1778 the Continental Congress approved an Congress approved an alliance with France.alliance with France.


A. France and SpainA. France and Spain

3.3.Spain joined the war against Spain joined the war against Britain in 1779.Britain in 1779.

4.4.Bernardo de GBernardo de Gáálvez,lvez, governor of Spanish governor of Spanish Louisiana, was a key Patriot Louisiana, was a key Patriot ally.ally.


Source: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/bernardo-galvez.htm

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/colonial/galvez.gif

B. IndividualsB. Individuals

1.1. Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette of France of France fought with the Patriots and fought with the Patriots and gave them money.gave them money.

2.2. Officers from Poland provided Officers from Poland provided military training and skills.military training and skills.


Source: http://earlyamerica.com/portraits/lafayett.html

IV. Winter at Valley ForgeIV. Winter at Valley Forge


IV. Winter at Valley ForgeIV. Winter at Valley Forge

A.A.Continental Army spent the Continental Army spent the winter of 1777-8 at Valley winter of 1777-8 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.Forge, Pennsylvania.


Source: http://www.soul.org/Washington.html

B. HardshipsB. Hardships

1.1.More than one fifth of the More than one fifth of the Continental soldiers died of Continental soldiers died of disease and malnutrition.disease and malnutrition.

2.2.Some soldiers became angry Some soldiers became angry and frustrated with the lack and frustrated with the lack of supplies and pay.of supplies and pay.


B. HardshipsB. Hardships

3.3.Veteran Prussian officer Veteran Prussian officer Baron Baron Friedrich von SteubenFriedrich von Steuben drilled the Continental drilled the Continental soldiers and helped turn soldiers and helped turn them into a well-trained them into a well-trained group.group.


Source: http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/revgfx/vonsteuben.jpg

V. The War at SeaV. The War at Sea


A. Continental NavyA. Continental Navy

1.1.Created by Continental Created by Continental Congress in 1775Congress in 1775

2.2.Because of navy’s small Because of navy’s small size, Patriot ships attacked size, Patriot ships attacked individual British vessels individual British vessels instead of fighting large instead of fighting large battles.battles.


B. A Successful CaptainB. A Successful Captain

1.1. John Paul Jones,John Paul Jones, originally from originally from Scotland, captured many British Scotland, captured many British supply ships.supply ships.

2.2. Won a major victory against the Won a major victory against the British warship British warship SerapisSerapis in 1779 in 1779


Source: http://www.congressionalgoldmedal.com/JohnPaulJones.gif

7.5 Independence!7.5 Independence!


oExplain the ways that geography Explain the ways that geography affected the Patriot strategy in affected the Patriot strategy in the West.the West.

oDescribe how the war took place Describe how the war took place in the southern colonies.in the southern colonies.

oExamine the events that finally Examine the events that finally ended the war.ended the war.


I. The War in the WestI. The War in the West


A. BiographyA. Biography

1.1.George Rogers ClarkGeorge Rogers Clark was a was a Virginian who had explored Virginian who had explored the frontier.the frontier.

2.2.Gathered soldiers from Gathered soldiers from small towns, built an army, small towns, built an army, and attacked forts and and attacked forts and townstowns


Source: http://www.nps.gov/gero/clark.htm

B. KaskaskiaB. Kaskaskia

1.1.British trading village British trading village located along the located along the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

2.2.Trading post enabled the Trading post enabled the British to maintain relations British to maintain relations with American Indians, with American Indians, control the Mississippi and control the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and supply Ohio Rivers, and supply British soldiers in Detroit.British soldiers in Detroit.


Source: http://www.egyptianaaa.org/SI-MapOfClark.htm

B. KaskaskiaB. Kaskaskia

3.3.Clark’s troops took Clark’s troops took Kaskaskia in a surprise Kaskaskia in a surprise attack.attack.


C. More SuccessC. More Success

1.1. Clark convinced some American Clark convinced some American Indians to remain temporarily Indians to remain temporarily neutral.neutral.

