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A NEW GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP:ERADICATE POVERTY AND TRANSFORMECONOMIES THROUGH SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

The Report o the High-Level Panel o Eminent Persons onthe Post-2015 Development Agenda

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A NEW GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP:ERADICATE POVERTY AND TRANSFORM ECONOMIES THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Copyright 2013 United NationsAll rights reserved.All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to:

United Nations Publications, 300 E 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017email: publications@un.orgweb: un.org/publications

Disclaimer: The members o the Panel may not be in ull agreement with every specic point and detail o thereport, but they all endorse the report.

Produced by bocoup

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Dr Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Ellen Johnson Sirlea David Cameron

LETTER FROM THE CO-CHAIRS OF THE HIGH-LEVEL PANEL OF EMINENTPERSONS ON THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

30 May 2013

Secretary-General,

In July 2012 you tasked us with jointly chairing a twenty-seven person panel to make recommendationsto you on the development agenda beyond 2015. We hope that you will nd our resultant report bothbold and practical. We have consulted extensively, in every region and across many sectors, includinglistening to the voices and priorities o people living in poverty themselves. We are very grateul or thevaluable support provided to us by the Panels secretariat led by Dr Homi Kharas and have benetedgreatly rom the regional, national and thematic consultations organised by the UN System and memberstates.

Our panel conducted its work in a very positive spirit o cooperation. Through passionate and vigorousdebate we have learnt much rom each other. We transmit our recommendations to you with a eeling ogreat optimism that a transormation to end poverty through sustainable development is possible withinour generation. We outline ve transormational shits, applicable to both developed and developingcountries alike, including a new Global Partnership as the basis or a single, universal post-2015 agendathat will deliver this vision or the sake o humanity.

Our report provides an example o how new goals and measurable targets could be ramed in thewake o these transormative shits. This list is illustrative rather than prescriptive. While views naturallydiered within the panel on the exact wording o particular illustrative goals or targets we agreed that ourreport would be ound wanting without a collective attempt to demonstrate how a simple clear agendabuilding on the MDGs and the Rio+20 process might be elaborated. We hope it will stimulate debate

over the prioritisation that will be needed i the international community is to agree a new developmentramework beore the expiry o the Millennium Development Goals.

Yours sincerely,

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ACkNOWLEDGEMENTS

The members o the Secretary-Generals High-Level Panel O Eminent Persons On The

Post-2015 Development Agenda wish to extend their deepest appreciation to thegovernments, organisations, institutions, United Nations entities and individuals whoprovided valuable perspectives, ideas and support throughout the course o the Panelswork.

The Panel extends its sincere gratitude or nancial and in-kind contributions receivedrom the governments o Colombia, Denmark, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Liberia,Mexico, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States o America,and rom the Ford Foundation, Havas, and the Hewlett Foundation.

The deliberations o the Panel were inormed by the broad consultative processconducted by the United Nations, as directed by the Secretary-General in our termso reerence. This includes national and global thematic consultations under the aegiso the United Nations Development Group (UNDG), regional consultations undertaken

by the Regional Commissions, consultations with businesses around the world underthe guidance o the UN Global Compact, and the views o the scientic and academiccommunity as conveyed through the Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Weare grateul or the perspective these extensive consultations provided.

The Panel also wishes to thank people rom more than 5000 civil society organisationsand 250 chie executive ocers o major corporations who shared their valuable ideasand views during a series o consultations, both in person and online.

We are grateul to all those who submitted policy bries, research and inputs to theprocess, the ull list o which appears at www.post2015hlp.org.

Panel members wish to express their sincere appreciation or the dedication andintellectual rigour o the Panel secretariat (listed in Annex VI), led by Dr. Homi Kharas, andto the institutions which have released them to undertake the work o supporting thePanel. They extend their appreciation to their advisers or their support and dedicationthroughout the reports development.

All o these contributions and support are grateully acknowledged and warmly

appreciated.

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Our vision and our responsibility are to end extreme poverty in all its orms in the context

o sustainable development and to have in place the building blocks o sustained prosperity

or all.i

The Panel came together with a sense o optimism and a deep respect or the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs). The 13 years since the millennium have seen the astestreduction in poverty in human history: there are hal a billion ewer people living belowan international poverty line o $1.25 a day. Child death rates have allen by more than30%, with about three million childrens lives saved each year compared to 2000. Deathsrom malaria have allen by one quarter. This unprecedented progress has been drivenby a combination o economic growth, better policies, and the global commitment tothe MDGs, which set out an inspirational rallying cry or the whole world.

Given this remarkable success, it would be a mistake to simply tear up the MDGs andstart rom scratch. As world leaders agreed at Rio in 2012, new goals and targets needto be grounded in respect or universal human rights, and nish the job that the MDGsstarted. Central to this is eradicating etreme poverty rom the ace o the earth by

2030. This is something that leaders have promised time and again throughout history.Today, it can actually be done.

So a new development agenda should carry orward the spirit o the MillenniumDeclaration and the best o the MDGs, with a practical ocus on things like poverty,hunger, water, sanitation, education and healthcare. But to ull our vision o promotingsustainable development, we must go beyond the MDGs. They did not ocus enough onreaching the very poorest and most excluded people. They were silent on the devastatingeects o conict and violence on development. The importance to development ogood governance and institutions that guarantee the rule o law, ree speech and openand accountable government was not included, nor the need or inclusive growth toprovide jobs. Most seriously, the MDGs ell short by not integrating the economic, social,and environmental aspects o sustainable development as envisaged in the MillenniumDeclaration, and by not addressing the need to promote sustainable patterns o

consumption and production. The result was that environment and development werenever properly brought together. People were working hard but oten separately oninterlinked problems.

So the Panel asked some simple questions: starting with the current MDGs, what to keep,what to amend, and what to add. In trying to answer these questions, we listened to theviews o women and men, young people, parliamentarians, civil society organisations,indigenous people and local communities, migrants, experts, business, trade unionsand governments. Most important, we listened directly to the voices o hundreds othousands o people rom all over the world, in ace-to-ace meetings as well as throughsurveys, community interviews, and polling over mobile phones and the internet.We considered the massive changes in the world since the year 2000 and the changesthat are likely to unold by 2030. There are a billion more people today, with worldpopulation at seven billion, and another billion expected by 2030. More than hal ous now live in cities. Private investment in developing countries now dwars aid ows.The number o mobile phone subscriptions has risen rom ewer than one billion tomore than six billion. Thanks to the internet, seeking business or inormation on theother side o the world is now routine or many. Yet inequality remains and opportunityis not open to all. The 1.2 billion poorest people account or only 1 per cent o worldconsumption while the billion richest consume 72 per cent.

