Hösle_article_from_religion_and_literature

7/28/2019 Hsle_article_from_religion_and_literature

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R&L38.4 (Wintr 2006)

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For itr Ariana who twnt ar ago in Nap rg to ra

th Italienisce Reise

Aong Goth atobiographia writing, th Italienisce Reise (ItalianJourney) ar ha a piar poition. Th work or, to b pri, it twort vo o 1816 an 1817 o not iv ro th tnion btwn r-bring I an rbr I that haratri ot atobiographi,an aong th rtainDictung und Wareit(Poetry and Trut), Campagnein Frankreic 1792 (Campaign in France 1792) anBelagerung von Mainz (Siegeo Mainz) a w a th athtia intrtingTag- und Jaresete alsErgnzung meiner sonstigen Bekenntnisse, th o-aAnnalen (Annals). W o not an athor tring to rontrt xprin that orr a ago

an rovring th ro obivion. On th ontrar, w har th iiatxprion o tho xprin, a th work seemsto onit o ttr aniar ntri ro th ti it rib. Bt th apparan i ptiv.

On in th thir vo o 1829 Zweiter Rmiscer Auentalt vom Juni 1787bis April 1788 (Te Second Sojourn in Rome: June 1787April 1788) Gothobin th two or o atobiographia writing: Th part with th titKorrespondenz(Correspondence), whih ontain rat ttr, ar oow inah onth (with th xption o Jn) b part aBerict(Report), inwhih th (aot) otognarian Goth hi pak.1 H rthror

in into thi at vo itt a, a thNactrag: Ppstlice Teppice

Vittorio H

RelIGION OF ART, selF-myTHIcIzATION ANd THeFuNcTION OF THe cHuRcH yeAR IN

GOeTHes ITALIENISChE REISE


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Religion & Literature2

(Addendum: Papal Tapestries) at th n o th Jn haptr an th StrendeNaturbetractungen (Intruding Meditations on Nature) atr th Berict on J,xtrat ro an arti o 1791 in thBericton dbr an th a

on Pilipp Neri, der umoristisce heilige (Filippo Neri, te humorous Saint) atrth haptr on thi onth an o orDas Rmisce Karneval(Te RomanCarnival)whih ha ara bn pbih parat in 1789atr thhaptr on Janar. H vn intgrat into thi work txt b othr pop,a ttr b Tihbin in th Jn haptr, an a b Hinrih mr inthBerictabot Novbr or vra pag ro a book b Kar Phiippmorit atr th marh haptr. Th at vo i th or pophonithan th arir two.2 Th rar ha to i hr whthr, or xap,Goth roan with th na ong mian that appar aot

on in thBerictpart ra onrn Goth proon whi in Itaor whthr it aqir h an iportan r in th or an po-ti iagination o th o an.3 Atr a, Goth in th atr part o hion Roan ta wa b with th Fatina brat in th RmisceElegien (Roman Elegies).

Bt h obt ho vx ao th rar o th rt two vo oth work, athogh Goth onio i to rop th titDictung undWareit, in, a h writ to hi pbihr c.F.W. Froann, in th nwwork th ontnt i on too tr.4 For vn i Goth a xtniv

o hi iari an ttr ro Ita, a oparion with what i xtant oth how that h not on work on th t, bt that h a, t,orrt an tranpo a onirab aont it to oparwhat h wrot abot th avntr in main in hi iar5 an what ha ot o it in th Italienisce Reise.6 (O or, w annot x ithrthat th origina ttr an iar ar ara a trangration o rait.)Th at that Goth in 1818 an in 1829 tro ot o hi paprro th jorn to Nap an sii an ro th on Roan taa rthror b intrprt a a ign that Goth i not want atr

biographr to hk too pri how h ha tranor hi originanarrativ. In a briiant a Nihoa Bo ha hown that it i vr ikthat Goth trav on on, not twi to Pat, a h to aiin th Italienisce Reise.7 crtain Goth wa inr onvin that inhi atobiographia writing h ha rain aith to th bai trtho hi i, at at that h ha not viat ro th pr at h orthan an hitoria onnt o.8 Bt h rgar hi a athori,vn a t-bon to prnt hi i in an athtia paing wa. Ina ao ttr to ztr ro 5.17.1815 Goth ai abot thi work

at th Italienisce Reisethat I an giv itano a tr aont ant a gra air ta.9 How i thi poib? It wo an jping to


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VITTORIO Hsle 3

onion to aintain that whn othing in Goth pit i ookvr artiti it annot orrpon to th hitoria trth. For Goth aw hav organi again an again hi ra i in a wa that a ot o

it an artwork. In hi ttr to Jophin Odon ro 1/22/1813 Gothpak abot th rt two part oDictung und Wareita hi biographiaqra, an h agr with th ont o Odon that h i hi-ing hi atr i bhin th arir on.10 Bt th tatnt avr that whatGoth i hiing i nothi arir, bt hi contemporary i, abot whih hi not writ. maqraing wa a part o Goth, an i prhap o otpop, ra i, an hi atobiographia writing on inra a tnnprnt ara in th wa h iv. dobt, howvr, ar jti, whnothing i narrat too h ik a air-ta, an th an otivat th

arh or ont that orrt or ont Goth aont.11

In what oow I want to point ot on apt o Goth ItalienisceReisethat, a ar a I an , ha bn ignor in th onar itratr,whih o ain on th objtiv ontnt o th book, on th wor itrib, partiar on th ing artwork pit b Goth. I anit hronoogthat i, o I ho hatn to a atr what I ai bor,thfctitioushronoog o th work, or th qtion how h o it or-rpon to th ra hronoog i bon th op o thi a. I wantto how that Goth arib to hi partiar onto ation at

a that pa an iportant ro in th hrh ar.12

B oing o, Gothprnt hi in a chrit-ik ronot too rpriing, i on onirthat Goth rgar th writing o atobiographi in gnra a a -onio Prottant atrnativ to th prati o onion.13 (I wi notana othr work b Goth in whih h intro ntiona qivanto chrita, ot notab, Iphigni in Ipigenie au Tauris (Ipigenia inTauris), bt ao Wrthr inDie Leiden des jungen Werter(Te Sorrows o YoungWerter), who, igniant nogh, ki hi in th chrita wk.14)In orr to nrtan or pri whthr Goth thrb ontin

th traition o th imitatio Cristior ati hi ir or atothoaniaor prhap o both at th a ti, I wi bgin b ribing on oth prpo o th Italienisce Reise, th onation o what on o aa rigion o art (I). I wi thn i th -iag that Goth in gnraprnt o hi in thi work (II). Fina, I wi ana th ntion oth hrh ar in th work (III).

I.

Wh i Goth intrrpt th narrativ oDictung und Wareit, whort thr part appar in 1811-1814, bt who at part wo b pb-


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ih on potho in 1833, an bgan to rat th Italienisce Reise?On otiv wa obt th irritation that Goth t in viw o th o th Roanti rtrn to iva Gran an it rigion, an

irritation h xpr aggriv in hi aNeudeutsce religios-patriotisceKunst (Neogerman religious-patriotic art) o 1816, writtn togthr with Hinrihmr, who ha bo hi rin in Ro. copntar to th ritiio ontporar art, th Italienisce Reisewa ppo to prnt th poi-tiv ia o ai art, a Goth ha xprin it aot thr aarir an rviv in hi own potr. dobt th Italienisce Reisepitin grat tai an with aaing nrtaning ao th Itaian anap,partiar it goog, an th Itaian pop. Van Ingn xaggrat whnh writ: Itain intrirt Goth brhapt niht, i mnhn

bibn ih r, r i oia Wirkihkit war r witghn bin,a Poitih wir nr in inr ggntihn Nbnbrkng gtrit.(227) Bt it i tr that Goth aont o Ita i an iai on anthat hi work an b nrtoo a in Art snghiht r Ka-ik (226). In vain on ook in it or th oia ritii that haratri

