HODDINOTT FINE ART PUBLISHERSs3.amazonaws.com/drawspace/pdf/m04.pdfBrenda Hoddinott M-04...

Brenda Hoddinott

M-04 INTERMEDIATE: ANIMALS & FANTASY In this lesson, you first sketch a caricature of a cat named Kitty within a grid of twenty-five squares. You then enhance your shading skills by using mostly curved hatching lines, to add a full range of values to her fur and face.

There’s a method to my madness in having you draw cartoons. First of all, your brain won’t get stuck telling you something is anatomically wrong, because cartoons are not supposed to look real! Secondly, cartoons are fun to draw!

This project is divided into the following two parts:

OUTLINING PROPORTIONS INSIDE A GRID: You first sketch this caricature of “Kitty” within a grid format to help you set up proportions.

ADDING FORM AND TEXTURE WITH HATCHING: In this section, you use raggedy hatching lines to add shading to the fur. Hatching graduations also work well to shade the eyes and nose. The light source in this drawing is from the upper right, so the shading is darker on the left and lower left.

For this project you need good quality white drawing paper, different grades of graphite pencils (such as 2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B), kneaded and vinyl erasers, and a pencil sharpener.

15 PAGES – 25 ILLUSTRATIONS This project is recommended for artists from age 12 to adult, as well as home schooling,

academic and recreational fine art educators.

Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada – 2004 (Revised 2006)

Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott.

E-mail [email protected] Web sites: http://www.drawspace.com http://www.finearteducation.com

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OUTLINING PROPORTIONS INSIDE A GRID Setting up accurate proportions is the foundation of drawing. If the proportions of your subject are off, no amount of beautiful shading or fancy pencil marks can save your drawing.

This caricature of “Kitty” is drawn within a grid format to help you set up proportions.

Don’t press too hard with your pencils! You will need to erase these lines later. No matter how careful you are when you draw with a grid, accidents can still happen.

ILLUSTRATION 04-01

1) Draw a grid that is five squares wide by five squares long. I’ve chosen a square drawing format, 5 by 5 inches with one inch squares. Feel free to do a larger drawing by using larger squares.

Draw your lines very lightly, preferably with your HB mechanical pencil.

If you’re not used to drawing with a grid, you may want to use numbers along the top and letters down the side so as to easily identify each square as you work.

Cats are carnivores (meat eaters), and may become malnourished on a diet of mostly grains, fruits, and/or vegetables. Their long sharp teeth, strong jaws, and claws are designed for hunting. Cats also have exceptionally good hearing and vision. Their eyes adapt so they can see well under dim lighting conditions allowing them to hunt for food at night.

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ILLUSTRATION 04-02 2) With your HB pencil,

draw the circular outlines of the irises using the grid lines as references. When drawing with a grid, you may find it easier to draw only the contents of one square at a time.

Don’t press too hard with your pencil! In reality, my sketch is so faint, it’s barely visible. However, the drawing has been made darker in a computer program. So you can see my lines.

ILLUSTRATION 04-03 3) Draw a v-shape, with

tiny curved lines at the tops, to mark the location of the nose.

Despite popular belief, domestic cats are capable of becoming very social. Most pet cats enjoy the companionship of people, and respond to human speech. Also, cats don’t really think of themselves as little humans; rather they assume that we are big cats!






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ILLUSTRATION 04-04

4) Add a small rounded triangular-shape to the lower inner sections of each eye. These shapes represent the inner corners of the eyes.

ILLUSTRATION 04-05

5) Add a line down the center of the nose (the v-shape).

If you draw some lines in the wrong grid squares, simply erase them, redraw the grid lines, and keep on going!

ILLUSTRATION 04-06

6) Add curved lines on either side of the nose to mark its outer edges. Continue to use an HB pencil, but remember to press lightly. Lightly drawn lines are easy to erase!






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ILLUSTRATION 04-07

7) Draw the long oval-shaped pupils of the eyes with a small c-shape in the upper right of each. The c-shapes look like a tiny bite has been taken from the pupils. They represent small sections of the round highlights, which will be left white to help the eyes look shiny.

ILLUSTRATION 04-08

8) Before you continue, check that everything is in the correct place, and change anything you’re not happy with.

9) With your HB pencil and raggedy hatching lines, sketch the furry outline of the fur on the top of the head.

10) Add a short line to indicate the inner edge of each ear.






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11) Add the outline of the lower section of the cat’s muzzle (below the nose).

12) Sketch the furry outline of the sides of her lower face and chin.

13) Erase the grid lines on your drawing, and redraw the sections of the sketch, which were subsequently erased. When erasing grid lines, use the edge of your vinyl eraser and then very lightly brush away the eraser crumbs with a clean soft paintbrush. Then use your kneaded eraser to gently pat the paper surface, which will pick up any remaining eraser crumbs.

ILLUSTRATION 04-09






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ADDING FORM AND TEXTURE WITH HATCHING In this section, you use raggedy hatching lines to add shading to the fur. Hatching graduations work well to shade the eyes and nose. The light source in this drawing is from the upper right, which means that the shading is darker on the left and lower left.

14) With an HB pencil, outline the outer edges of the upper and lower eyelids. 15) Outline the fur around the perimeter of the head in front of the ear (on the left). 16) Use slightly curved hatching lines for the shading on the inside of the ear.

Note the direction in which the fur grows. Use an HB pencil.

17) Add light values along the perimeter of the head, so it seems to be in front of the ear.

ILLUSTRATION 04-10

18) With a 2B pencil, fill in more medium values and accentuate the darker areas. Examine the close up of a tiny section of shading (below).