Above all, there is one trend climate change which will determine whether or notwe can deliver on our ambitions. Scientic evidence o the direct threat rom climatechange has mounted. The stresses o unsustainable production and consumption

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patterns have become clear, in areas like deorestation,water scarcity, ood waste, and high carbon emissions.Losses rom natural disastersincluding drought, oods,and storms have increased at an alarming rate. People

living in poverty will suer rst and worst rom climatechange. The cost o taking action now will be much lessthan the cost o dealing with the consequences later.

Thinking about and debating these trends and issuestogether, the Panellists have been on a journey.

At our rst meeting in New York, the Secretary Generalcharged us with producing a bold yet practical vision ordevelopment beyond 2015.

In London, we discussed household poverty: the dailyreality o lie on the margins o survival. We consideredthe many dimensions o poverty, including health,

education and livelihoods, as well as the demandsor more justice, better accountability, and an end toviolence against women. We also heard inspiring storieso how individuals and communities have worked theirway to prosperity.

In Monrovia, we talked about economic transormationand the building blocks needed or growth that deliverssocial inclusion and respects the environment: how toharness the ingenuity and dynamism o business orsustainable development. And we saw with our owneyes the extraordinary progress that can be made whena country once ravaged by conict is able to build peaceand security.

In Bali, we agreed on the central importance o a newspirit to guide a global partnership or a people-centredand planet-sensitive agenda, based on the principle oour common humanity. We agreed to push developedcountries to ull their side o the bargain by honouringtheir aid commitments, but also reorming their trade,tax and transparency policies, by paying more attentionto better regulating global nancial and commoditymarkets and by leading the way towards sustainabledevelopment. We agreed that developing countrieshave done much to nance their own development, andwill be able to do more as incomes rise. We also agreedon the need to manage the worlds consumption and

production patterns in more sustainable and equitableways. Above all, we agreed that a new vision must beuniversal: oering hope but also responsibilities toeveryone in the world.

These meetings and consultations let us energized,inspired and convinced o the need or a newparadigm. In our view, business-as-usual is not anoption. We concluded that the post-2015 agenda is auniversal agenda. It needs to be driven by ve big,transormative shits:

1. Leave no one behind. We must keep aith with theoriginal promise o the MDGs, and now nish the job.Ater 2015 we should move rom reducing to endingextreme poverty, in all its orms. We should ensure that

no person regardless o ethnicity, gender, geography,disability, race or other status is denied universalhuman rights and basic economic opportunities. Weshould design goals that ocus on reaching excludedgroups, or example by making sure we track progress atall levels o income, and by providing social protectionto help people build resilience to lies uncertainties.We can be the rst generation in human history to endhunger and ensure that every person achieves a basicstandard o wellbeing. There can be no excuses. This is auniversal agenda, or which everyone must accept theirproper share o responsibility.

2. Put sustainable development at the core. For

twenty years, the international community has aspiredto integrate the social, economic, and environmentaldimensions o sustainability, but no country has yetachieved this. We must act now to halt the alarmingpace o climate change and environmental degradation,which pose unprecedented threats to humanity.We must bring about more social inclusion. This isa universal challenge, or every country and everyperson on earth. This will require structural change,with new solutions, and will oer new opportunities.Developed countries have a special role to play,ostering new technologies and making the astestprogress in reducing unsustainable consumption. Manyo the worlds largest companies are already leading

this transormation to a green economy in the contexto sustainable development and poverty eradication.Only by mobilizing social, economic and environmentalaction together can we eradicate poverty irreversiblyand meet the aspirations o eight billion people in 2030.

3. Transorm economies or jobs and inclusivegrowth.We call or a quantum leap orward in economicopportunities and a proound economic transormationto end extreme poverty and improve livelihoods.This means a rapid shit to sustainable patterns oconsumption and production--harnessing innovation,technology, and the potential o private business tocreate more value and drive sustainable and inclusive

growth. Diversied economies, with equal opportunitiesor all, can unleash the dynamism that creates jobs andlivelihoods, especially or young people and women.This is a challenge or every country on earth: to ensuregood job possibilities while moving to the sustainablepatterns o work and lie that will be necessary in aworld o limited natural resources. We should ensurethat everyone has what they need to grow and prosper,including access to quality education and skills,healthcare, clean water, electricity, telecommunicationsand transport. We should make it easier or people to

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invest, start-up a business and to trade. And we can domore to take advantage o rapid urbanisation: cities arethe worlds engines or business and innovation. Withgood management they can provide jobs, hope and

growth, while building sustainability.

4. Build peace and eective, open and accountableinstitutions or all. Freedom rom ear, conict andviolence is the most undamental human right, andthe essential oundation or building peaceul andprosperous societies. At the same time, people theworld over expect their governments to be honest,accountable, and responsive to their needs. We arecalling or a undamental shit to recognize peaceand good governance as core elements o wellbeing,not optional extras. This is a universal agenda, or allcountries. Responsive and legitimate institutions shouldencourage the rule o law, property rights, reedom o

speech and the media, open political choice, accessto justice, and accountable government and publicinstitutions. We need a transparency revolution, socitizens can see exactly where and how taxes, aid andrevenues rom extractive industries are spent. These areends as well as means.

5. Forge a new global partnership. Perhaps the mostimportant transormative shit is towards a new spirito solidarity, cooperation, and mutual accountabilitythat must underpin the post-2015 agenda. Anew partnership should be based on a commonunderstanding o our shared humanity, underpinningmutual respect and mutual benet in a shrinking

world. This partnership should involve governmentsbut also include others: people living in poverty, thosewith disabilities, women, civil society and indigenousand local communities, traditionally marginalisedgroups, multilateral institutions, local and nationalgovernment, the business community, academia andprivate philanthropy. Each priority area identied in thepost-2015 agenda should be supported by dynamicpartnerships. It is time or the international communityto use new ways o working, to go beyond an aidagenda and put its own house in order: to implementa swit reduction in corruption, illicit nancial ows,money-laundering, tax evasion, and hidden ownershipo assets. We must ght climate change, champion

ree and air trade, technology innovation, transer anddiusion, and promote nancial stability. And since thispartnership is built on principles o common humanityand mutual respect, it must also have a new spirit and

be completely transparent. Everyone involved must beully accountable.