Johann Gottri s Spaziergang nac Syrakus im Jare 1802(A Stroll toSyracuse in te year 1802). For th ntr o th book i th art o Ita, bothth anint Grk an Roan art an th rnt Itaian art ain roth Rnaian onwar. (Th intrt in iva art i vr iit.15

s it to rin th rar that Goth viit in Aii on th tpo minrva an ignor Giotto ro, a h ha on in Paa. Hiapparnt ontpt or th Franian pa ngnr vn th piionthat h ight b a ggr.16)

Thi o i ink to Goth ir to inra hi knowg anappriation o th via art an vn to bo a paintr hi. BtGoth ha to rogni at th n o hi ta that hi attr ir wa notto bo rait. It bo arr to ai that I wa ra born oritratr Th bnt I ha hav ro rathr ong ta in Ro i

that I a giving p th prati o th via art.17

sti, hi ti in Itawa not ot, ba at at hi rt wih wa an vn a thortiagraping o art wo hav bn har poib withot pratia xrtion.18Frthror, Goth gain throgh hi attpt at painting a pitoriaonrtn, arit an priion in hi potr that th str-n-drangwork ha ti ak, whi ring hi rt Wiar ta hi poti apai-ti to hav bn tif.19 In orr to nrtan th iportano th nontr with th via art o Ita on ha to onir rt ono th piariti o Goth prption o th wor ro ar on: h

aw, a h a, rait with th o th paintr; th hoo hi toook at th wor ro th propr ang. I a n a a grat ipr-


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VITTORIO Hsle 5

ion on hi, thn otn nogh ba h wa ab to ink it bak to oarir xprin o an artwork. In th ighth book oDictung und WareitGoth, who ha bn aron oa atr ro hi Frankrt hihoo

on, t how h rtrn ro th drn gar to th ho o thphioophia hoakr who wa hi hot ring hi rt viit to thi itwith on o th riht art otion in Gran.

Whn I rtrn to obbr ho to at th ia a, I o arbiv : I thoght I wa bhoing a pitr b Ota, prt nogh tob hng in th gar a it wa. evrthing I ha air in hi pitr: panto objt, ight, haow, th brownih tint ovr vrthing, th agia haron opartI aw hr in rait. It wa th rt ti that I ba awar to h a highgr o a git that I atrwar or onio, na o ing natrthrogh th o thi or that artit who work ha rnt bn th objt o

pia attntion.20

Dictung und Wareita w a th Campagne in Frankreic giv vraxap o thi intrprtation o natr that i iat b art.21 evnin th aaiti o war Goth o not hp bing rin o rtainartwork. O or, th ainating thing abot thi approah i that itohow invrt th nora iti ration: It i, a in Oar Wiao iaog Th Art o ling, rait or, to b phioophia orpri, or prption o rait that to irror artwork.22 Non o

Goth atobiographia writing rib thi tp o nontr withrait or rqnt than th Italienisce Reise. Ara atr roing thBrnnr, Goth not: svra i aro th oaing tra, aong

vr o r tr, wr prt evringn.23 An nr th a at:A th pop waking to an ro rin on o th ot haring artitiiag a o it ontitt a iving, oving Hinrih Roo.24 Thi i-prion o not ngnr a ing o artiiait. On th ontrar Gothna n hi at ho in th wor an no ongr in hiing or xi.25O or it i not on dth an Gran paintr o who Goth i

rin in Ita. Gntn paing ba in Vrona ar opar with thBorgese Warrior(th bron origina o th prrv aror op, toain th lovr, i b Agaia o epho),26 paant in thir art with aBahi tripha proion.27 Whn h arriv in Vni, h in thagoon th bt, rht pitr o th Vntian hoo.28 In Paro hwrit anaogo: I no ongr aw natr, on pitr that a ot artitipaintr to hav graat b apping a b ga to th.29 OnGoth vn ant that atr viiting th sitin hap h annot njonatr, in h annot it with mihango grat .30

Gratnthi i th on raon or th orativ ro o th art


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o Ita. Again an again, th Italienisce Reise xpr Goth irto trann an an to nontr gratn. Ara in Vrona wra: It i natr to b wiing an happ to rvr what i grat an

bati; an to vop thi tnn with th hp o h agnintobjt a atr a, hor atr hor, i th ot bi o a nation.31Abot th two arg Grk ion in ront o th Arna in Vnion oth w thing ti prai in th Venezianisce Epigramme (Venetian Epigrams)(no. 20), vn i th ontxt in whih th ar oat now vok th aiiionnt o tpia o th on an at jorn to Ita32Gothwrit: Th ar o arg that th war vrthing aron th, an worv wo b ni, wr it not that bi objt xat .33 Thontrat btwn on own an an th gratn o th rroning

art i t again in a o th Panthon, th Apoo o Bvr an thsitin chap.34 Goth want to xpng a an ro hi in anhi ia abot itab bjt or rawing,35 an Ro i th right paor growing, or tr, thr i nothing a hrI a not hr to njoin a wa; I want to app in to th grat objt, arn, anat bor I rah th ag o ort.36 In th thir vo o thwork th o Goth pak o th prn o aia oi an a thith phia-intta onvition that gratn wa, i, an wi b hr.Goth a that th tranitorin o vn th gratt thing i in th

natr o ti an o th ora an phia nt oprating againtah othr. On ho not b pr b that, bt on th ontrar botivat to aopih othing igniant on, othing whih wiin trn init or or to nob ativit.37 spaking abot hi rwritingo hi Ipigenie au Tauris, whih wa on in Ita, Goth tat: In art thbt i goo nogh.38 Goth nthia or an ation o gratni opatib with two thing. Firt, h i too h o a rait to ignorthat th ontporar Roan ar a narrow-in a othr han b-ing. Thir ptt abition wo ak hi rn ro th wor.39 Bt th

inognito h oia prrv aow hi to ignor a that40

an o onth gratn that ti an b on in Ita. son, Goth know abotth prrqiit o grat art. Again an again, h init on th nit oa hitoria approah: On b ting an aing th pror oth gratt atr an on ra grap th pak thir work igni.41

No obt, Goth ha tr ir to har a hi nw xprin withhi Wiar rin. Th ttr how thi, an th ao phaant raanit that thi wih oprat vn in hi nonio.42 It i ipoibto obt th inrit o hi hop to rtrn with a hart abr to avor th

happin prpar or hi b ov an rinhip,43

hi gratit or thag aqir apait to arn an to riv ro othr,44 hi pain


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VITTORIO Hsle 7

at hi onin.45 On th othr han, ara in Ro Goth raithat it wa hi n or artiti growth that kpt hi awa ro hi rin.Goth want not on to obin potr an via art,46 h ao want

to obin potr an i b having rin opoing i to oo hi work. In a ainating paag annoning th probab viit o thopor Phiipp chritoph Kar Goth writ: so, thn, i wi join too, an th ir o art aning aron wi b opt, aota i th want to kp ro attning to rin. An t I harar broah th bjt o how on I otn , an how I a grippb a onging to b with o.47 sohow th onging or intrbjtiviti ontrat b th ir or th totait o art, th wih to bo anivra in in th n o Itaian Rnaian. Goth ai at noth-

ing than oniin: A th thing that artit, with grat ort, aror to gathr on b on now i ab bor opn an r.I now how h I o not know, an th wa i opn or to know anoprhn vrthing.48 Th o Goth rogni xpiit that thattpt to ahiv gratn i ioat hi. In th tohingZwiscenrede(Excursus) that onnt th two part o th Campagne in Frankreicw nth a thoght again: Ita ibrat Goth ro ptt thoght ana ir, an it rpa th onging or th ontr o th art withth onging or art it. Having bo awar o it, Goth want to

pntrat it.49

Bt now h thi a on o th raon or th ainationro hi o rin an th onin that ba hi at atr th rtrnro Ita.50

Th Itaian jorn i not on a hooing o prption an an nontrwith gratn. It ination in Ro i nothing than a rbirth, aGoth o not tir to rpat. I ont th a whn I ntr Ro a on nata a, a tr rbirth.51 It o not attr whthr I i nowor at a whi ongr, in ithr a I a ontnt.52 At th n o hi taGoth giv ontnt to what h ha a rbirth: In Ro I rt on

