H&M DISCHARGE DATA REPORT - Sustainability...
Transcript of H&M DISCHARGE DATA REPORT - Sustainability...
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H&M
DISCHARGE DATA REPORT
February 2014
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Table of Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2
II. Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 3
III. Methodology .................................................................................................................. 3
IV. Results and Discussion ................................................................................................ 4
Hazardous chemicals detected in incoming and discharged water samples .................. 4 4.1
Comparison of the quantity of detected chemicals in discharge waste water with local 4.2
legislation .................................................................................................................................... 8
Disclosure of discharge data to Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE) 4.3
platform ..................................................................................................................................... 10
IV. Conclusion and action plan ...........................................................................................10
V. References .....................................................................................................................11
Appendix A: List of Analytes .....................................................................................................12
Appendix B: Standard procedure for environmental sampling ...................................................16
Appendix C: Number of factories that the restricted analytes detected in water samples ..........17
Appendix D: Highest detected concentration of analytes in incoming water in different
countries ...................................................................................................................................18
Appendix E: Possible sources of detected chemicals in manufacturing processes. ..................19
Contact Details: ......................................................................................................................20
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I. Introduction
H&M is highly concerned about protection of environment and health. In 2011, H&M, together with
several Apparels and Footwear brands, formed the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC)
group, which aims to lead industry to achieve zero-discharge of hazardous chemicals during
manufacturing by 2020.
In 2012, H&M performed the Benchmark study, which provided a snapshot on the situation of
hazardous chemicals discharge in manufacturing. In the study, discharged wastewater and incoming
water of 11 factories in three countries, China, India, and Bangladesh, were tested for 93 analytes
corresponding to 11 hazardous chemical groups. Among these hazardous chemical groups, five
chemical groups were detected in discharged wastewater. However, most detected chemical groups
in discharge wastewater were also detected in incoming water, indicating that the chemicals found in
discharged wastewater were mainly originated from environmental background instead of
manufacturing. These results reflected the restrictive chemical control in supply chain of H&M, but at
the same time revealed that the presence of hazardous chemicals in environmental background
imposes significant challenge in complete elimination of hazardous chemicals in discharged
wastewater. After the benchmark study, H&M has increased the restriction in chemical discharge by
expanding the Manufacturing Restricted List (MRSL)1 from 17 to 139 chemical substances. Besides,
H&M is working closely with stakeholders to drive towards the goal of zero-discharge.
In 2013, H&M continues to pay significant effort to achieve complete elimination of hazardous
chemicals in supply chain. Following the benchmark study in last year, H&M carried out a further
comprehensive study to investigate the discharge of hazardous chemicals during manufacturing. This
study was of an expanded scale, in which discharged wastewater and incoming water of 34 factories
in five production countries, China, Cambodia, Bangladesh, India and Indonesia, were tested for 121
analytes2
corresponding to the 11 hazardous chemical groups. In addition, H&M understands the
responsibility and importance in increasing the transparency of hazardous chemicals discharge to
public. The discharge data collected in this study was disclosed in a public online platform, the
Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE) (www.ipe.org.cn).
In this report, the results for the study of hazardous chemicals discharge are presented and action
plans to drive towards the goal of zero-discharge are discussed. Besides, the workflow for disclosure
of data to the IPE platform is introduced.
1 H&M Manufacturing Restricted List (MRSL)
https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hm/about/documents/masterlanguage/CSR/Policies/HM%20Chemical%20Re
strictions%20May%202013_Final%20w%20front.pdf
2 The list of analytes are shown in Appendix A.
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II. Objectives
To conduct a further comprehensive study on discharge of hazardous chemicals in manufacturing
and develop action plans to drive towards zero-discharge.
III. Methodology
The study was conducted on 34 factories from five major production countries, (i) China (10 units), (ii)
Cambodia (3 units), (iii) Bangladesh (17 units), (iv) India (2 units) and (v) Indonesia (2 units). (Figure1)
Chemical tests were performed by Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Service Ltd (BVCPs). The
collection of environmental samples was carried out according to international standards as listed in
Appendix B. Particularly, the environmental samples were collected in the period between 2.00-5.00
pm, during which the factories operated under normal load. The collected samples were sent to local
testing laboratories of BVCPs for chemical tests.