From vision to action. We believe that these vechanges are the right, smart, and necessary thing to do.But their impact will depend on how they are translatedinto specic priorities and actions. We realized thatthe vision would be incomplete unless we oered aset o illustrative goals and targets to show how thesetransormative changes could be expressed in preciseand measurable terms. This illustrative ramework is setout in Annex I, with more detailed explanation in AnnexII. We hope these examples will help ocus attention andstimulate debate.

The suggested targets are bold, yet practical. Likethe MDGs, they would not be binding, but should bemonitored closely. The indicators that track them shouldbe disaggregated to ensure no one is let behind andtargets should only be considered achieved i theyare met or all relevant income and social groups. Werecommend that any new goals should be accompaniedby an independent and rigorous monitoring system,with regular opportunities to report on progress andshortcomings at a high political level. We also call ora data revolution or sustainable development, witha new international initiative to improve the qualityo statistics and inormation available to citizens. We

should actively take advantage o new technology,crowd sourcing, and improved connectivity to empowerpeople with inormation on the progress towards thetargets.

Taken together, the Panel believes that these veundamental shits can remove the barriers that holdpeople back, and end the inequality o opportunitythat blights the lives o so many people on our planet.They can, at long last, bring together social, economicand environmental issues in a coherent, eective, andsustainable way. Above all, we hope they can inspire anew generation to believe that a better world is withinits reach, and act accordingly.

i Monrovia Communiqu o the High Level Panel, February 1, 2013, http://www.post2015hlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Monrovia-Communique-1-February-2013.pd

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CONTENTS

Chapter 1: A Vision and Framewor or the post2015 Development Agenda........................Setting a New Course .............................................................................................................................

Remarkable Achievements Since 2000 .................................................................................................

Consulting People, Gaining Perspective ...............................................................................................The Panels Journey...............................................................................................................................

Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing World ...........................................................................

One World: One Sustainable Development Agenda............................................................................

Chapter 2: From Vision to ActionPriority Transormations or a post2015 Agenda.........Five Transormative Shits .....................................................................................................................

1. Leave No One Behind ........................................................................................................................2. Put Sustainable Development at the Core ........................................................................................3. Transorm Economies or Jobs and Inclusive Growth........................................................................4. Build Peace and Eective, Open and Accountable Public Institutions ..............................................5. Forge a new Global Partnership ........................................................................................................

Ensure More and Better Longterm Finance.........................................................................................

Chapter 3: Illustrative Goals and Global Impact .............................................................................The Shape o the Post2015 Agenda.....................................................................................................

Risks to be Managed in a Single Agenda ..............................................................................................Learning the Lessons o MDG 8 (Global Partnership or Development)................................................

Illustrative Goals.....................................................................................................................................

Addressing Cross-cutting Issues ...........................................................................................................The Global Impact by 2030 ....................................................................................................................

Chapter 4: Implementation, Accountability and Building Consensus.......................................Implementing the post2015 ramewor.............................................................................................

Uniying Global Goals with National Plans or Development................................................................Global Monitoring and Peer Review .....................................................................................................Stakeholders Partnering by Theme.......................................................................................................

Holding Partners to Account .................................................................................................................

Wanted: a New Data Revolution ...........................................................................................................Working in Cooperation with Others ....................................................................................................Building Political Consensus .................................................................................................................

Chapter 5: Concluding Remars...........................................................................................................

Anne I Illustrative Goals and Targets ................................................................................................

Anne II Evidence o Impact and Eplanation o Illustrative Goals.............................................

Anne III Goals, Targets and Indicators: Using a Common Terminology....................................

Anne IV Summary o Outreach Eorts .............................................................................................

Anne V Terms o Reerence and List o Panel Members ...............................................................

Anne VI Highlevel Panel Secretariat................................................................................................

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Setting a New Course

We, the High-Level Panel on the post-2015 Development Agenda, were asked orrecommendations that would help respond to the global challenges o the 21stcentury, building on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and with a view toending poverty.ii

We discussed two o the worlds biggest challenges how to end poverty and how topromote sustainable development. We have not come up with all the answers, but wedo believe the lives obillions o people can be improved, in a way that preserves theplanets natural resource assets or uture generations.

Progress on this scale is possible, but only i governments (at all levels), multilateralinstitutions, businesses, and civil society organizations are willing to change courseand reject business-as-usual. They have a chance to develop and put in place a newagenda: one that conronts the challenges o the modern world head-on. They have anopportunity to transorm their thinking, and their practice, to solve current problemswith new ways o working. They can join orces, tackle poverty, the economy and theenvironment together, and bring about a paradigm shit.

Remarable Achievements Since 2000

Ater the MDGs were adopted, dozens o developing-country planning ministries,hundreds o international agencies and thousands o civil society organizations (CSOs)rallied behind them. Together, they have contributed to remarkable achievements; hala billion ewer people in extreme poverty; about three million childrens lives savedeach year. Four out o ve children now get vaccinated or a range o diseases. Maternalmortality gets the ocused attention it deserves. Deaths rom malaria have allen byone-quarter. Contracting HIV is no longer an automatic death sentence. In 2011, 590million children in developing countries a record number attended primary school.

This unprecedented progress was driven by a combination o economic growth,government policies, civil society engagement and the global commitment to theMDGs.

Given this success, it would be a mistake to start a new development agenda romscratch. There is much unnished business rom the MDGs. Some countries achieveda great deal, but others, especially low-income, conict aected countries, achievedmuch less. In the course o our discussions, we became aware o a gap between realityon the ground and the statistical targets that are tracked. We realized that the nextdevelopment agenda must build on the real experiences, stories, ideas and solutionso people at the grassroots, and that we, as a Panel, must do our best to understandthe world through their eyes and reect on the issues that would make a dierence totheir lives.

Consulting People, Gaining Perspective

Over the last nine months, the Panel has spoken with people rom all walks o lie. Wehave reviewed almost one thousand written submissions rom civil society and businessgroups working around the world. We have consulted experts rom multilateralorganizations, national governments and local authorities. We have debated vigorouslyand passionately among ourselves.

We agreed that the post-2015 agenda should reect the concerns o people living in

CHAPTER 1: A VISION AND FRAMEWORk FOR THEPOST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

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poverty, whose voices oten go unheard or unheeded.To gather these perspectives, Panel members spoke toarmers, indigenous and local communities, workers inthe inormal sector, migrants, people with disabilities,

small business owners, traders, young people andchildren, womens groups, older people, aith-basedgroups, trade unions and many others. We alsoheard rom academics and experts, politicians andphilosophers.