, or th rt ti I ahiv innr haron an ba happ anrationa.53 Bor th hitoria tr Rnaian wa oin in th 19thntr b J miht, Wirgbrt ha a rigio aningorPiti it igni th awakning to a nw i in chrit.54 Thi a toth thir apt o Goth voag to b i. Goth nontrwith grat art i in hi a rigio xprin, ba an vnrationo a worth objt i aopani b a rigio ing.55 Aw or trart an, what i or, th pro o it appropriation56 Goth to anw ration to hi, to a tranoration o what h ha bn ti now

throgh an intignt an oving ration to a tanar o gratnjta a rigio onvrion i ppo to o. Th Goth an ai at th


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n o th on vo that what itingih hi book ro othr travitratr abot Ita i that h ha hi in on on innr goa.57

Goth ha not t rah Trnt, whn h ont: I biv in a

Go again.58

What i vn or triking than th ipiit onion oa tporar o o aith in th ivin i th o th innit arti. Achritian wo pak o Go; a Go to point towar po-thi. Bt pothi i at at not athi, an i th nontr withbathr ti that o natr, atr that o arta to a rh injtiono rigioit, Goth rgar that bat a rtain worth gratit. Inanothr paag th onpt o Go Goth ak or o panthi.H ai that Johann Gottri Hrr Ideen zur Pilosopie der Gescicteder Mensceit (Ideas or a Pilosopy o history)a work whih Go not

on in natr, bt ao in hitoro not hav bn writtn withotth onpt o Go Hrr vop in th iaog Gott, a onpt towhih, Goth ai, th work ow it nob, grat, proon qaiti.Thi onpt i ontrat harp with th orthoox rigioit o lavatr,

Jaobi, an cai. Hrr book i vn a a gop, in, a Gothxpain, h ha no iah to wait or.59 On that Goth rigioitrjt, at at at thi point o hi i, an hatoogia inion. Bt itwo b nair thror to n that it i a inr or o rigioit. Iti a inr a spinoa rigioit that attrat Goth a hi i.60 With

Hrr h Go prnt in han hitor no than in natr, anor than Hrr h Go iannt in grat art.I hav ara ntion that Goth in Aii wi ovrook th

Franian onnt. Th pigri to th pa hop, an ti hop,to gain a rtion o thir ti in Prgator. Bt Goth tar on at thanint tp o minrva (th rt grat pin o anint arhittrh ha vr n) an annot tir o ooking at it aa.61 H rognithat vn Paaioth hro o hi jorn throgh Northrn Ita, whoI quattro libri dellArcitettura (Four books on arcitecture) ro 1570 Goth ha

boght in Paa62

an in who h pro in Aii to hav ha a optonn (othing on wo traitiona rrv or rigio athori-ti)ha irprnt th tp. evn ar athoriti hav to brpa b atop, bt thi a a to trna rt: contpationo thi work awakn ing in that I annot pt into wor, bt thwi bar ating rit.63

dring th on Roan ta Goth writ: Now, at at, th aphaan oga o a thing known to , th han gr, ha takn ho o, an I o it, an I a, lor, I wi not t Th go, xpt Tho b

, an vn i I wrt a.64

Th xpiit qot i ro Gn.32.27 65 Goth o hi atr Jaob wrting with Go. Bt inta


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VITTORIO Hsle 9

o Go, th prior powr Goth i ghting with i th han gr or,to b pri, th artiti atr o it. It i a a A n O, anothrqot ro th Bib, thi ti ro th at book, whr Go a hi

o (Rv. 1.8). It a w b that Goth, who knowg o th Bib iaw-inpiring, onio raw ro it rt an at bookwhih ob a it A an O. Aribing a ivin attribt to th han gr anit artiti pition i ar a or o ariation. Bt Goth kiavoi th angr o arig b iiting hi prai to th piar ro ohan gr aong th thing known to . Thi av th poibiitopn that thr i othing whih trann it, bt oti o iannan knowg. I Goth tatnt i to b opatib with a riathoogia bi, it an on b a ngativ thoog h ha in in. short

atrwar w ra:I a o rot ro th wor an a wor aair now that it trang to whn I ra a nwpapr. Th or o thi wor i tranitor. I prr to op in xiv with nring onition an th, aoring to th tahingo ***, tr pror trna i or pirit.66

Again, thr i a qot ro th Bib (thi ti 1co. 7.31), an anignorant rar who thb th work throgh o at rt gan thinkthat Goth rjtion o nwpapr i ink to an rging onati

voation. Bt on th ontrar: Th rigio angag i to jti aspinoan qt or trnit (or spinoa i th na hiing bhin ththr tar), an trnit i on not in anothr wor, bt in th to grat an th nring an iorta art. Who ha n an grapth rt-rat artwork, a w part in pao prhap in aionto lk. 2.29. Goth ontin: Th bi work o art ar ao thbit work o natr, rat b n oowing tr an natra aw.evrthing arbitrar, vrthing iaginar rb awa, thr w havnit, thr w hav Go.67 A a iip o spinoa, Goth annot

oppo art an natr. Art i it a prot o natr, vn i han arit onar a.68 Th prai o nit again oow spinoa, anth anaphora at th n ggt that Go an (natra) nit ar on.O or thi iit th qtion what itingih grat art ro a thothr thing in th wor, whih ar a w th rt o natra nit.Bt it wo b nair to pr Goth, who atr a wa not a proionaphioophr, on thi i. On i not rpri that th a to Kant,who who phiooph i gron on th ia o th irribiit opitoogia, thia, an athtia nor to natr, rain ar

or it to Goth than to shir (an orrponing, Kant ratto shir, bt nvr ntion Goth). Goth ov or spinoa wa


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part iit b th attr rjtion o na a in th wor. H awothing nob, an vn rigio, in oing othing or it own ak,withot an avantag or on. Th h prai th at that o o th

phinx pit on th obik broght b Agt to Ro o notb n b th han , a ong a it too rt, bt wr aibon to nba. Hr w hav a a whr th rigio ntion o arti not aat on an t that i to b a on han ight.69

Th proon hang that orr in Gran tr with th rptiono spinoa ha otn bn i. It wa th Spinozastreit, triggr b

Jaobi, that a pa or th vopnt o a panthi a a rpt-ab atrnativ to rigio orthoox. At th a ti, th phioophiatranoration that wo inat in shing an Hg t

ar bon spinoa viw. For it wa onnt to a phiooph o hitorti ain to spinoathink o ling Erzieung des Menscengesclects (TeEducation o humankind)an to th projt o a phioophia onation oth haniti, ining a nw phiooph o art a an atonoo ativ-it o th han pirit. Goth ntor Hrr an Kar Phiipp morit,who h brin in Ro an with who h ra Hrr Ideen nGott (God),70 pa an iportant ro in thi tranition, an Goth ItalienisceReiseo 1816/17 i th prt artiti xprion o it. At th a ti iti iiv to rogni that ot o th innovator inr biv that

thir tranoration wa a aith ontination o th chritian traitionaign o thi i Goth xtniv o Bibia qotation.

II.

Ara ar rar o th Italienisce Reisehav ont that in itGoth to hi hi ing bhin hi obrvation. In hi on-nta work on Goth, Fririh Gno writ: Abr a Gwiht hatr a i Giht, niht a in shn ggt, n inbonr it niht

r, r Rin, in n Riwrkn r bwt inhitih mittpnkt,wi in dihtng n Wahrhit. (637) Now thi i rtain tr o variopart o th work h aDas Rmisce Karnevala it i o othr o-aatobiographia txt h a Sankt-Rocus-Fest zu Bingen. Bt Gnoovrook rt that or Goth th on wa o ning on i throgh thnontr with rait. Th ir to b objtiv i th at th a tia too o -iovr.71 An on h o not to priv th rothat Goth arib to hi in Italienisce Reise. H vi not on withgrat hitoria, bt ao with thia gr.