Figure 1. Number of factories in different countries included in the present study
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IV. Results and Discussion
Hazardous chemicals detected in incoming and discharged water 4.1
samples
Number of hazardous chemical detected in discharged wastewater and incoming water
The discharged wastewater and incoming water of factories were tested for a total of 121
hazardous chemical analytes1. Among these hazardous chemicals, 33 (27.3%) chemicals were
detected in discharged wastewater and 20 out of the 33 detected chemicals were also detected in
incoming water (Figure 2). These data indicated that incoming water was one of major source
contributing to the hazardous chemicals detected in discharged wastewater.
*The detected analytes is shown in Appendix C
Chemical groups detected in discharged wastewater and incoming water
Chlorophenols, Flame Retardants and Perfluorinated compounds were not detected in both
wastewater and incoming water samples (Table 1). The 33 hazardous chemicals detected in
discharged wastewater belong to 8 chemical groups, 1) APEO, 2) Azo Dyes, 3) Chlorinated
33 (27%)
88 (73%)
20 (16%)
Figure 2. Numbers of detected and non-detected analytes in water
samples
No. of anayltes detected in
waste water
No. of anayltes not -detected
in waste water
No. of anayltes detected in
incoming water
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solvents, 4) Chlorobenzenes, 5) Organotin, 6) Phthalates, 7) Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins
(SCCPs) and 8) Heavy metals. Among the eight chemical groups detected, five of which, APEO,
Chlorobenzenes, Chlorinated solvents, Heavy metals and Phthalates, were also detected in
incoming water samples (Table 1). However, Azo dyes, SCCPs and Organotin were not detected
in incoming water, indicating that these three chemical groups could be originated from
manufacturing processes. As shown in figure 3, Chlorobenzenes, Heavy metals and Phthalates
were three major chemical groups detected in discharged wastewater.
*Common sources of various hazardous chemicals in manufacturing are shown in Appendix E.
Table 1. List of detected and non-detected chemical groups in incoming and discharged waste
water samples.
Remarks:
√: Chemical analytes detected in water samples
X: Chemical analytes not detected in water samples
Restricted Chemical Groups
Incoming
Water
Discharged Waste
Water
1. Alkylphenols (APs) & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
(APEOs)
√ √
2. Aromatic Amines in Azo Dyes x √
3. Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants x x
4. Chlorinated solvents √ √
5. Chlorobenzenes √ √
6. Chlorophenols x x
7. Organotin x √
8. Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) x x
9. Phthalates √ √
10. Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) x √
11. Total heavy metal, except Chromium VI (Cr VI) √ √
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Hazardous chemical groups detected in factories from different countries
The discharge of hazardous chemical groups in factories from different countries is depicted in
Table 2. In China and Indonesia, most chemical groups detected in discharged wastewater were
also detected in significant quantity in incoming water3, indicating that most hazardous chemicals
detected in discharge wastewater could be originated from incoming water and the environmental
water source in these two countries was more polluted. In Bangladesh and Cambodia, most
detected chemical groups in discharged wastewater were not from incoming water3, therefore
3 The highest concentration of detected analytes in incoming water listed in Appendix D.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
APEO Azo Chlorinate
d Solvents
Chloroben
zenes
Heavy
metals
Organotin Phthalate
s
SCCPs
Incoming water 3 0 1 6 34 0 12 0
Waste water 6 2 3 10 34 3 11 7
No
. o
f fa
cto
rie
s
Figure3. Number of factories with restricted chemicals detected in water samples
Incoming water
Waste water
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generation of hazardous chemicals during manufacturing in these two countries needs particular
concerns. Among the hazardous chemicals tested, Chlorobenzenes and Heavy metals were
detected in all the five countries, showing the wide distribution of these two chemical groups in
manufacturing and environment and the challenge in elimination of these two chemical groups.