In all, we heard voices and reviewed recommendationsor goals and targets rom over 5000 civil societyorganisations ranging rom grassroots organisationsto global alliances working in about 120 countriesacross every major region o the world. We alsoconsulted the chie executive ocers o 250 companiesin 30 countries, with annual revenues exceeding $8trillion, academics rom developed and developing

countries, international and local NGOs and civil societymovements, and parliamentarians.

In these meetings, people living in poverty told us howpowerless they elt because their jobs and livelihoodswere precarious. They said they ear getting sick, andlack saety. They talked about insecurity, corruption, andviolence in the home. They spoke o being excluded andabused by societys institutions and o the importanceo transparent, open and responsive government thatrecognizes their dignity and human rights.

The Panel heard some similar priorities voiced bymayors and local elected ocials. These leaders deal

daily with marginalized groups asking or help gettingood, shelter, health care, meals at school, education andschool supplies. They strive to supply their constituentswith sae water, sanitation, and street lighting. They toldus that the urban poor want jobs that are better thanselling small items on the street or picking throughrubbish dumps. And, like people everywhere, they wantsecurity so their amilies can saely go about their lives.

Young people asked or education beyond primaryschooling, not just ormal learning but lie skillsand vocational training to prepare them or jobs. Incountries where they have acquired good educationand skills, they want access to decent jobs. They want

opportunities to lit themselves out o poverty. Theycrave mentoring, career development, and programmesled by youth, serving youth. Young people said theywant to be able to make inormed decisions abouttheir health and bodies, to ully realize their sexual andreproductive health and rights (SRHR). They want accessto inormation and technology so they can participatein their nations public lie, especially charting its pathto economic development. They want to be able to holdthose in charge to account, to have the right to reedom

o speech and association and to monitor where theirgovernments money is going.

Women and girls asked in particular or protection o

their property rights, their access to land, and to havea voice and to participate in economic and political lie.They also asked the Panel to ocus on ending violenceagainst women and discrimination at work, at schooland in the law.

People with disabilities also asked or an end todiscrimination and or equal opportunity. They arelooking or guarantees o minimum basic livingstandards. Representatives o indigenous groups andlocal communities wanted recognition o their needto live more balanced lives in harmony with nature.They want restitution, non-discrimination and respector their ancestral ways. Those working in the inormal

sector also called or social protection and or reducinginequalities, as well as or opportunities to secure goodand decent jobs and livelihoods.

Businesses spoke o their potential contribution to apost-2015 development agenda. Not just providinggood and decent jobs and growth, but deliveringessential services and helping billions o peopleaccess clean and sustainable energy and adapt toclimate change. They spoke o being willing to shareaccountability or the next agenda, and about what theyneed rom governments i they are to do more soundmacroeconomic policies, good inrastructure, skilledworkers, open markets, a level playing eld, and ecient

and accountable public administration.

All these groups asked that when the post-2015 agendais put into place, it includes a plan or measuring progressthat compares how people with dierent income levels,gender, disability and age, and those living in dierentlocalities, are aring and that this inormation be easilyavailable to all.

The Panels Journey

These views and perspectives helped us to understandbetter how to think about the post-2015 agenda andhow to put esh on the idea o a bold yet practical vision

or development that the Secretary-General challengedus to produce at our rst meeting in New York.

In London, we discussed household poverty: the dailyreality o lie on the margins o survival. We agreed toseek to end extreme poverty by 2030. We learned howimportant it is to tackle poverty in all its dimensions,including basic human needs like health, education,sae water and shelter as well as undamental humanrights: personal security, dignity, justice, voice and

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empowerment, equality o opportunity, and access toSRHR. Several o these issues were not covered in theMDGs and we agreed they must be added in a newagenda. We recognized the need to ocus on the qualityo public services, as well as on access to their delivery.We realized that providing access to nutritious ood anddrinking water would not endure unless ood and watersystems are also addressed.

In Monrovia, we talked about economic transormationand the building blocks needed or growth that deliverssocial inclusion and respects the environment howto harness the ingenuity and dynamism o business orsustainable development. We saw with our own eyes theextraordinary progress that can be made when a countryonce ravaged by conict is able to build peace andsecurity, but also the enormous challenge o providingbasic services, like power, roads and telecommunicationsto connect people and rms to a modern economy. We

heard about the business opportunities in pursuinggreen growth to promote sustainable development,and about the potential or individual entrepreneurs toull their dreams, and or large businesses to connectto smallholder armers. We learned that there are criticalshortages o the skilled proessionals who are needed tomake governments and rms more ecient. We saw theneed or the agenda to include jobs, institutions, andmodern, reliable and sustainable energy.

In Bali, we discussed common global challenges,including the dangers posed by climate change andthe need or development strategies to include makinghouseholds and countries more resilient. We ocused

on the elements o a new global partnership. Weagreed that developed countries had to do more toput their own house in order. They must honour theiraid commitments but go beyond aid to lead globaleorts to reorm trade, crack down on illicit capital ows,return stolen assets, and promote sustainable patternso consumption and production. We asked wherethe money would come rom to nance the massiveinvestments that will be needed or inrastructure indeveloping countries, and concluded that we need tond new ways o using aid and other public unds tomobilize private capital.

Opportunities and Challenges in aChanging World

Our conversations with people added to our own

experiences about how signicantly the world haschanged since the Millennium Declaration was adoptedin 2000. We are also aware o how much more the worldwill change by 2030. I t will be more urban, more middleclass, older, more connected, more interdependent,more vulnerable and more constrained in its resources and still working to ensure that globalization bringsmaximum benets to all.

For many, the world today eels more uncertain than itdid in 2000. In developed countries, the nancial crisishas shaken belie that every generation will be bettero than the last. Developing countries, or their part, areull o optimism and condence as a result o a decade-

long growth spurt, but many also ear that slow progressin reorming global trade and stabilising the worldnancial system may harm their prospects. Hal theworlds extreme poor live in conict-aected countries,while many others are suering the eects o naturaldisasters that have cost $2.5 trillion so ar this century.iii Intodays world, we see that no country, however powerulor rich, can sustain its prosperity without working inpartnership to nd integrated solutions.