In itintion ro Pato, h writ or xap, h wo ak knowgo natr, not o gotr on o th onition o a, i h wr ab to


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VITTORIO Hsle 11

on a hoo.72 Whn on mont Roo h rark that h aot intoth oth o etna, an vn i h i not ntion, it i har to avoi thiprion that Goth onir hi a nw epo,73 partiar

in on Vvi w aw hi ov aron with aot ivin -ar-an.74 On h opar hi ort to tho o siph an Tanta.75svra ti Goth rat hi to u, th paraigati travr.Hi avntr in main i opar with th latrgonian attakagaint u.76 Whn h i orr to th hori govrnor o mina,h go hr, aing on patron aint O to intr or with Paa Athn.77 Not that th Grk go o wio pa aro anaogo to that o mar in what Goth a th cathoi tho-og.78 Bt th ot xpiit paag i whr Goth rib hi work on

th nvr optNausikaaan hi intiation with it a hro.On a jorn , in angr o aroing ation that, vn withottragi ning, o ti bo qit pain, prio, an injrio; in a poition, o ar ro ho, to ntrtain th opan with vivi oor riptiono rot objt, trav avntr, ai inint, to b onir a igo bth ong, a braggart b or at pron, to riv an an nrv avor,a an an nxpt obta; a o that a o attah to thi pan, tothi projt, that on aont o it I rat awa ojorn in Paro, in thgratr part o rthr siiian jorn.79

Hahitr ont: Hi onit o intiation with O,abit prpto, wa r not noon aong ightnth-ntrtravr. (46) Thi i tr, bt what i noon i Goth oinghi bhavior atr gr ro both th O an Nw Ttant. W havara ana th paag whr Goth to prnt hi a anw Jaob. H o not hitat to opar hi ao to Jonah, whn,roing th mitrranan ro Nap to Paro, h work on hi TorquatoTasso. In th at a in th b o th wha th pan or raaha progr ni.80 sin ara in th Gop Jonah i intrprt

a a tp o chrit (mat. 12.40), th paag o ggt that Goth hi a a nw chrit; what orrpon to th rrrtion i thoption o hi raa. On a objt that thi inrn i arth,bt thr ar vra othr paag whr a J-ik ro i xpiit pab Goth. Think o th oowing n o a ttr: so I ov happi, baI a abot Fathr bin.81 Th ar th wor o th twv-aro J, atr hi parnt on hi tahing in th tp (lk. 2.49). BtGoth o not iit hi to paking ik th hi J. Whn h writcontin to ov an hav aith in 82, h ho Joh. 14.11 an 15.9

ro th at ph o J iiat bor hi arrt. Goth pak


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to hi rin in Gran, a i h wr J who tak av ro th,an thi in orr to tah th a worviw who athti pagani anpanthiti iannti i qit irnt ro th ag o John J

(. 17.16). sti, h i not ati. Th ao n in th rtrn voagro sii to Nap how that Goth o not on pak ik J.H at ik J in th pio rat b a thr nopti gop (mar.4.35., mat. 8.23., lk. 8. 22 .). Th hip that arri hi i rawn in bth rrnt that go aron capri an whih a attrat th boat toth tp rok whr th wrk. Th pangr ar ar to ath anbgin to rag at th aptain. Bt a in main Goth ha bn ab tota th a that pt hi to b a p, o ao hr h tp orwaran ar th:

I point ot to th that thir on hop or r wa with tho n whoar an in wr bing o on at thi vr ont b noi hoting thatth o nithr think nor har ah othr pak. A or o, I hot, obak to or n, an thn ar or arnt prar to th mothr o Go.It pn on hr aon whthr h wi intr with hr son, o that H wio or o what H i or Hi apot whn, on th tor sa o Tibria, thwav wr ara pahing into thir hip. Th lor pt, bt whn th wrth,hp n wok Hi H iiat orr th win to a, a H an nowoan th br to bow, provi it i Hi ho wi.83

Th n i rarkab or vario raon. Firt, Goth a thpaniking pangr. Thi o not t av th hip, bt it i a naronition or it avation. Goth on jt bor th paag qotthat h hat anarh or than ath. Thi xpain wh h ov to pah a ro tpia o poitia hro.84 To ta han who ar oing thirin i in a rtain n a nobr an worthir ativit than to ovronatr. son, Goth appa to th rigio bi o th pop on thhipathogh th Italienisce Reise i o ontpto rark withrgar to th cathoi rigion,85 Goth pak a i h wr a cathoi

hi. sr thr i no atrnativ to h a bhavior, in Goth wantto b oia tiv, bt it i ti aaing that th iip o spinoa anron o onvining ptitionar prar in whih h hi onot biv, an vn in th iating ro o mar. H ahiv hin; pop bgin to pra, an na th boat i av b a riing br.Goth, howvr, i no ongr on k, whn thi happn. H ha gonown to hi abin, ba h wa ing aik. Now it i not a goo iato av th k, whn wrkag i iinnt, vn i on i aik. eithrGoth i r that th hip wi b av, or h oow an ovrwhing

o. Thi i, o or, J hi, ntion both in Goth phan again whn h go own: For th pitr ro mrian itrat


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VITTORIO Hsle 13

Bib hovr qit itint bor .86 Bt Goth ohowbt J. For J pt beoreh knw abot th angr. Goth ha tho-boon to o aterh ha priv it, obvio trting that hi

at o taing th pangr wi hav an appropriat oow-p. Whn Iawok ar on th orth a o or voag, I t rh an w87on irin o th arir -oparion with Jonah an i tpt to rath rovr a a ntiona qivant o th rrrtion, vn i th tain th hip took on a ongr than th anonia thr a.

III.

W ar now prpar to ook at o triking atr in th hronoog

o th Italienisce Reise. In th on part o th Campagne in FrankreicGothrib hi 1792 viit in mntr in th ho o th vot cathoiPrin Gaitin whr h tak abot th Roan hrh tiva o vivithat a gt ak whthr Goth i a cathoi hi.

At that ti th tiva wr vivi prnt in in in a thir haratrititai, or I wa panning a work on Th Roan yar, whih wo hav at withth who haratr o rigio an ar pbi vnt; in I o rib thotiva ro rthan iprion, I wa ab to pa th vot cathoiwith th ription I prnt a h a I ha pa th or wor popwith pition o th arniva.88

Th book pan wa nvr rai, bt Goth in into th ItalienisceReiseription o rigio tiva.89 mor intrting than th obj-tiv paag ar, howvr, tho prnting Goth hi ating in apiar annr on a ho a. Bor aving or sii, Goth ow-travr Knip want to intro hi to hi girrin. Th two n wait onth fat roo o a ho, whn, n, athogh it wa xpt, a vrprtt itt ha ro p ro bow. [] An now, whn th itt angrg opt, it orr to that or artit pit th An-nniation in thi wa, with th ang oing p a tair.90 Whn o thihappn? Th at i not on givn with th anar a marh 25th 1787,bt Goth xpiit a Annunciation Day. I it an ovrintrprtation ion ppo that thi ang ha to oniat othing iportant toGoth, who i hr in th poition o mar? In th nxt ntr, bt ti nrth a a, Goth writ: Atr thi agrab avntr I tro b tha an t qit happ. Thn a goo inpiration a to onrn-ing botania attr.91 It i w-known that botania inightprhapptativ onar grant, at at aoring to hi own aontwhih ibioto Goth on hi voag ro th rt grina ia in Paa to


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th vop onpt o th prioria pant in sii.92 I it not paibto a that Knip rin ha to annon to Goth th onptionnot o a hi, bt o a thor that wi th ight o th a in sii?

Whovr onir how pro Goth wa o hi ontribtion to natrain, wi not rjt thi hpothi hati.It i trngthn b what happn on th nxt ajor hrh bra-

tion, on Easter. Goth i now in Paro, an on oaion o th eatrbration h i invit to in at th viro. H arriv too ar at thpaa, whr h t a mat knight. Th an ha pnt o ti inerrt an ak nw abot Thringia.