Table 2. Restricted chemical groups detected in different countries
Countries
Chemical Groups Ba
ng
lad
esh
Ch
ina
Ca
mb
od
ia
Ind
ia
Ind
on
esi
a
1. Azo dyes
2. APs & APEOs
3. Chlorinated Solvents
4. Heavy metals (except Cr VI)
5. Chlorobenzenes
6. Organotin
7. Phthalates
8. SCCPs
Chemicals were detected in incoming water samples only
Chemicals were detected in discharged waste water samples only
Chemicals were not detected in both incoming and discharged waste water samples
Chemicals were detected in both incoming and discharged waste water samples
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Comparison of the quantity of detected chemicals in discharge waste 4.2
water with local legislation
In this part, the quantity of detected chemicals in discharged wastewater is compared with the
local legislation limits of waste water in the five countries involved, which indicate the impacts of
hazardous chemicals to environment and health. Legislation limits for three chemical groups,
including 1) Chlorinated solvents, 2) Chlorobenzenes and 3) Heavy metals, were compared here
as only the legislation limits of these chemicals groups were available (Table 3). Different
countries have different restriction level for these hazardous chemicals in wastewater. In
Indonesia, only and Chromium (Cr) is restricted, while in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and India, more
chemicals are restricted (Table 3).
The highest detected concentration of each analytes in this study was applied for the comparison
with local wastewater discharged legislation limits. As shown in Table 3, the concentrations of all
hazardous chemicals detected in this study were lower than the corresponding legislation limits,
therefore fulfilled the relevant country legislations that listed in reference section.
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Table 3. Comparison of the highest detected concentration of analytes in discharged waste water with
corresponding local legislation
Chemicals
Bangladesh China Cambodia India Indonesia
Limit Detected Limit Detected Limit Detected Limit Detected Limit Detected
Arsenic, As 0.2 0.003 0.5 0.005 1 0.008 0.2 0.003 NA 0.002
Cadmium, Cd 0.05 0 0.1 0.002 0.5 0.003 2 0 NA 0.002
Cyanide, CN-
0.1 0.036 NA 0 NA 0 0.2 0 NA NA
Chromium, Cr 0.5 0.204 1.5 0.007 NA 0 2 0.036 1 0.004
Chromium VI 0.1 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 0.1 0 NA 0
Copper, Cu 0.5 0.048 0.5 0.0873* 1 0.016 3 0.084 NA 0.137
Mercury, Hg 0.01 0 0.05 0 0.05 0.0001 0.01 0 NA 0.001
Manganese,
Mn
5 1.59 NA 2.68 NA 0 2 0.114 NA 0.293
Nickel, Ni 1 0.118 1.0 0.004 1 0.024 3 0.09 NA 0.017
Lead, Pb 0.1 0.01 1.0 0.01 1 0.167 0.1 0.067 NA 0.041
Antimony, Sb NA 0.03 NA 0.067 NA 0.003 NA 0.008 NA 0.021
Zinc, Zn 5 0.217 NA 0.391 3 0.133 5 1.057 NA 0.14
Trichlorobenze
ne (sum)
NA 0.0001 NA 0 2 0.001 NA 0 NA 0.0003
Hexachloro-
benzene
NA 0 NA 0 2 0 NA 0 NA 0
1,2 Dichloro-
ethylene
NA 0 NA 0 2.5 0 NA 0 NA 0
Trichloro-
ethylene
NA 0 NA 0 1 0 NA 0 NA 0
Chloroform NA 1.01 NA 0 1 0 NA 0 NA 0
*This is the second highest data among China units. The highest data was obtained from wastewater collected for
further processing, but not directly discharged to environment. Thus, this data is not use for comparison.