This is a world o challenges, but these challenges canalso present opportunities, i they kindle a new spirito solidarity, mutual respect and mutual benet, basedon our common humanity and the Rio principles. Such

a spirit could inspire us to address global challengesthrough a new global partnership, bringing togetherthe many groups in the world concerned with economic,social and environmental progress: people living inpoverty, women, young people, people with disabilities,indigenous and local communities, marginalisedgroups, multilateral institutions, local and nationalgovernments, businesses, civil society and privatephilanthropists, scientists and other academics. Thesegroups are more organised than beore, better able tocommunicate with each other, willing to learn aboutreal experiences and real challenges in policymaking,committed to solving problems together.

Envisioning a new Global Partnership

We agreed on the need or a renewed Global Partnership that enables a transormative, people-centred andplanet-sensitive development agenda which is realized through the equal partnership o all stakeholders.

Such partnership should be based on the principles o equity, sustainability, solidarity, respect or humanity,and shared responsibilities in accordance with respective capabilities.

Bali Communiqu, March 28, 2013iv

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We are deeply aware o the hunger, vulnerability, anddeprivation that still shape the daily lives o more thana billion people in the world today. At the same time weare struck by the level o inequality in the world, both

among and within countries. O all the goods and servicesconsumed in the world each year, the 1.2 billion peopleliving in extreme poverty only account or one per cent,while the richest 1 billion people consume 72 per cent.VEvery year, one billion women are subject to sexual orphysical violence because they lack equal protection underthe law;VI and 200 million young people despair becausethey lack equal opportunities to acquire the skills theyneed to get decent jobs and livelihoods.vii

At the same time there is unprecedented prosperity anddynamism in many countries. Two billion people alreadyenjoy middle class liestyles, and another three billionare set to join them by 2030. Low- and middle-income

countries are now growing aster than high-income ones which helps to reduce global inequality. And manycountries are using public social protection programs andsocial and environmental regulations to bring down highlevels o domestic inequality by improving the lives o theworst-o, while also transorming their economies sothat growth is sustained over the long term and providesmore good jobs and secure livelihoods. This means it is nowpossible to leave no one behind to give every child aair chance in lie, and to achieve a pattern o developmentwhere dignity and human rights become a reality or all,where an agenda can be built around human security.

While we were writing this report, the world passed

an alarming threshold: atmospheric carbon dioxideconcentration was measured at over 400 parts per million,probably the highest level in at least 800,000 years.viii Thereis no evidence yet that the upward trend has been slowedor reversed, as it must be i potentially catastrophic changesin climate are to be avoided. Despite all the rhetoric aboutalternative energy sources, ossil uels still make up 81 percent o global energy production--unchanged since 1990.ix To continue on this business-as-usual path would bevery dangerous. Changes in consumption and productionpatterns are essential, and they must be led by thedeveloped countries.

Recent ood and energy crises, and high prices or many

commodities, point to a world where increasing resourcescarcity is the norm. In environmental hot spots, theharm that is coming i we dont halt current trends willbe irreversible. O the 24 most important ways the poordepend on natural resources, 15 are in serious decline,including: more than 40 per cent o global sheries thathave crashed or are overshed; loss o 130 million hectareso orests in the last decade; loss o 20 percent o mangroveorests since 1980; threats to 75 per cent o the worldscoral rees, mostly in small island developing states wheredependence on rees is high.x

Yet the Panel is impressed by the extraordinary innovationsthat have occurred, especially the rate at which newtechnologies are adopted and diused, and by theopportunities these technologies oer or sustainable

development. The number o mobile phone subscriptionshas risen rom ewer than a billion to more than 6 billion,and with it many mobile (m-) applications m-banking,m-health, m-learning, m-taxes that can radically changeeconomies and service delivery in sustainable ways.

The powerul in todays world can no longer expect to setthe rules and go unchallenged. People everywhere expectbusinesses and governments to be open, accountable,and responsive to their needs. There is an opportunitynow to give people the power to inuence and controlthings in their everyday lives, and to give all countries moresay in how the world is governed. Without sound domesticand global institutions there can be no chance o making

poverty reduction permanent.

There are 21 countries that have experienced armedconict since 2000 and many others where criminalviolence is common. Between them, these claim 7.9 millionlives each year.xi In order to develop peaceully, countriesaficted by or emerging rom conict need institutionsthat are capable and responsive, and able to meet peoplescore demands or security, justice and well-being. Aminimally unctional state machinery is a pre-requisite anda oundation or lasting development that breaks the cycleo conict and distrust.

People care no less about sound institutions than they do

about preventing illness or ensuring that their children canread and write i only because they understand that theormer play an essential role in achieving the latter. Goodinstitutions are, in act, the essential building blocks o aprosperous and sustainable uture. The rule o law, reedomo speech and the media, open political choice and activecitizen participation, access to justice, non-discriminatoryand accountable governments and public institutions helpdrive development and have their own intrinsic value. Theyare both means to an end and an end in themselves.

One World: One SustainableDevelopment Agenda

The Panel believes there is a chance now to do somethingthat has never beore been done to eradicate extremepoverty, once and or all, and to end hunger, illiteracy,and preventable deaths. This would be a truly historicachievement.

But we wanted to do more and we thought: endingextreme poverty is just the beginning, not the end. It isvital, but our vision must be broader: to start countries onthe path o sustainable development building on the

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oundations established by the 2012 UN Conerence onSustainable Development in Rio de Janeiroxii, and meetinga challenge that no country, developed or developing, hasmet so ar.

We recommend to the Secretary-General that deliberationson a new development agenda must be guided by thevision o eradicating extreme poverty once and or all, inthe context o sustainable development.

We came to the conclusion that the moment is rightto merge the social, economic and environmentaldimensions o sustainability guiding internationaldevelopment. Why now? Because 2015 is the targetdate set in the year 2000 or the achievement o theMDGs and the logical date to begin a second phasethat will nish the job they started and build on theirachievements. Member states o the General Assembly

o the United Nations have also agreed at Rio+20 todevelop a set o sustainable development goals thatare coherent with and integrated into the developmentagenda beyond 2015. 2015 also marks the deadline orcountries to negotiate a new treaty to limit greenhousegas emissions.

Developing a single, sustainable development agendais critical. Without ending poverty, we cannot buildprosperity; too many people get let behind. Withoutbuilding prosperity, we cannot tackle environmentalchallenges; we need to mobilise massive investmentsin new technologies to reduce the ootprint ounsustainable production and consumption patterns.