19) Mold your kneaded eraser to a thin wedge and pull out (erase) some thin sections of lighter fur.

ILLUSTRATION 04-11

Examine the lightest sections of fur, especially around the perimeter of the head in front of the ear.






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20) Add light and medium shading to the upper section of the head, around the eye on the left, and the area between the eyes with an HB pencil (refer to illustration 04-12).

ILLUSTRATION 04-12

ILLUSTRATION 04-13

21) Use a 2B pencil to add more hatching lines to the medium and dark values. Refer to illustrations 04-13 and 04-14.

ILLUSTRATION 04-14

Take note that some sections of fur are slightly darker than others. These subtle graduations draw attention to the furry textures, and accentuate the three-dimensional under-forms of the cat’s head.






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22) Add light, medium, and dark values to the other ear, the upper section of her head and around the eyes. Watch closely the different directions in which the fur grows. Take your time, and keep your pencils sharpened, so the fur looks fine and soft, rather than coarse.

23) With an HB pencil add light and medium values to the upper and lower eyelids around the iris. The values around the inner and outer edges of the eyelids (sometimes called the rims of the eyes) are darker to help create the illusion of three-dimensional forms.

ILLUSTRATION 04-15

24) Outline a tiny circle as a highlight in the inner corner of each eye.

25) Use a 2B or 4B to add shading to each inner corner. Remember to leave the highlights white.

ILLUSTRATION 04-16 ILLUSTRATION 04-17






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26) With your 2B pencil draw a dark outline around the perimeter of the irises. 27) Shade in each iris with a little dark shading around the outer sections.

Leave a white circular shape for the highlight and a lighter area on the side of the iris opposite the highlight. Note that the shading is darker under the upper eyelid and on the side where the highlight is drawn.

28) Add some thick and thin lines from the edges to the center of the irises to represent the tiny muscles of the eyes.

ILLUSTRATION 04-18

ILLUSTRATION 04-19

29) Finish the fur on this section of the face, darkening some areas with your 2B pencil.

ILLUSTRATION 04-20

30) With your 6B pencil, shade in the pupils.






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31) Draw the fur under her eyes and around the upper section and sides of her nose. Observe the direction of the shading of the fur on the face.

ILLUSTRATION 04-21

32) Add shading to the main section of her nose with your HB pencil. Examine the various sections of the nose very closely.

ILLUSTRATION 04-22

Leave an oval-shaped highlight on the upper section of the nose, and small highlights on the lower section of the nose and the nostril on the right

33) With your 4B, shade in the inner sections of the nostrils.

34) Add dark shading to the lower lip with a 2B.

35) Use an HB to add curved hatching lines to the muzzle fur below the nose.

36) With a 4B add the cast shadow from the nose to the fur on the lower left.






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37) Draw the fur on her lower muzzle and neck. Observe the shading on her neck, which is in shadow under her face on the right. Also note the direction in which the fur is growing.

ILLUSTRATION 04-23

38) With your kneaded eraser shaped to a thin wedge, erase thin lines in her fur for whiskers (refer to the close-up in illustration 04-24).

39) Outline these whiskers lightly with a freshly sharpened HB pencil.

40) Use a 4B to darken the shading closest to the face. Examine this dark fur on the neck in the shadow of the muzzle, which serves to make the whiskers stand out nicely.

ILLUSTRATION 04-24






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41) Draw the fur and whiskers on the other side of her face and neck. 42) Take a few minutes to compare your drawing to mine and fix any areas that you are

not completely happy with.

ILLUSTRATION 04-25

Grab another piece of paper, choose another lesson and draw some more! There are only three ways to improve your drawing skills…practice, practice and more practice!






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BRENDA HODDINOTT - BIOGRAPHY As a self-educated teacher, visual artist, portraitist, forensic artist, and illustrator, Brenda Hoddinott utilizes diverse art media including graphite, technical pen, colored pencil, chalk pastel, charcoal, conté crayon, and oil paints.

My philosophy on teaching art is to focus primarily on the enjoyment aspects while gently introducing the technical and academic. Hence, in creating a passion for the subject matter,

the quest for knowledge also becomes enjoyable. >Brenda Hoddinott<

Born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Brenda grew up in the small town of Corner Brook. She developed strong technical competencies with a personal commitment to self directed learning, and the aid of assorted “Learn to Draw” books. During Brenda’s twenty-five year career as a self-educated civilian forensic artist, numerous criminal investigation departments have employed Brenda’s skills, including Royal Canadian Mounted Police and municipal police departments. In 1992, Brenda was honored with a commendation from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and in 1994, she was awarded a Certificate of Membership from “Forensic Artists International”.

Her home-based art career included graphic design, and teaching recreational drawing and painting classes. As supervisor of her community’s recreational art department, Brenda hired and trained teachers, and designed curriculum for several children’s art programs. In 1998, Brenda chose to end her eighteen-year career as an art educator in order to devote more time to writing, drawing, painting, and developing her websites.

Fine Art Education http://www.finearteducation.com incorporates her unique style and innovative approach to curriculum development. This site offers downloadable and printable drawing classes for students of all abilities from the age of eight through adult. Students of all ages, levels and abilities have praised the simple step-by-step instructional approach. This site is respected as a resource for fine art educators, home schooling programs, and educational facilities throughout the world.

ART PUBLICATIONS BY BRENDA HODDINOTT Drawing for Dummies (2003): Wiley Publishing, Inc., New, York, NY, this 336 page book

is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally.

The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Drawing People (2004): Winner of the Alpha-Penguin Book of the Year Award 2004, Alpha - Pearson Education – Macmillan, Indianapolis, IN, this 360 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally.





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