Hitant, bt with intrt, h ak or nw o Wiar. How o thing tan,h ak, with th an who at ti wa ong an o i an a both

rain an nhin thr? I hav orgottn hi na, bt it i nogh to a h i thathor o Werter. Atr a itt pa, a thogh I wa rfting, I anwr: Thpron o ar o kin inqiring abot i !showing th ot viib igno atonihnt, h tart bak an ri: Thn a grat hang t hav taknpa!Oh, ! I rpi, btwn Wiar an Paro I hav nrgon ana hang.93

Th -anitation o a grat an ti now nrrat i a nar to th stor-an-str it to rin th rar o shirFio. Th raon or thi i ar: In th ong pro o th rpant

o Go b th atonoo I, h a n ati th n or a nxprining o othing xtraorinar, bt at th a ti intgratit into iann. Bt th at o Goth nontr an th iportano th atgor o rbirth i arir ggt that Goth tihi a th rrrt chrit. H ha bn hang, vn tranoran trangr in hi ong voag that now ha rah th ot itantrgionh ha vn bn born to a nw i. Thror h annot b i-iat rognia J initia wa not inti b th iipon th wa to ea (lk. 24.13 .) or b mar magan (Joh. 20.14

.). It a to Goth ara that hi na ha bn orgottn, bt that hi orrt haratri b hi ot ao work. It i thi, not th naon ok b Hrr,94 that ontitt Goth intit, who atr atrav in Ita nr a a na. It t with what ha bn ai thatGoth ao in Janar o nxt ar : Towar eatr, an poh wirah it iax95 an onr in marh atr th eatr wk: Thprio o vopnt I wa hoping or ha bn on an rono.96

Goth av Nap, a h ntion xpiit atr th anar at

o Jn 3r, 1787, on Trinity Sunday. Th vning bor h wa gt oth dh o Giovan in th roa paa o capoiont, whn h


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VITTORIO Hsle 15

njo a pni viw o th ativ Vvi. Hi oah i now jt pa-ing th to, whn opt nxpt hi rin Knip apparwith a chin p o bak o. I wa atonih an toh, or

thi wa an npara tokn o appriation. yo hav, h ai, hown o an kinn, an hav ha h an infn on who i,that I wo ik to or o thi bo o bt.97 do th gtrnot ook ik a ibation to a go? An o it not annon privat, btthrogh Goth book to th who wor, th ontining infn oGoth vn atr hi partr ro Nap, whr Knip wo i aa proor at th Aa in 1825, a Pntot proi th ontinprn o chrit vn atr hi anion? Trinit, atr a, i th snaatr Pntot. Whovr n thi intrprtation or, t xpain wh

Goth o nota atr th 27th

o ma that it i Pntot. Wr h onintrt in th rigio anar, thi wo b or appropriat than thntioning o Trinit, th r tivit. Th onpio abn o thwor Pntot to prov vn or than th poitiv ntioningo th othr hrh bration that Goth i intrt in th rigioanar on inoar a it h ight on hi own iion o artiti rgn-ration o hankin.

sho thr rain an obt with rgar to Goth o th rigioanar, th oght to b ovro b a ook at hi two ntri nr d-

br 25th

. Nithr in 1786 nor in 1787 chrita i a to th at,an in 1786 th itan ro chritian rigion i obvio. Goth writabot opi h ha orr to b a o both th ma Ronaninian th z o Otrioi an t th tor how th attr bar ha bnik b a at. Whn hi ana iovr thi, h thoght h waing a irath at wa worhipping Go th Fathr. Goth owithho ro hr hi atrnativ an inti xpanationth at waattrat b th gra ro th o.98 O or Goth want to akn o th a naivt, who ira vrwhr. Bt h i ar

rio abot hi rpaing th chritian go with pagan tat, a onga th ar bati. Two wk atr, on epiphan, Janar 6th, h pakabot hi op o th o-a Jno lovii, rt ov in Ro, anannon that Ipigenie au Taurisha bn opt.99 At th a ti,Goth attit i ar or opx, or ao th invr ration ho:Th Grk hroin i in with chritian pirit. W ha ara har inBoogna that th hroin o Goth raa ho ttr on h thinga o b ai b a saint Agatha in a painting (now ot) h ha arib,probab wrong, to Rapha.100 An in on annot n that th va

o Goth Iphigni, bt ao o hr king, ar proon chritian, vni th tnn o th raa i to rpa th x ahina eripi


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ti ha n b pr han ing.lt tak a ook at th ntr ro Goth on chrita in Ro.

It bgin b tating: Thi ti, chrit ha bn born ait thnr an

ightning! Jt at inight w ha a vr tor.101

Th prpo o thrark i again to pt th ivin, or or onption o it, into a natraontxt. Goth thn ontin b aing that h i no ongr a bth gratt artwork, bt ha aqir irning prption. Th anwho hp hi to ahiv it, Hinrih mr, ha a havn arit in hiia, an an angi goon in hi hart.102 Bt Goth nw gainqit, attntiv bi103 o not itigat hi wrath againt orign viitorwithot athti optn, who ar opar to wap. sti, Gothhop that atr a ti o ioation h ha now rtrn to th intrbj-

tiv inion.Now an intiat ir ha gathr aron again, a goo n, a on th rigt

pat, whih jt how that it i nar to b w aong on th right path in thoghtan ation in orr to pt p with , to ik , an njo opan. For Ia ri an intorant towar a tho who aw or gt ot aong th wa,an nvrth want to b onir ngr an travr. I hap orn anrii on th nti th ithr hang thir iv or av .104

On a orgiv Goth rgaring th apait to ik hi a a intonition or bing on th right path. On a ao bit to th prophti

voi that an a hang o i. Atr a, Goth ha bjt hi,too, in th at ixtn onth to proon, otn noortab hangan ha ahiv a fabbrgating rativit. What i or it to igti that Goth in hi prona chrita proaation tak pri in bingri. It i with a ing o na that on i rin o Nithzarathtra, an on i not rpri at th ttr onin o Gothnxt ar bor th rinhip with shir.

Nvrth: Th rigion o art Goth ontribt to oning i, inhi a w a in hi ontporari, ti root in a va t proon

prat b chritianit. Th iovr o th atono o art o notip th vring o it ink with orait, nithr in Kant Kritik der Ur-teilskrat (Critique o Judgment) nor in Goth.105 Nor i art ionnt ro ataphia viion o th wor, vn i Goth avorit taphia hroi spinoa. Bt Goth Italienisce Reiseprpar th raia athtiio th 19th ntr taght b Wagnr an Nith. For th, howvr,chritianit i on a to,Also sprac Zaratustra (Tus Spoke Zaratustra) a brtaparo o th gop. Goth, too, a pa to paag ro thBibwhih hi ontporar pbi t hav rogni h or

qik than rar nowaa -, bt in taing th paniking pangr,


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VITTORIO Hsle 17

or xap, h opi with th ti o a chritian aritorat. Hi-tiation i not inopatib with a inr ir to iv a ora i.sin h biv in th nit o athorit, h a ai hav onvin

hi that ontining to a chritian angag wa nar in orrto aintain th oia orr an that th tranoration o chritianit hai at wa not it btraa, bt it rthr vopnt. An rtainw hav to rogni that th bt tnion btwn traitiona rigioangag an iagr on th on han an it or a vr nw prpoon th othr i on o th ot proon raon or th athti powro aia Gran itratr in gnra an o th Italienisce Reisein par-tiar.

Te University o Notre Dame

NOTes

1. On th raon or th rtion o th nbr o origina ont in th thirvo o th Italienisce Reise Goth to ekrann (FA 39: 349 .).

2. s Wi 351: mit i rittn Ti kinirnn Arrangnt rriht G.,in r Italieniscen Reisegiha it wi stin prhn. On th hang btwn

rt an thir pron in th atobiographi tatnt oDictung und Wareit H,Erste und dritte Person.