Without environmental sustainability, we cannot endpoverty; the poor are too deeply aected by naturaldisasters and too dependent on deteriorating oceans,orests and soils.

The need or a single agenda is glaring, as soon as onestarts thinking practically about what needs to be done.Right now, development, sustainable development andclimate change are oten seen as separate. They haveseparate mandates, separate nancing streams, andseparate processes or tracking progress and holdingpeople accountable. This creates overlap and conusion

when it comes to developing specic programs andprojects on the ground. It is time to streamline theagenda.

It is also unrealistic to think we can help another onebillion people to lit themselves out o poverty bygrowing their national economies without makingstructural changes in the world economy. There is anurgent need or developed countries to re-imaginetheir growth models. They must lead the world towardssolutions to climate change by creating and adoptinglow-carbon and other sustainable developmenttechnologies and passing them on to others. Otherwise,urther strains on ood, water and energy supplies andincreases in global carbon emissions will be inevitable with added pressures rom billions more peopleexpected to join the middle class in the next twodecades. People still living in poverty, or those in near-

poverty, who have been the most vulnerable to recentood, uel and nancial crises, would then be at graverisk o slipping back into poverty once more.

This is why we need to think dierently. Ending povertyis not a matter or aid or international cooperation alone.It is an essential part o sustainable development, indeveloped and developing countries alike. Developedcountries have a great responsibility to keep thepromises they have made to help the less ortunate.The billions o dollars o aid that they give each yearare vital to many low-income countries. But it is notenough: they can also co-operate more eectively tostem aggressive tax avoidance and evasion, and illicit

capital ows. Governments can work with businessto create a more coherent, transparent and equitablesystem or collecting corporate tax in a globalized world.They can tighten the enorcement o rules that prohibitcompanies rom bribing oreign ocials. They canprompt their large multinational corporations to reporton the social, environmental, and economic impact otheir activities.

Developing countries, too, have a vital part to play inthe transormative shits that are needed. Most o themare growing rapidly and raising their own resources to

Our Vision and Our Responsibility

Our vision and our responsibility is to end extreme poverty in all its orms in the context o sustainable

development and to have in place the building blocks o sustained prosperity or all. The gains in poverty

eradication should be irreversible. This is a global, people-centred and planet-sensitive agenda to addressthe universal challenges o the 21st century: promoting sustainable development, supporting job-creating

growth, protecting the environment and providing peace, security, justice, reedom and equity at all levels.

Monrovia Communiqu of the High Level Panel, February 1, 2013

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ii See Terms o Reerence, Annex V.iii UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, 15 May, 2013, http://www.un.org/sg/statements/index.asp?nid=6821iv Bali Communiqu o the High Level Panel, March 27, 2013, http://www.post2015hlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Final-

Communique-Bali.pdv HLP Secretariat calculationsvi UNiTE to end violence against women. Fact Sheet. http://www.un.org/en/women/endviolence/pd/VAW.pdvii Education For All (EFA) monitoring report (2012). Youth and Skills: Putting Education to Work. (p. 16)viii Luthi et al., 2008, Nature 453, 379-382ix World Energy Outlook Factsheet, 2011, International Energy Agency, http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/actsheets/actsheets.pdx UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). This was a our-year, multi-volume scientic appraisal by more than 1,000 experts.xi The World Development Report, 2011: Conict, Security and Development, World Bankxii The Future We Want, United Nations, A/RES/66/288*, 11 September 2012xiii Copenhagen Consensus (2012). Expert Panel Findings, (p. 4) and Hoddinott et al. (2012). Hunger and Malnutrition. ChallengePaper Copenhagen Consensus 2012 (p. 68)xiv Jamison, D., Jha, P., Bloom, D. (2008). The Challenge o Diseases. Challenge Paper Copenhagen Consensus 2008 (p. 51)xv Whittington, D. et al. (2008). The Challenge o Water and Sanitation. Challenge Paper Copenhagen Consensus 2008 (p. 126)xvi Turn Down the Heat, The World Bank, November 2012, http://climatechange.worldbank.org/sites/deault/les/Turn_Down_the_heat_Why_a_4_degree_centrigrade_warmer_world_must_be_avoided.pd

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und their own development. They already contributethe most to global growth and expansion o globaltrade. They have young, dynamic populations. Theyare urbanising, modernising and absorbing new

technologies aster than ever beore. But they acecritical choices. The inrastructure investments theymake today will lock-in energy use and pollution levelstomorrow. The way they manage natural resourcerevenues today will determine the options availableto their young people tomorrow. They must makesmart choices to turn cities into vibrant places ull oopportunities, services and dierent liestyles, wherepeople want to work and live.

There is a global ethic or a globalised world, basedon our common humanity, the Rio principles and theshared ethos o all traditions: do as you would be doneby. Moreover, the benets o investing in sustainable

development are high. Every dollar invested in stoppingchronic malnutrition returns $30 in higher lietimeproductivity.xiii Expanded childhood immunizationimproves health in later lie, with benets worth 20 times

the cost.xiv The value o the productive time gained whenhouseholds have access to sae drinking water in thehome is worth 3 times the cost o providing it.xv And wecannot wait beore moving to sustainable development.Scientists warn us that we must aggressively movebeyond current voluntary pledges and commitments toreduce carbon emissions or else we will be on a path toat least a 4-degree Celsius warming over pre-industriallevels by this centurys end. According to the WorldBank, such 4C scenarios would be devastating.xvi

Pursuing a single, sustainable development agenda isthe right thing, the smart thing and the necessary thingto do.

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Five Transormative Shits

The Panel views ve big, transormative shits as the priorities or a orward-looking,compelling and integrated sustainable development agenda based on the Rio principles.The rst our shits are where the ocus or action is mostly at the country level, while theth transormative shit, orging a new global partnership, is an overarching change ininternational cooperation that provides the policy space or domestic transormations.

We believe there is a need or a paradigm shit, a proound structural transormation that willovercome the obstacles to sustained prosperity.

The transormations described below apply to all countries. They are universally relevantand actionable. The details may vary, and responsibilities and accountabilities will inevitablydier, in line with the circumstances and capabilities o each country. We recognise thatthere are enormous dierences among countries in resources and capabilities, dierencesrooted in long-ago history and oten beyond their individual control. But every country has

something to contribute. Countries are not being told what to do: each country is beingasked what it wants to do, on a voluntary basis, both at home and to help others in meetingjointly identied challenges.