Units: parts per million (ppm)
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Disclosure of discharge data to Institute of Public and Environmental 4.3
Affairs (IPE) platform
Each factory unit was required to fill in the chemical test data into a data form issued by IPE. The
filled data form was sent to BVCPs for cross-check and finally uploaded to the IPE platform by
factories. All discharged results of 34 production units are now available in IPE platform:
http://www.ipe.org.cn/En/pollution/discharge_detox.aspx. The uploaded data is freely accessible
by public.
IV. Conclusion and action plan
This study provided a comprehensive picture on discharge of hazardous chemicals in
manufacturing of H&M. Among the 11 chemical groups (121 chemical analytes) tested, 8
chemical groups (33 chemical analytes) were found in discharged wastewater. In coherent with
the benchmark study performed in last year, many chemicals detected in discharged wastewater
could be originated from incoming water. However, some chemical groups, including Azo dyes,
Organotin, and SCCPs, were only detected in discharged wastewater but not in incoming water,
indicating that these chemicals groups could be produced from manufacturing. And, the quantities
of all detected hazardous chemicals in these units were lower than the legislation limits of the
corresponding countries.
H&M will continue to pay every effort in elimination of hazardous chemicals from supply chain. In
order to prevent the use of hazardous chemicals during manufacturing, we will work closely with
our suppliers to work out good chemical management systems and keep close monitoring on the
implementation of the systems. We will keep updating our MRSL to increase the
comprehensiveness of the zero-discharge scheme. We will further enhance the transparency of
hazardous chemical discharge to public by encouraging more factories to disclose their chemical
discharge data.
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V. References
1. The Environment Conservation Rules, 1997
2. Official Journal of the European Union, Directive 2008/105/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council
3. Discharge standard of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry,
GB4287-2012
4. Integrated wastewater discharge standard GB8978-1996
5. The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986
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Appendix A: List of Analytes
No. Chemical Groups Name of Analytes CAS-No.
1
Phthalates
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) 85-68-7
2 Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 84-74-2
3 Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) 117-81-7
4 Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) 117-84-0
5 Di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) 28553-12-0 & 68515-48-
0
6 Di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP) 26761-40-0 & 68515-49-
1
7 Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) 131-11-3
8 Diethyl phthalate (DEP) 84-66-2
9 Di-n-propyl phthalate (DPRP) 131-16-8
10 Di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP) 84-69-5
11 Di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) 84-61-7
12 Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP) 84-75-3
13 Dinonyl phthalate (DNP) 84-76-4
14 Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP) 27554-26-3
15 Dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) 117-82-8
16
Brominated Flame Retardants
Polybromobiphenyls (PBBs) Various
17 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TRIS) 126-72-7
18 Polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Various
19 Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) 79-94-7
20 Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate 5412-25-9
21 Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) 3194-55-6
22 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (BBMP) 3296-90-0
23 Chlorinated Flame Retardants
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) 115-96-8
24 Tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCP) 13674-87-8
25
Aromatic Amines in Azo Colorants
4-Aminodiphenyl (Biphenyl-4-ylamine or Xenylamine)
92-67-1
26 Benzidine 92-87-5
27 4-Chloro-o-toluidine 95-69-2
28 2-Naphthylamine 91-59-8
29 o-Aminoazotoluene (4-Amino-2`,3-dimethylazobenzne or 4-o-tolyazo-o-toluidine)
97-56-3
30 5-nitro-o-toluidine (2-Amino-4-nitrotoluene) 99-55-8
31 4-Chloroaniline (p-Chloroaniline) 106-47-8
32 4-Methoxy-m-phenylenediamine (2,4-Diaminoanisole)
615-05-4
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No. Chemical Groups Name of Analytes CAS-No.
