HOA Session 3

7/30/2019 HOA Session 3

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Architectural Profession


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Architectural Professionduring 19thcentury

First half of 19th century engineers

Second half Architects from England

For specific commissions

To establish practices

First schools of architecture

RIBA and TPI

Indianization of major architectural

firms

Opportunities for practice arose


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Architectural Professionduring 19thcentury

Mid 1930s 50 architecturalpractitioners

Most building designers were mistris

Growth in architectural profession

Development of private architectural

practices

Development of architectural education Formation of professional societies

Indianization of firms and profession


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Formation of Architectural

Firms Anglo Indian Architectural firms Increasing role of architects in PWD

James Ransome (1865-1944)

John Begg (1866-1937)

PWD major architectural firm 1910 dozen private British architectural

firms

World war I return to Britain

New generation of British architectsemigrated to India Claude Batley (1879-1956)

Affected by Political climate in Britain andIndia

Indian architects shaped the profession


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Architectural Education

Engineering schools at Madras, Roorkee andHowrah employees at PWD

First architectural classes @ Bombay School of Art

(Sir J.J) under advice of John Begg

1907architectural draughtsman's certificate course 1908 George Wittet instituted 4 year course for office

assistants in firms

1913 Robert W Cable five year diploma course to

exempt from final examination of RIBA

1920s Sir J.J. School became first institution outsideBritain to be granted recognition by the RIBA

Educational Curriculum Clash between Britain

and Indian requirements


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T h e o b j e c t i n v i e w o f b o t h m y p r e d e c e s s o r s i no f f i c e a n d b y m y s e l f h a s b e e n r a t h e r t o b r i n g o u t

t h e r e a s o n i n g p o w e r s o f i n d i v i d u a l s t u d e n t s , s o

t h a t t h e y m a y u n d e r s t a n d t h e i n n e r m e a n i n g o f

t h e o l d f o r m s a n d t h e i r o r i g i n a l f u n c t io n a n d m a y

d e v e l o p a n d m o d e r n i z e t h e m a n d g r a d u a l l yp ro d u c e a n d a rc h i t e c t u re , I n d i a n i n c h a r a c t e r,

b u t a t t h e s a m e t i m e a s s u i t e d t o p r e s e n t d a y

I n d i a a s t h e o l d s t y l e s w e re t o t h e i r o w n t i m e s

a n d e n v i r o n m e n t

- C l a u d e B a t l e y


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Architectural Schools

Batley attempted to shape Sir J.J accordingly Late 1930s 200 students gained architectural diplomas

30 were members of RIBA

1930 1950s: proprietary schools of architecture

The Architectural Academy

Bombays second school

The Nagpur School

Delhi Polytechnic

The Bengal engineering department

Slow growth but increase in number of architects

Supported by IIA


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Formation of IIA

1917 Sir JJ students asked H Foster King to forma society where architectural issues could be

discussed

Architectural Association Advancement of

architecture and promotion of social intercourseamongst past members of the profession 100

members

Bombay Architectural Association,

1925 - affiliated with RIBA 1929 Formation of IIA 158 members to

represent the interests of architects throughout

India

1940 240 members


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Nationalism and Indianization

PWD

Government of India Act 1935

discouraged Indian clients to hire

wholly British headed architecturalfirms

1920 practicing Indian architects

form Sir JJ


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An Indian is the Municipal Architect in Rangoon Others are acting as advising architects to the

Governments of Bombay, Madras and Punjab,

another is incharge of a very successful scheme on

town planning for his Highness the Nizamdominions.

Over a score are in private practice for

themselves; a group of about a dozen are engaged

under the government in connection with therebuilding of Quetta a third group is in New

Delhi serving the Central Government.


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Despite all these changes, first theimperial and then the international

design ideologies guded the

architectural design thinking well intothe 1970s


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Sir Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944)


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Adapted Indian forms to his ownpurposes

Followed basic thought processes of

advocates of Indo Sarcenic classicalrather than gothic base


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Influence of Lutyens

National Archives, Baroda House, Hyderabad

House

Modern Classical Style adorned with Indian

flourishes

Sloping, continuous overhangs encircling the

entire building with domes and chatris

Plinth emphasized with a projected thickness or

slant

Colour schemes


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Rashtrapathi Bhavan


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Hyderabad House


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Baroda House


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Robert Tor RussellFlagstaff House (teen murti house)


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Henry A N Medd

Cathedral Church ofRedemption, New Delhi


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Municipal Corporation Office in

Bangalore


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Indo Deco


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The city of Delhi the old walled city of Shahjahanabad

the Civil Lines where British civilians and their Indian staff hadlived

the administrative capital of the British empire in India NewDelhi.

To this list must be added the outlying areas, the Delhi ridgeand the localities around the Yamuna, which were home tonumerous villages and small towns that served as theagricultural hinterland for Delhi.

The citys infrastructure - in some places already taxed to itslimit - was simply not prepared for a massive populationincreaseDelhis population went from 700,000 in 1941 tonearly 2.5 million people in 1961. In the absence of sufficienthousing, refugee camps sprang up all over the city. As anemergency measure, the government set up the Ministry forRelief and Rehabilitation, which had as its primary taskhousing the immigrants, and then absorbing them in viable

occupations.


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Book Review

Book Name

Author name

Publisher name

Description

Key Features

Review


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Delhi Post Independence Challenges

The unprecedented refugee influx from WestPakistan

it is estimated that 15 million people crossed both ways

post-1947

north Indias population underwent a sudden, substantialincrease

Most of them settled in and around the state of

Punjab, with a smaller number fanning out to other

parts of India notably the Terai region in Uttar

Pradesh.

most part belonging to prosperous communities in

West Punjab found themselves without jobs,

homes and food.

the refugees rebuilt their lives from scratch

HOA Session 3

Documents

Transcript of HOA Session 3