1. Leave No One Behind

The next development agenda must ensure that in the uture neither income nor gender,nor ethnicity, nor disability, nor geography, will determine whether people live or die,whether a mother can give birth saely, or whether her child has a air chance in lie. We mustkeep aith with the promise o the MDGs and now nish the job. The MDGs aspired to halvepoverty. Ater 2015 we should aspire to put an end to hunger and extreme poverty as wellas addressing poverty in all its other orms. This is a major new commitment to everyoneon the planet who eels marginalised or excluded, and to the neediest and most vulnerablepeople, to make sure their concerns are addressed and that they can enjoy their human

rights.

The new agenda must tackle the causes o poverty, exclusion and inequality. It must connectpeople in rural and urban areas to the modern economy through quality inrastructure electricity, irrigation, roads, ports, and telecommunications. It must provide quality healthcare and education or all. It must establish and enorce clear rules, without discrimination,so that women can inherit and own property and run a business, communities can controllocal environmental resources, and armers and urban slum-dwellers have secure propertyrights. It must give people the assurance o personal saety. It must make it easy or them toollow their dreams and start a business. It must give them a say in what their governmentdoes or them, and how it spends their tax money. It must end discrimination and promoteequality between men and women, girls and boys.

These are issues o basic social justice. Many people living in poverty have not had a air

chance in lie because they are victims o illness or poor healthcare, unemployment, a naturaldisaster, climate change, local conict, instability, poor local leadership, or low-qualityeducation or have been given no schooling at all. Others ace discrimination. Remedyingthese undamental inequalities and injustices is a matter o respect or peoples universalhuman rights. A ocus on the poorest and most marginalised, a disproportionate numbero whom are women, ollows directly rom the principles agreed to in the MillenniumDeclaration and at Rio.xvii These principles should remain the oundation o the post-2015agenda.

To be sure that our actions are helping not just the largest number o people, but theneediest and most vulnerable, we will need new ways o measuring success. Strategies

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and plans will have to be developed to reach those notadequately covered by existing programmes. The cost odelivering services in remote areas may be only 15 to 20 percent higher than average, to judge by practical experience

in many countries. This seems reasonable and aordable,given higher tax revenues expected in most countries, andsustained aid to the lowest income countries. Above all it isthe right thing to do.

2. Put Sustainable Development at the Core

For twenty years, the international community has aspiredto integrate the social, economic, and environmentaldimensions o sustainability, but no country has yetachieved patterns o consumption and production thatcould sustain global prosperity in the coming decades.A new agenda will need to set out the core elements osustainable liestyles that can work or all.

The Panel is convinced that national and local governments,businesses and individuals must transorm the way theygenerate and consume energy, travel and transportgoods, use water and grow ood. Especially in developedcountries, incentives and new mind-sets can sparkmassive investment in moving towards a green economyin the context o sustainable development and povertyeradication, while promoting more sustainable andmore ecient consumption and production. Developingcountries, when they get access to new technologies,can leaprog straight to new, more sustainable and moreecient consumption and production. Both approachesare simply smart public policy.

It is sometimes argued that global limits on carbonemissions will orce developing countries to sacricegrowth to accommodate the liestyles o the rich, or thatdeveloped countries will have to stop growing so thatdeveloping countries can develop substituting onesource o pollution or another. We do not believe that suchtrade-os are necessary. Mankinds capacity or innovation,and the many alternatives that already exist, mean thatsustainable development can, and must, allow people inall countries to achieve their aspirations.

At least one-third o the activities needed to lower globalcarbon emissions to reasonable levels, such as switching

to LED lighting to conserve electricity, more than pay orthemselves under current market conditions. Consumerswill pay more up ront i they can see uture savingsclearly and i the right incentives are in place to make theswitch. Examples abound o smart, easible, cost-eective,green economy policies: improved vehicle aerodynamics,constructing buildings or energy eciency, recyclingwaste, generating electricity rom landll gasandnew technologies are constantly coming on-stream. Butconcerted eorts are needed to develop and adopt them.

There are other ways to reduce carbon emissions at verylittle cost; or example restoring soil, managing grasslandsand orests in a sustainable way.xviii Healthcare costs canall signicantly with a switch to clean transport or power

generation, helping oset the costs. But incentives taxes,subsidies and regulations must be in place to encouragethis incentives that are largely not in place now. With theright incentives, and some certainty about the rules, manyo the worlds largest companies are prepared to committhemselves to moving to sustainable modes o productionon a large scale.

In developing countries too, the benets o investing insustainable development are high, especially i they getaccess to new technologies. Small investments to allowcross-border trading in electricity could save sub-SaharanArica $2.7 billion every year, by substituting hydro orthermal power plants.xix Sustainable production is ar

cheaper than Grow now, clean later.

Already, some industries have developed global standardsto guide oreign investment in sustainable development.Examples can be ound in mining, palm oil, orestry,agricultural land purchases, and banking. Certication andcompliance programmes put all companies on the sameooting.

As more industries develop sustainability certication, itwill be easier or civil society and shareholders to becomewatchdogs, holding rms accountable or adhering toindustry standards and worker saety issues, and beingready to disinvest i they do not. Today, however, only

25 per cent o large companies report to shareholderson sustainability practices; by 2030, this should becommonplace.

3. Transorm Economies or Jobs and InclusiveGrowth

The Panel calls or a quantum leap orward in economicopportunities and a proound economic transormationto end extreme poverty and improve livelihoods. Theremust be a commitment to rapid, equitable growth notgrowth at any cost or just short-term spurts in growth, butsustained, long-term, inclusive growth that can overcomethe challenges o unemployment (especially youthunemployment), resource scarcity and perhaps the

biggest challenge o all adaptation to climate change. Thiskind o inclusive growth has to be supported by a globaleconomy that ensures nancial stability, promotes stable,long-term private nancial investment, and encouragesopen, air and development-riendly trade.

The rst priority must be to create opportunities or goodand decent jobs and secure livelihoods, so as to makegrowth inclusive and ensure that it reduces poverty andinequality. When people escape rom poverty, it is mostoten by joining the middle class, but to do so they will need

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the education, training and skills to be successul in the jobmarket and respond to demands by business or moreworkers. Billions more people could become middle-classby 2030, most o them in cities, and this would strengthen

economic growth the world over. Better governmentpolicies, air and accountable public institutions, andinclusive and sustainable business practices will supportthis and are essential parts o a post-2015 agenda.