33
Aromatic Amines in Azo Colorants
4,4`-Diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4`-Methylenedianiline)
101-77-9
34 3,3`-Dichlorobenzidine (3,3`-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4`-ylenediamine)
91-94-1
35 3,3`-Dimethoxybenzidine (o-Dianisidine) 119-90-4
36 3,3`-Dimethylbenzidine (4,4`-Bi-o-tolidine) 119-93-7
37 4,4`-Methylenedi-o-toluidine (3,3`-Dimethyl- 4,4`-diaminodiphenylmethane)
838-88-0
38 p-Cresidine (6-Methoxy-m-toluidine) 120-71-8
39 4,4`-Methylene-bis-(2-chloraniline) (2,2`-Dichloro-4,4`-methylene-dianiline)
101-14-4
40 4,4`-Oxydianiline 101-80-4
41 4,4`-Thiodianiline 139-65-1
42 o-Toluidine (2-Aminotoluene) 95-53-4
43 4-Methyl-m-phenylenediamine (2,4-Toluenediamine)
95-80-7
44 2,4,5-Trimethylaniline 137-17-7
45 o-Anisidine (2-Methoxyaniline) 90-04-0
46 4-Aminoazobenzene (p-Aminoazobenzene) 60-09-3
47 2,4-Xylidine (2,4-dimethylaniline) 95-68-1
48 2,6-Xylidine (2,6-dimethylaniline) 87-62-7
49 Aniline 62-53-3
50
Organotin Compounds
Monobutyltin (MBT)
Various
51 Dibutyltin (DBT)
52 Dioctyltin (DOT)
53 Tributyltin (TBT)
54 Triphenyltin (TPhT)
55 Tricyclohexyltin (TCyHT)
56 Trioctyltin (TOT)
57 Tripropyltin (TPT)
58
Chlorobenzenes
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7
59 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1
60 1,3-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1, 106-46-7
61 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87-61-6
62 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1
63 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene 108-70-3
64 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 634-66-2
65 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
634-90-2, 95-94-3
66 Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5
67 Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1
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No. Chemical Groups Name of Analytes CAS-No.
68
Chlorinated Solvents
1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2
69 1,1-Dichloroethylene 75-35-4
70 Methylene Chloride 75-09-2
71 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 156-59-2
72 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 156-60-5
73 Chloroform 67-66-3
74 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6
75 Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5
76 Trichloroethylene 79-01-6
77 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5
78 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 630-20-6
79 Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4
80
Chlorophenols
Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5
81 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol 4901-51-3
82 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 58-90-2
83 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol 935-95-5
84 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 88-06-2
85 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol 933-78-8
86 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 95-95-4
87 3,4,5-Trichlorophenol 609-19-8
88 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol 15950-66-0
89 2,3-Dichlorophenol 576-24-9
90 3,4-Dichlorophenol 95-77-2
91 2,4-Dichlorophenol 120-83-2,
92 2,5-Dichlorophenol 583-78-8,
93 2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0,
94 3,5-Dichlorophenol 591-35-5
95 2-Chlorophenol 95-57-8
96 3-Chlorophenol 108-43-0
97 4-Chlorophenol 106-48-9
98 Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins
Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins 85535-84-8
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No. Chemical Groups Name of Analytes CAS-No.
99
Heavy Metals
Arsenic (As)
Various
100 Cadmium (Cd)
101 Mercury (Hg)
102 Lead (Pb)
103 Antimony (Sb)
104 Cobalt (Co)
105 Nickel (Ni)
106 Copper (Cu)
107 Zinc (Zn)
108 Chromium (Cr)
109 Manganese (Mn)
110 Chromium VI (Cr VI)
111 Cyanide (CN)
112
Alkylphenols & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
Octylphenol (OP)
Various 113 Octylphenolethoxylates (OPEOs)
114 Nonylphenol (NP)
115 Nonylphenolethoxylates (NPEOs)
116
Perfluorinated Chemicals
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 335-67-1
117 Perfluorooctane sulphonates (PFOS) 2795-39-3
118 Perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA) 307-24-4 6
119 Perfluorohexane sulphonates (PFHxS) 3871-99-6
120 Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) 375-22-4
121 Perfluorobutane sulphonates (PFBS) 29420-49-3
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Appendix B: Standard procedure for environmental sampling
1) US EPA Guidelines – Regulatory monitoring and testing Water and wastewater sampling
2) Australia EPA (Victoria) Guideline – Sampling and Analysis of Waters, Wastewaters, Soils and Wastes.
