Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology 12 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Human A&P Copyright ©...
-
date post
21-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology 12 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Human A&P Copyright ©...
Hole’s Human Anatomyand Physiology 12th Edition
Chapter 1Introduction to Human A&P
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-1
Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy vs Physiology-define each term- why combine into a single course?
Explain: “Structure follows Function”
1-3
Subatomic particles
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 1.3
Levels of Organization
1-5
Characteristics of Life Organ Systems•Movement
•Responsiveness
•Growth
•Reproduction
•Respiration
•Digestion
•Absorption
•Assimilation
•Circulation
•Excretion
1-6
Which organ system(s) contribute to each of the characteristics listed on the left?
Organ Systems Are Inter -related
Respiratorysystem
Cardiovascularsystem
Digestivesystem
Blood
Internalenvironment
Externalenvironment
Organic waste,excess salts, water
Unabsorbedmatter
Nutrients,salts, water
Cell Extracellularfluid
O2 in
Urinarysystem
CO2 out
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 1.5
Requirements of Organisms Water: most abundant substance in body
metabolism transport regulates body temperature
Foodenergybuilding blocks
Oxygen - ~20% of airreleases energy from nutrients
Heat helps control rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure atmospheric pressure – breathinghydrostatic pressure – blood flow 1-8
Homeostasis
External environment – keeps changingInternal environment - remains stable. How?
Body has “Homeostatic Mechanisms”
Imagine one day is very cold out, while the next day is very hot.
What effect does that have on your body temperature?
Homeostasic Mechanisms
– monitor internal environment- corrects changes
3 Components of Homeostatic Mechanisms:•receptors
• function?•control center
•tells what a particular value should be•effectors
• function?
Types of Regulation negative feedback
most common! ex. maintaining body temperature;
release of most hormones, etc.
positive feedback blood clotting labor
Control CenterHypothalamus
Thermo-receptors
Example of Homeostasis – Control of Body Temperature
What temperature does your body try to maintain?
What changes occur when your body temperature is:- too high? - too low?
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200092.htm
Body Cavities
1-12
Frontal sinuses
Orbital cavities
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Cranial cavity
Sphenoidal sinus
Middle ear cavity
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 1.10
Body Membranes serous membranes
lines organ surfaces in thoracic and abdominal cavities
thin, watery secretions reduces friction
mucous membrane lines hollow organs that lead to exterior of body
(ex. GI, respiratory, genito-urinary) thick secretions protective
4 Serous MembranesThoracic Membranes
• (1 & 2) pleura = one around each lung• (3) pericardium
•Each serous membrane composed of 2 layers:•visceral layer – directly covers an organ•parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall
•small cavity between layers is filled with serous fluid•http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/classware/ala.do?isbn=0072829532&alaid=ala_728113&showSelfStudyTree=true
Abdominopelvic Membranes• (4) peritoneum
1-13
Fig. 1.20aSuperior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral
Midline
Right Left
Proximal
Distal
Proximal
Distal
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Anterior
(Ventral)
Posterior
(Dorsal)
Righthypochondriacregion
Rightlumbarregion
Rightiliacregion
Epigastricregion
Umbilicalregion
Hypogastricregion
Lefthypochondriacregion
Leftlumbarregion
Leftiliacregion
(a)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Right upperquadrant (RUQ)
Left upperquadrant (LUQ)
Right lowerquadrant (RLQ)
Left lowerquadrant (LLQ)