Holography - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/holography.pdf · • Dennis Gabor (1948, 1949,...
Transcript of Holography - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/holography.pdf · • Dennis Gabor (1948, 1949,...
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HolographyHolography
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• Dennis Gabor (1948, 1949, 1951) ••• Nobel Prize in Physics (1971)
holography
“whole recording”
- On-axis hologram
• E. N. Leith and J. Upatnieks (1962, 1963)
- Off-axis hologram
• Y. N. Denisyuk (1962, 1963, 1965)
HolographyHolography
Reference : http://oeqelab.snu.ac.kr
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Recording Amplitude and PhaseRecording Amplitude and Phase
Object Beam
( ) ( ) ( )[ ]yxjyxayxa ,exp,, φ−=
Reference Beam
( ) ( ) ( )[ ]yxjyxAyxA ,exp,, ψ−=
Interference
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )[ ]yxyxyxayxAyxayxAyxI ,,cos,,2,,, 22 φψ −++=
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Reconstruction of wavefrontReconstruction of wavefront
( ) ( )yxIyxtA ,, ∝ ( ) ( )∗∗ +++= AaaAatyxt bA2', β
( ),, of beam (probe) reading For the yxB
( ) ( ) 4321''', , UUUUABaBaABaaBtyxtyxB bA +++=+++= ∗∗∗ βββ
AB =For
∗= ABFor
( ) ( )yxaAyxU ,', 23 β=
( ) ( )yxaAyxU ,', 24
∗= β
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Original Referencing & Conjugate ReferencingOriginal Referencing & Conjugate Referencing
AB =For
∗= ABFor
( ) ( )yxaAyxU ,', 23 β=
( ) ( )yxaAyxU ,', 24
∗= β
Virtual image
real image
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Image Formation by HolographyImage Formation by Holography
( ) ( )
−+−+ 2
02
0200 ˆˆexp yyxxzjka :
image Virtual
( ) ( )
−+−+−∗ 2
02
0200 ˆˆexp yyxxzjka :
image Real
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GaborGabor Hologram : onHologram : on--axisaxis
( ) ( )2,, yxaAyxI +=
( ) ( ) ( )yxAayxaAyxaA ,,, 22 ∗∗ +++=
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LeithLeith--UpatnieksUpatnieks Hologram : offHologram : off--axisaxis
( ) ( ) ( )yxayjAyxU ,2exp, +−= παλθα 2sin
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )yjyxAayjyxaAyxaAyxI παπα 2exp,2exp,,, 22 −+++= ∗∗
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LeithLeith--UpatnieksUpatnieks HologramHologram
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) yjx,yBAa Ux,yaBU
yjx,yaBA U B tU b
παββ
παβ
2exp''
2exp'
42
2
31
−==
==∗
∗
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Requirement of Reference Beam AngleRequirement of Reference Beam Angle
( )λθ B3sin2 1min
−=
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Holography of 3D Scenes (I)Holography of 3D Scenes (I)
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Holography of 3D Scenes (II)Holography of 3D Scenes (II)
(a)
(b)
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Parallax in HologramsParallax in Holograms
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Image LocationImage Location
1
01
2
1
21−
±=
zzzz
rpi λ
λλλ
m
pp
ir
iii x
zzx
zzx
zzx +±=
01
20
01
2
λλ
λλ
m
pp
ir
iii y
zzy
zzy
zzy +±=
01
20
01
2
λλ
λλ
m
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Image MagnificationImage Magnification
Transverse Magnification
Axial Magnification
1
2
010
01
2
00
1−
−==∂∂
=∂∂
=pr
iiit z
zzz
zz
yy
xxM
λλ
λλ
m
2
2
1
1
01
2
1
2
00
1t
rp
ia M
zzzzzzM
λλ
λλ
λλ
=
±
∂∂
=∂∂
=−
m
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Fourier Hologram (I)Fourier Hologram (I)
(a)
(b)
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Fourier Hologram (II)Fourier Hologram (II)
Lensless Fourier hologram
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Image HologramImage Hologram
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FraunhoferFraunhofer HologramHologram
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OrthoscopicOrthoscopic and and PseudoscopicPseudoscopic ImagesImages
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Transmission and Reflection Holograms (I)Transmission and Reflection Holograms (I)
• Reflection hologram
(a)
(b)
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Transmission and Reflection Holograms (II)Transmission and Reflection Holograms (II)
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Maximum Theoretical Diffraction EfficiencyMaximum Theoretical Diffraction Efficiency
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Holographic StereogramHolographic Stereogram
(a) (b)
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Rainbow Hologram (I)Rainbow Hologram (I)
(a)
(b)
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Rainbow Hologram (II)Rainbow Hologram (II)
(b)(a)
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Multiplex HologramMultiplex Hologram
(a)
(b)
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Holographic Materials (I)Holographic Materials (I)
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Holographic Materials (II)Holographic Materials (II)
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ColorColor
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Color HolographyColor Holography
CIE Chromaticity diagram
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Incoherent HolographyIncoherent Holography
1
21 f
fM −=
2
12 f
fM −=
( ) ( )
+= 22
0 exp, yxz
jUyxUa λπ
( )
+
+
+
=
2
2
2
22
2
1
2
11 expexp,
My
Mx
zjU
My
Mx
zjUyxUb λ
πλπ
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ComputerComputer--Generated Hologram (CGH)Generated Hologram (CGH)
Special film,
Special treatmentContinuous
Bleached photo on triple-emulsion film
ROACH
Phase only,
Special film treatment
Plot- continuous Final result-transparent
Bleached photo of plotter output
Kinoform
Phase onlyBinaryCRT displaySynthetic interferogram
Fourier hologramContinuousCRT displayDelay sampling
Both phase and amplitude are quantized
BinaryPlotter outputDetour phase
Limited number of pointsContinuousMulti-exposure photoSuperimposed FZP
CommentsGray levelsPreparationType
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DetourDetour--Phase Hologram (I)Phase Hologram (I)
( ) ( )∑ ∑−
=
−
=
∆+∆=
1
0
1
0
2exp,X Y
pq
N
p
N
q
jpqf yqxup
fjeauU υλπυ φ
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DetourDetour--Phase Hologram (II)Phase Hologram (II)
(a)
(b)
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KinoformKinoform
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InterferometryInterferometry
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DoubleDouble--Exposure Holographic Exposure Holographic InterferometryInterferometry
(b)
(a)
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Contour GenerationContour Generation
(a) (b)
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Vibration AnalysisVibration Analysis
(a) (b)
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Electronic Speckle Pattern Electronic Speckle Pattern InterferometryInterferometry (I)(I)
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ESPI (II)ESPI (II)
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Aberration CompensationAberration Compensation
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Artificial Neural NetworksArtificial Neural Networks
(b)(a)
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Holographic data storageHolographic data storage
From Lucent
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Holographic data storageHolographic data storage
From Lucent