3. Goth t ra a bati mian woan. Thank to Angia Kaannttr ro 11.1.1788 to Goth w know vn that hr na wa maana Riggi. Btthi o not ntai that Goth tai nova i hitoria arat. It i on inGran in HA 11: 422 , 457, 520 ., 553 ., in engih in IJ 339 ., 366 ., 419 ., 446 .In th orrponn part Riggi i ntion on: IJ 333/ HA 11: 416.On Gothik ra ing or Riggi Bo, Goete487 ., on th itrar ntion o th novawithin th Italienisce Reise Rigr 104 ., who point to it rtaring ro an th iao Entsagungipi b it.

4. dn rhrn zat Wahrhit n dihtng knnn wir ia ntbhrn, a

r Inhat ir Bogn nr awahr it. (WA IV 26: 291)5. FA 30: 37.6. IJ 30 ./ HA 11: 31 .7. Bo, Goete in Paestum. s ao Fhnr 251: di Ntng Vorhannn a

in okntarihn matria vrbint i banprht Athntiitt rinnrtrunittbarkit it inr intnirtn n rfktirtn Artitik ri ingrinnVrgn n Vrgn.

8. s hi ttr to c.l. von Wotann ro 2.5.1813: dr grnih n rinknHitorikr tt ih niht aran, a an ih dihtng n Wahrhit anbitt, a rwi, wi vi dihtng r von btnn hitorihn monntn abihn , i Wahrhit brig bhatn. (FA 34: 179).

9. o a ih gih vig wahrhat n in antig mrhn hribn kann


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(FA 34: 455). Whn itting at th at vo o th work, h rpat in ration to it againth tr mrhn (air ta) in a ttr ro 5.21.1828 to thi on ra rin o hiat a (FA 37: 611). In th Italienisce Reiseit th tr or to pit th Roantiviti or saint Ptr an Pa (IJ 280/ HA 11: 353 .).

10. FA 34: 160.11. It i tpting to ra two paag o th Italienisce Reiserfxiv, i.., a aingironia to th athti tranoration orring in that work it. Goth pak abot aanap rawing b hi trav opanion in sii, th paintr chritoph Hinrih Knip,an not that h ha a a orgron that i not ath rait. I wonr how anitrat trav book ontain iiar ha-trth. (IJ 230/ HA 11: 288: Wivi arihRin gn rgihn Habwahrhitn nthatn.) marih an ao an withpitoria qaiti an thn rat or irt to Goth work. s Fitnr 104: Nihtnr r H r erhng rit a Kntr, onrn r lr Bh wir in inarih sting vrtt. Th othr paag xpiit rjt opaint againt thviation ro at in potia iagination (IJ 249/ HA 11: 312). Goth oaiona an

hi whn h pak abot othr. Th, .g., it i aot invitab to app th aorark on Rapha abot th trriing onition ipo on vn th ot prononnatra tant bor it an ri to th hight poib (IJ 287/ HA 11: 363: irhtbarn Bingngn, ntr whn ain ih bt a nthint Natr lttgihn Gingn rhbn kann) to Goth hi, vn i jt bor Goth,in an apparnt bonhoi, to in hi aong tho who hitant approahth grat an. Thr ar vra thing or whih on an rproah Goth, bt aong th-nrrating i not to b on. Hoho i orrt whn h tat: In Raa pigtih Goth bt i Ggnat n thn Kntrn in Ro, n Naarnrn.(474) Ao th prai o Paaio a having ti with inrib ort th anint anhaving thn bo ab to rtabih th b hi (IJ 62/ HA 11: 71 .) appi toow to Goth hi, who o not tir to ntion how h h work in Ita (IJ 100,121, 123, 317/ HA 11: 122, 148, 150, 396) an who rtain ik to hi a thPaaio o itratr.

12. m attntion wa irt to thi i b th obvio ontrat with th rnt a-tobiograph o Johann H, in whih th narrator prnt hi cathoi hihoo nota vopnt, bt aoring to th ia ar o th hrh, whih to waowvr iniviait.

13. HA 14: 84 an th ttr to c.W.Gtting ro 3.4.1826: e wr hn n-trhn, ob niht Prottantn hr a Kathoikn sbtbiographin gnigt in.di habn ir inn Bihtvatr r sit n knnn ihr Gbrhn hbh inn

o wrn, ohn ih in rhtbar Fog bkrn; r Prot tant i nt-ggngttn Fa trgt ih bt i Fhr ngr nah n ih it oh inittih Rtat thn. (WA IV 40: 311 .) s ao HA 9: 283.

14. s-ahioning atr th o o chrit rain popar in Gran itratr pto th 20th ntr. On Thoa mann, marx.

15. I pak o th Goth o th 1780. It i w known that in strabrg h ha on-tribt to th iovr o th bat o gothi arhittr, to whih h rtrn atr inhi i (, .g., HA 9: 382 .). In writing th Italienisce Reiseh ropp an ar paag o wrath an hatr againt ita spi Boir ai in hi iar o Agt 1815in orr to how hi what a goo g h i (a ih h wh in bravr Kr r i,FA 34: 494).Goth intrt in iva itratr, howvr, rain awa iit.

Think on o hi jgnt on Hartann von ADer arme heinric (Poor henry) in thTag- und Jaresete(HA 10: 511).


19/25

VITTORIO Hsle 19

16. IJ 96 ./ HA 11: 116. A iiar non-pigri-ik attit haratri hi tain Ro: brhapt rit r ohn jn Bg a i hritihn Gnktttn n

Apotgrbr. (Fitnr 106)17. IJ 417/ HA 11: 518: Tgih wir ir tihr, a ih igntih r dihtknt

gborn bin Von in ngrn Anthat in Ro wr ih n Vorti habn, aih a a Abn r binn Knt Vriht t. It i poib that Goth wanthi rar to rat morit rark abot th wrong or that han rativ powr antak, .g., b tring to t bor iagination what bong bor th (IJ 435/ HA 11:540), to hi own vopnt.

18. IJ 139, 141, 327, 416/HA 11: 171, 173, 410, 517.19. c. IJ 357, 383/ HA 11: 446, 477. mar ha right ggt that th at that

Goth in hi atobiographia work i not in th rt Wiar prio ro 1775 to1786 how that h rgar it a on o hi at atiing a (59 .). Bi th ino hi itrar rativit, iti with car Agt nw poitia orintation (on that,

Anra) an inraing tnion with charott von stin xpain hi partr, whih ap-

par to hi nvironnt a a n fight, vn i it ha bn ar prpar.20. PT 241/ HA 9: 321: A ih bi in shtr wir intrat, a mittag-

ah gnin, trat ih inn Agn ka: nn ih gabt in Bi von Ota vorir hn, o vokon, a an nr a i Gari htt hngn rn. stngr Ggntn, liht, shattn, branihr Tint Gann, agih Hatng, a,wa an in jnn Birn bwnrt, ah ih hir in r Wirkihkit. e war a rta,a ih a inn o hohn Gra i Gab gwahr wr, i ih nahhr it hrrBwtin bt, i Natr nih it n Agn i or jn Kntr hn,n Wrkn ih obn in bonr Arkakit gwit hatt.

21. c. HA 9: 322 (oparion with shakn), 431, 564; HA 10: 152, 223 (oparionwith van r mn), 249, 260.

22. It i w-known that Goth rgar hi Egmonta having potia antiipat thontration againt Joph II an th rgnt maria chritina in Br in 1787 (HA10: 433 an IJ 292, 382/ HA 11: 367, 476).

23. IJ 24/ HA 11: 23: einig mhn wihn ratn Fihtn br hnnstro warn vig evringn.

24. IJ 26/ HA 11: 26: A, wa hin n hr want, rinnrt inn an i ibtnKntbir a bit inn bnign, bwgtn Hinrih Roo.

25. IJ 26/ HA 11: 26: da ht an ih oh ina in r Wt Ha n nihtwi gborgt or i exi. Vg. IJ: 350/ HA 11: 436.

26. IJ 41/ HA 11: 45.

27. IJ 47/ HA 11: 52.28. IJ 73/ HA 11: 87. Iiat bor, howvr, Goth aknowg th invrration: Th Vntian paintr paint a th o ba o th objt aong whih thiv. s ao IJ 279/ HA 11: 352.