2.2. Won the Won the Battle of Vincennes Battle of Vincennes in in February 1779February 1779

3.3. Never captured Fort Detroit but Never captured Fort Detroit but weakened the British war effort weakened the British war effort in the westin the west


Source: http://www.americanrevolution.com/vincennes.jpg

“George Rogers Clark and The Battle of Vincennes“ February 23, 1779

II. The War in the SouthII. The War in the South


A. British StrategyA. British Strategy

1.1.Focused on southern Focused on southern colonies after defeat in the colonies after defeat in the Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga

2.2.Freed slaves, who then Freed slaves, who then assisted the British war assisted the British war efforteffort


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/south_1780.htm

B. British VictoriesB. British Victories

1.1.Captured port cities of Captured port cities of Savannah, Georgia, and Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South CarolinaCharleston, South Carolina

2.2.Defeated Patriot forces led Defeated Patriot forces led by by Horatio GatesHoratio Gates at at Camden, South CarolinaCamden, South Carolina

3.3.British victory at Camden British victory at Camden destroyed the Patriots’ destroyed the Patriots’ southern army.southern army.


Source: http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~wcarr1/Lossing1/49-16.gif

C. Patriots Fight BackC. Patriots Fight Back

1.1. Patriots switched toPatriots switched to guerrilla guerrilla warfare warfare – swift, hit-and-run – swift, hit-and-run tactics.tactics.

2.2. Francis Marion,Francis Marion, known as the known as the Swamp Fox and a master of Swamp Fox and a master of guerrilla warfare, led a group of guerrilla warfare, led a group of soldiers that attacked British soldiers that attacked British communications and supply communications and supply lines.lines.


Source: http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/pershing/revolution/images/1marion.jpg

III. Victory at YorktownIII. Victory at Yorktown


A. Difficult TimesA. Difficult Times

1.1.By 1781 the Patriots had By 1781 the Patriots had run low on money to pay run low on money to pay soldiers and buy supplies.soldiers and buy supplies.

2.2.Entry of foreign allies had Entry of foreign allies had not ended the war quickly, not ended the war quickly, as the Patriots had hoped.as the Patriots had hoped.


A. Difficult TimesA. Difficult Times

3.3.Patriots lost morale when Patriots lost morale when Benedict Arnold, a gifted Benedict Arnold, a gifted officer, turned traitor.officer, turned traitor.

4.4.British controlled most of British controlled most of the south.the south.


Source: http://www.americanrevolution.com/TreasonofBenedictArnold.jpg

B. YorktownB. Yorktown

1.1.Lies on peninsula in VirginiaLies on peninsula in Virginia

2.2.British general Charles British general Charles Cornwallis moved to Yorktown Cornwallis moved to Yorktown to attack a Patriot force.to attack a Patriot force.

3.3.In New York, General George In New York, General George Washington and French Washington and French general general Comte de Comte de RochambeauRochambeau planned a planned a strategy to trap Cornwallis.strategy to trap Cornwallis.


Source: http://www.thebattlefornewyork.com/images/rochambeau-l.gif

C. The BattleC. The Battle

1.1. French fleet took control of French fleet took control of Chesapeake Bay, which Chesapeake Bay, which prevented Cornwallis from prevented Cornwallis from receiving reinforcements by receiving reinforcements by sea.sea.

2.2. Combined American-French Combined American-French force, which was more than force, which was more than twice the size of Cornwallis’ twice the size of Cornwallis’ forces, surrounded Cornwallis forces, surrounded Cornwallis and put his forces under siege.and put his forces under siege.


C. The BattleC. The Battle

3.3. After several weeks, After several weeks, Battle of Battle of YorktownYorktown ended with ended with Cornwallis’ surrender.Cornwallis’ surrender.

4.4. British defeat at Yorktown on British defeat at Yorktown on October 20, 1781, marked the October 20, 1781, marked the war’s end.war’s end.


http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american%20revolution/american%20revolution%20pages/siege_yorktown.htm

IV. The Treaty of ParisIV. The Treaty of Paris



A.A.Peace negotiations, which Peace negotiations, which began in June 1781, lasted began in June 1781, lasted more than two yearsmore than two years



B.B.Treaty of Paris of 1783Treaty of Paris of 1783 recognized the recognized the independence of the United independence of the United States, set borders for the States, set borders for the new nation, and resolved new nation, and resolved some trade and settlement some trade and settlement issues.issues.


http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc_large_image.php?flash=true&doc=6

Treaty of Paris

Holt Call to Freedom Chapter 7 The American Revolution 1774-1783.

Documents

Transcript of Holt Call to Freedom Chapter 7 The American Revolution 1774-1783.