3) ISO 5667-3, Water Quality – Sampling – Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water samples
4) ASTM D3976-92 (Reapproved 2010) – Standard Practice for preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis.
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Ap
pe
nd
ix C
: N
um
be
r o
f fa
cto
rie
s t
ha
t th
e r
es
tric
ted
an
aly
tes
de
tec
ted
in
wa
ter
sa
mp
les
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Appendix D: Highest detected concentration of analytes in incoming water in
different countries Analytes Bangladesh China Cambodia India Indonesia
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)
ND ND ND ND 0.002
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
ND ND 0.001 ND ND
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
ND 0.0108 0.003 ND ND
Di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP)
ND 0.0034 0.001 ND ND
Chlorobenzene ND 0.00117 ND ND ND
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ND ND ND ND 0.00034
Methylene Chloride ND ND ND ND 0.272
Total Arsenic (As)
0.0013 0.00297 0.003 0.0017 0.004
Total Cadmium (Cd)
ND 0.00604 0.0004 0.0002 0.0004
Total Mercury (Hg)
ND ND 0.0006 ND 0.00025
Total Lead (Pb)
0.0067 0.00203 0.0132 0.0289 0.01
Total Antimony (Sb)
0.0011 0.0032 0.0138 ND 0.076
Total Cobalt (Co)
ND 0.00233 0.0033 ND 0.002
Total Nickel (Ni)
ND 0.0311 0.0606 0.0326 0.02
Total Copper (Cu)
0.0383 0.151 0.0108 0.0535 0.136
Total Zinc (Zn)
0.3846 0.504 0.342 0.47606 0.117
Total Chromium (Cr)
0.011 0.0297 ND ND 0.006
Total Manganese (Mn)
1.3754 0.376 ND 0.1102 0.474
Nonylphenol (NP)
ND 0.00212 ND ND 0.002
Nonylphenolethoxylates (NPEOs)
ND ND ND ND 0.015
Remarks:
ND: Not detected
Units: parts per million (ppm)
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Appendix E: Possible sources of detected chemicals in manufacturing
processes.4
Detected chemicals in discharged waste water
Possible sources
Azo Dyes 1) Used as colorants in dyes and pigments, such as Acid Dyes ,
Basic Dyes , Pigments, Reactive Dyes, Direct Dyes & Disperse
Dyes.
2) Act as polyurethane based cross linker/emulsions (2,4-
toulenediamine /4-methyl-m-phenylenediamine).
Heavy Metals 1) Present in metals or alloys, such as metal pipings in factory for
transporting raw water.
2) Present in metal complex dyestuffs, Fluro pigments, paints, & dye-
fixing agents.
3) The chemicals used in analysis for in house chemical tests, i.e.,
titrations (Mercuric sulphate / chloride, Potassium Dichromate)
4) Impurities from metal salts used in Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
and other activities
Alkylphenols (APs) & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs)
1) Used in manufacturing of detergents, example soaping of dyed/
printed fabrics.
2) Used as emulsifying agent in pigment preparations and colorant
preparations
Chlorobenzenes 1) Used as solvent in dye industry, disinfectant, household toilet and
floor cleaners.
Chlorinated Solvents 1) Used in scouring
2) As Carriers for Disperse Dyeing
3) Removal of oil in machine / garments
4 The possible sources of each detected chemical groups listed in table are not claimed to be complete.
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Organotin Compounds 1) Mainly used as antifouling agents in liquid pigments or as a
fungicide.
Phthalates
1) Generally used as softener for plastics (plasticizers).
2) Present in print paste, plastisol ink, table gums for positional
printing.
3) Present in adhesives
Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs)
1) Commonly present in oil based chemicals, e.g spinning /knitting
oil, de-dusting oils, or other types of industrial oils.
2) Present in spot removers, degreasing chemicals for printing mesh
cleaning / machinery, printing chemicals, & table gums.
Contact Detail:
H&M Hennes & Mauritz
AB:
Anna Eriksson