29. IJ 195/ HA 11: 240 .: man ah kin Natr hr, onrn nr Bir, wi i rkntiht mar rh lairn ainanr gtt hatt.

30. IJ 119/ HA 11: 145. svra othr paag oparing rait with artwork orbibia o an b on IJ 71, 99, 174, 180, 188, 213, 253, 269, 323/ HA 11: 83, 120,213, 221, 231, 265, 319, 342, 403.

31. IJ 42/ HA 11: 47: e igt in inr Natr, a Gro n shn wiig n itFrn vrhrn, n i Anag an o hrrihn Ggntnn Tag r Tag, stn

r stn abin, it a igt ar Gh.32. c. mir, 549 : Vrwigrt Wirhong: Venezianisce Epigramme 1790. ein


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Art epiog.33. IJ 75/ HA 11: 88: si in o gro, a i a hr kin ahn, n a an

bt niht wr, wnn rhabn Ggntn n niht rhbn.34. IJ 120/ HA 11: 147. c. IJ 304/ HA 11: 381.

35. IJ 188/ HA 11: 231. siiar IJ 291, 326/ HA 11: 366, 408.36. IJ 111/ HA 11: 134 .: Wahrih, gibt hir niht Kin Ih bin niht hir, nah inr Art gnin; bfiign wi ih ih r gron Ggntn, rnnn ih abin, h ih virig Jahr at wr.

37. IJ 366/ HA 11: 456 . sti, Goth know th anxit o infn. H n hi bookntioning th paraing infn o Ovi on hi (IJ 448/ HA 11: 555). Prhap thi ion o th raon wh th gratt infn in Ita ar artit, not pot.

38. IJ 157/ HA 11: 190: in r Knt it a Bt gt gng. (I orrt ightHitnr tranation.)

39. IJ 125/ HA 11: 153. On th at o th chrh stat . IJ 94/ HA 11: 113, onth an ri in Ro . IJ 118, 120/HA 11: 143, 146. Goth ba ao th oation

o Ro (IJ 135/ HA 11: 165 .), in harp ontrat to what ciro writ in th thir bookoDe re publica (On te Republic).

40. IJ 307 ./ HA 11: 385.41. IJ 55, 87, 136, 179, 196/ HA 11: 62, 103, 167, 219., 242. On aii an th

hitoria n in th Italienisce Reise Atkin 85 . s ao HA 7:408 an HA 12: 144,178 ., 204.

42. IJ 90 ., 102, 182, 318/ HA 11: 108, 124, 224, 398.43. IJ 318/ HA 11: 398.44. IJ 294/ HA 11: 370.45. IJ 331 ./ HA 11: 414.46. On th pan o a oopration with Johann Hinrih Wih Tihbin b writing

po to hi pitra pan rai a atr IJ: 109, 114/ HA 11: 132, 139.47. IJ 320/ HA 11: 400: so wir ih nn ah noh i mik ir gn,

n Rihn hin, n i Knt ih ihn, giha a wotn i ihvrhinrn, nah inn Frnn hn. un oh ar ih ka a Kapit brhrn,wi hr ain ih ih ot h, n wh shnht ih rgrit, bi h in.Goth rogni in 1829 that h an Kar wr batn b moart (IJ 351/ HA 11:437).On Goth intrt in i Ipr, 314 .

48. IJ 314/ HA 11: 393: A, wa Kntr nr inn ha anhnn, igt nn an on n ri vor ir. Ih h jtt, wi vi ih niht wi,n r Wg it on, a win n bgrin.

49. HA 10: 308.50. Bttnr 467 . ovrook thi thrat to intrbjtivit. Aoring to hi, thahivnt o rinhip i on o th ajor topi o th book, whih, atr a, onito ttr. Bt th ttr ar on Goth ttraDie Leiden des jungen Werterontainon th ttr o th hro. W o not witn in ithr book a ra xhang.

51. IJ 121/ HA 11: 147: Ih h inn witn Gbrttag, in wahr Wirgbrt,von Tag, a ih Ro btrat. copar IJ 104, 123, 177, 308, 314, 337, 358 /HA 11:126, 150, 217, 386, 393, 420, 446 a w a th ttr to charott von stin ro 1.6.1787(FA 30: 212). A i w-known, th ot prona part o Goth Itaian ttr to charottar not in in th Italienisce Reise.

52. IJ 122/ HA 11: 149: Ih ag nn trbn or noh in Wi arn, in bin

Fn war gt. cr. IJ 316/ HA 11: 395.53. IJ 427/ HA 11: 530: In Ro hab ih ih bt rt gnn, ih bin rt


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VITTORIO Hsle 21

brintin it ir bt gkih n vrnntig gworn. Th paraox ovopntinra in th a o xtraorinar oni how intit i aintainpit a hang; . IJ 120, 424/ HA: 146, 525.

54. c. langn 149, who ntion pia Johann Hinrih Rit historie der Wie-

dergebornen (history o te Reborn) o 1717. s ao shar 100. s in gnra p. 93 . onth rpant o rigion b art in th Gran itratr o th ti. For Barnr 82, 88. Wirgbrt in th Italienisce Reisei ao rinint o aia pagan onpt.

55. HA 10: 340: in j Vrhrng in wrign Ggntan ir vonin rigion Gh bgitt it. s ao HA 9: 320, 366 on qai-rigio ingin th drn gar an in ront o taptri atr Rapha ign. In onntion withWinkann rin Aa Fririh Or, hi own tahr o rawing in lipig, Gothpak o evangi shnn (HA 9: 314).

56. c. IJ 279/ HA 11: 352.57. IJ 274/ HA 11: 348: r ih nr i innrihtn [zwk] i Ag hatt.58. IJ / HA 11: 25: an gabt wir ina an inn Gott.

59. IJ 333 ./ HA 11: 415 . With a rtain arrogan Goth ri tho who o nottak hi too rio a a taphiian. In th at part oDictung und Wareith i orot rgaring hi own apait to vn nrtan spinoa (HA 10, p. 78).

60. c. HA 10: 35 , 76 .61. IJ 97/ HA 11: 117: An r Faa konnt ih ih niht atthn.62. IJ 52 ./HA 11: 59 .63. IJ 97 ./ HA 11: 118: Wa ih rh i Bhang i Wrk in ir ntwikt,

it niht aprhn n wir wig Frht bringn.64. IJ 308/ HA 11: 386: Nn hat ih tt a A n O ar n bkanntn ding,

i nhih Figr, angat, n ih i, n ih ag: Hrr, ih a ih niht, gnt ih nn, n ot ih ih ah ringn.

65. Th rigio angag o th Italienisce Reiseha bn not vr w b Bttnr461. Bt h intrprt it in too haronio a wa an ignor th hang to traitionachritianit it rprnt.

66. IJ 309/ HA 11: 386 .: so ntrnt bin ih jtt von r Wt n an wtihndingn, kot ir rht wnrbar vor, wnn ih in zitng . di Gtat irWt vrght, ih ht ih nr it bhtign, wa bibn Vrhtni in,n o nah r lhr *** in Git rt i ewigkit vrhan.

67. IJ 316/ HA 11: 395: di hohn Kntwrk in gih a i hhtn Natr-wrk von mnhn nah wahrn n natrihn Gtn hrvorgbraht worn. AWikrih, eingbit t an, a it i Notwnigkit, a it Gott.

68. Thror Goth a art ao a on Natr (IJ 306/ HA 11: 383: in witNatr).69. IJ 323/ HA 11: 404: nr n strahn r sonn rrihbar. Hir tritt r Fa

in, a a Gottintih r Knt niht a inn ekt brhnt it, n an nhihn Anbik ahn o.

70. s Ar 716.71. Partiar igniativ in thi ontxt i th hort txtBedeutende Frdernis durc ein

einziges geistreices Wort (Important encouragement troug a single ingenious word). Hirbi bk-nn ih, a ir von jhr i gro n o btn kingn Agab: r k n n i h b t, ir vrhtig vorka, a in lit ghi vrbntr Pritr, in mnhn rh nrrihbar Forrngn vrwirrn n von r Ttigkit ggn

i Anwt inr innrn ahn Bhaihkit vritn wotn. dr mnh knntnr ih bt, inorn r i Wt knnt, i r nr in ih n ih nr in ihr gwahr wir.


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Jr n Ggntan, woh bhat, hit in n Organ in n a. (HA 13: 38)c. HA 9: 401.

72. IJ 331/ HA 11: 413.73. IJ 235/ HA 11: 295.

74. IJ 158 ., 175 . / HA 11: 192 ., 214 .75. IJ 279/ HA 11: 353.76. IJ 33/ HA 11: 36.77. IJ 244/ HA 11: 307: O, n Patron anrn n ir in Vorprah bi

Paa Athn rbittn.78. IJ 86; HA 11: 102: r kathoihn mthoogi.79. IJ 239; HA 11: 300: sbt a r Ri, bt in Gahr, Nigngn rrgn,

i, wnn i ah kin tragih en nhn, oh hrih gng, ghrih nhih wrn knnn; bt in Fa, in inr o gron entrnng von r Hiatabggn Ggntn, Riabntr, lbnvor untrhatng r Ghatit bhatn Farbn aan, von r Jgn r inn Habgott, von gttrn Pr-

onn r inn Ahnir ghatn wrn, anh nvrint Gnt, anhnrwartt Hinrni rahrn; a a gab ir in oh Attahnt an inPan, an in Vorat, a ih arbr inn Anthat Paro, ja n grtnTi inr brign iiianihn Ri vrtrt.

80. IJ 185/ HA 11: 228: dr Pan in draa war i Tag ahr i Wah-bah iih gihn. Goth pak abot working vn in p an ha raing(IJ 185/ HA 11: 227). On th poti rativit o Goth ra . ao IJ 102/ HA 11:123 an HA 10: 80 .

81. IJ 320/ HA 11: 400: so b ih nn gkih, wi ih in bin, wa inVatr it.

82. IJ 279/ HA 11: 353: Bibt in r lib n Gabn an ih.83. IJ 252/ HA 11: 318: Ih tt ihnn vor, a gra in i Agnbik ihr lr-

n n shrin nn, von whn noh ain Rttng hon i, Ohr n Kop vr-wirrtn, o a i wr nkn noh ih ntrinanr vrtnign knntn. Wa hbtrit, ri ih a, khrt in h bt rk n ann wnt r brntig Gbtr mttr Gott, a i gan ain ankot, ob i ih bi ihr sohn vrwnnag, a r r h t, wa r aa r in Apot gtan, a a trnns Tibria i Wn hon in a shi hgn, r Hrr abr hi, r joh, aihn i Trot- n Hfon awktn, ogih Win rhn gbot, wi r jttr lt gbitn kann, ih rgn, wnn anr in hiigr Wi it.

84. c. th iiar paag in th Campagne in Frankreic, HA 10: 200, 217 an in th

Belagerung von Mainz, HA 10: 389 ., whr Goth, worn n o th Frnh rvotion(HA 13: 39), n a rvotionar ro th ob.85. s, .g., IJ 105, 127 ./ HA 11: 127, 156. contrat, .g., HA 9: 288 .86. IJ 253/ HA 11: 319: nn gan tih hwbt ir a Bi a mrian Kp-

rbib vor Agn.87. IJ 253/ HA 11: 320: A ih rh a virtn Tag nrr Fahrt rwaht, ban

ih ih rih n gn.An anaogo qotation an ntiona tranoration oanothr priop an b on in shir Fiesco: H, Psycologie53.

88. IJ 733 ./ HA 10: 343: di Ft warn ir aa nah an haraktritihneinnhitn vokon ggnwrtig, nn ih ging ara a, in Rih Jahr hribn, n Vra gitihr n wtihr ntihkitn; ahr ih nn ah,

ogih jn Ft nah in rinn, irktn einrk artn itan, innkathoihn ron zirk it inn vorghrtn Birn bno rin ah a i


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VITTORIO Hsle 23

Wtkinr it Karnva. (I orrt th engih tranation b Hitnr.)89. IJ 104 . (A saint), 132 (st. Anthon th Abbot), 195 (eatr), 277 (corp chriti),

279 . (saint Ptr an Pa), 427 . (eatr)/ HA 11: 126., 161 ., 241, 350, 353 ., 530 .Goth tiing o hi jorn wa part trin b th ir to b ab to obrv

th tiviti (IJ 104, 269/ HA 11: 126, 342). A w wi , hi na partr ro Roorr ibrat atr eatr.90. IJ 180; HA 11: 221: tig, obgih rwartt, oh nvrhn in gar artig

Kphn a Bon hrvor. [] un a nn a enghn vig hrvortrat, ir in, a tr Kntr i Vrknigng mari ao vortn, a r eng inTrpp hrakt.mariani a th ai who wih Goth goo night witha brning ap in th han (IJ 42/ HA 11: 47) tigr eng inr VrknigngRbranthr sh (124).

91. IJ 181; HA 11: 221 .: Nah i angnhn Abntr pairt ih a mrhin n war ti n vrgngih. da ka ir in gt erhtng br botanihGgntn.

92. IJ 53 ., 213 ./ HA 11: 60, 266 .93. IJ 196/ HA 11: 242: mit bnkih Anti rknigt r ih nah Wiar.

Wi tht nn, agt r, it mann, r, inr zit jng n bhat, abtRgn n hn Wttr aht? Ih hab inn Nan vrgn, gng abr, it rVrar Wrthr.Nah inr kinn Pa, a wnn ih ih bht, rwirtih: di Pron, nah r Ihr eh gig rknigt, bin ih bt!mit ihtbartnzihn ertann hr r rk n ri a: da ih vi vrnrt habn!O

ja! vrtt ih, wihn Wiar n Paro hab ih anh Vrnrng ghabt.94. c. HA 10: 407.95. IJ 381/ HA 11: 475: e pitt ih bi ggn Otrn in epoh . c. ao IJ

383/ HA 11: 47896. IJ 428/ HA 11: 531: di epoh, a i ih hot, hat ih ghon n

grnt.97. IJ 273/ HA 11: 347: Ih war rtant n grhrt, in oh rknntih

Arkakit hat niht ihrgihn. si habn, agt r, ir o vi lib n Gt,a in gan lbn Wirka rigt, a ih Ihnn hir in Gihni anbitn ht,wa ih Ihnn vrank.

98. IJ 124/ HA 11:151 . Th inoprhnion o th Itaian pop or th Northrnrigion o art i ok IJ 129 ,/HA 11: 158 .

99. IJ 126 ./ HA 11: 154 .100. IJ 89/HA 11: 107.

101. IJ 358/ HA 11: 446: dia it chrit ntr donnr n Bitn gbornworn, wir hattn gra mittrnaht in tark Wttr.102. IJ 358/ HA 11: 446: er hat in hiih Karhit r Bgri n in ng-

ih Gt Hrn.103. IJ 358/ HA 11: 447: ti, wah sigkit.104. IJ 358 . (with orrtion o an obvio tpographi rror)/ HA 11: 447: Nn

hat ih wir in ngr Kri ih gogn, i a gt in, a a r h-t n W g , n a it nr a Knnihn, a i bi ir ahatn knnn, ihgn, Fr in inr Ggnwart nn, j hr i nkn n hann a rhtn Wg in. dnn ih bin nbarhrig, na ggn a, i a ihr Wghnrn or irrn n oh r Botn n Rin ghatn wrn won. mit shr

n spott trib ih o ang, bi i ihr lbn nrn or ih von ir hin.105. c. HA 9: 539: in gt Kntwrk kann n wir war oraih Fogn habn,


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abr oraih zwk vo Kntr orrn, hit ih in Hanwrk vrrbn. sao HA 9: 590.

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