A second priority is to constantly strive to add value andraise productivity, so that growth begets more growth.Some undamentals will accelerate growth everywhere inrastructure and other investments, skills development,supportive policies towards micro, small and medium sizedenterprises, and the capacity to innovate and absorb newtechnologies, and produce higher quality and a greaterrange o products. In some countries, this can be achievedthrough industrialisation, in others through expanding a

modern service sector or intensiying agriculture. Somespecialise, others diversiy. There is no single recipe. But it isclear that some growth patterns essentially those that aresupported by open and air trade, globally and regionally oer more opportunities than others or uture growth.

Third, countries must put in place a stable environmentthat enables business to ourish. Business wants, aboveall, a level playing eld and to be connected to majormarkets. For small rms, this oten means nding theright business linkages, through supply chains or co-operatives, or example. Business also wants a simpleregulatory ramework which makes it easy to start,operate and close a business. Small and medium rms,that employ the most people, are especially hamstrung

at present by unnecessarily complicated regulationsthat can also breed corruption. This is not a call or totalderegulation: social and environmental standards are ogreat importance. But it is a call or regulation to be smart,stable and implemented in a transparent way. O course,businesses themselves also have a role to play: adoptinggood practices and paying air taxes in the countries wherethey operate, and being transparent about the nancial,social and environmental impact o their activities.

Fourth, in order to bring new prosperity and newopportunities, growth will also need to usher in new waysto support sustainable consumption and production, andenable sustainable development. Governments should

develop and implement detailed approaches to encouragesustainable activities and properly cost environmentallyand socially hazardous behaviour. Business should indicatehow it can invest to reduce environmental stresses andimprove working conditions or employees.

4. Build Peace and Eective, Open andAccountable Public Institutions

Freedom rom conict and violence is the most undamentalhuman entitlement, and the essential oundation or

building peaceul and prosperous societies. At the sametime, people the world over want their governmentsto be transparent, accountable and responsive to theirneeds. Personal security, access to justice, reedom rom

discrimination and persecution, and a voice in the decisionsthat aect their lives are development outcomes as wellas enablers. So we are calling or a undamental shittorecognise peace and good governance as core elements owell-being, not an optional extra.

Capable and responsive states need to build eective andaccountable public institutions that support the rule o law,reedom o speech and the media, open political choice,and access to justice. We need a transparency revolution socitizens can see exactly where their taxes, aid and revenuesrom extractive industries are spent. We need governmentsthat tackle the causes o poverty, empower people, aretransparent, and permit scrutiny o their aairs.

Transparency and accountability are also powerul tools orpreventing the thet and waste o scarce natural resources.Without sound institutions, there can be no chance osustainable development. The Panel believes that creatingthem is a central part o the transormation neededto eradicate poverty irreversibly and enable countriesacross the world, especially those prone to or emergingrom conict, to develop sustainably and that thereoreinstitutions must be addressed in the new developmentagenda.

Societies organise their dialogues through institutions.In order to play a substantive role, citizens need a legalenvironment which enables them to orm and join CSOs,

to protest and express opinions peaceully, and whichprotects their right to due process.

Internationally, too, institutions are important channelso dialogue and cooperation. Working together, inand through domestic and international institutions,governments could bring about a swit reduction incorruption, money laundering, tax evasion and aggressiveavoidance, hidden ownership o assets, and the illicit tradein drugs and arms. They must commit themselves to doingso.

5. Forge a new Global Partnership

A th, but perhaps most important, transormative shit

or the post-2015 agenda is to bring a new sense o globalpartnership into national and international politics. Thismust provide a resh vision and ramework, based onour common humanity and the principles establishedat Rio. Included among those principles: universality,equity, sustainability, solidarity, human rights, the right todevelopment and responsibilities shared in accordancewith capabilities. The partnership should capture, and willdepend on, a spirit o mutual respect and mutual benet.

One simple idea lies behind the principle o global

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partnership. People and countries understand that theirates are linked together. What happens in one part o theworld can aect us all. Some issues can only be tackledby acting together. Countries have resources, expertise

or technology that, i shared, can result in mutual benetWorking together is not just a moral obligation to helpthose less ortunate but is an investment in the long-termprosperity o all.

A renewed global partnership will require a new spiritrom national leaders, but also no less important itwill require many others to adopt new mind-sets andchange their behaviour. These changes will not happenovernight. But we must move beyond business-as-usual and we must start today. The new global partnershipshould encourage everyone to alter their worldview,prooundly and dramatically. It should lead all countries tomove willingly towards merging the environmental and

development agendas, and tackling povertys symptomsand causes in a unied and universal way.

What are the components o a new global partnership?It starts with a shared, common vision, one that allowsdierent solutions or dierent contexts but is uniormlyambitious. From vision comes a plan or action, at the levelo the individual country and o smaller regions, cities orlocalities. Each needs to contribute and cooperate tosecure a better uture.

A new global partnership should engage nationalgovernments o all countries, local authorities, internationalorganisations, businesses, civil society, oundations andother philanthropists, and people all sitting at the table

to go beyond aid to discuss a truly international rameworko policies to achieve sustainable development. It shouldmove beyond the MDGs orientation o state-to-statepartnerships between high-income and low-incomegovernments to be inclusive o more players.

A new global partnership should have new ways o working a clear process through which to measure progresstowards goals and targets and to hold people accountableor meeting their commitments. The United Nations cantake the lead on monitoring at the global level, drawing oninormation rom national and local governments, as wellas rom regional dialogues. Partnerships in each thematicarea, at global, national and local levels, can assignresponsibilities and accountabilities or putting policies

and programs in place.

Each participant in the global partnership has a specicrole to play:

National governments have the central role andresponsibility or their own development and or ensuringuniversal human rights. They decide on national targets,taxes, policies, plans and regulations that will translate thevision and goals o the post-2015 agenda into practicalreality. They have a role in every sector and at many levels

rom negotiating international trade or environmentalagreements to creating an enabling environment orbusiness and setting environmental standards at home.

Developed countries must keep their promises todeveloping countries. North-South aid is still vital or manycountries: it must be maintained, and increased whereverpossible. But more than aid is needed to implementsustainable development worldwide. Developed countriesare important markets and exporters. Their trade andagriculture practices have huge potential to assist, orhinder, other countries development. They can encourageinnovation, diusion and transer o technology. With othermajor economies, they have a central role in ensuring thestability o the international nancial system. They havespecial responsibilities in ensuring that there can be nosae haven or illicit capital and the proceeds o corruption,and that multinational companies pay taxes airly in the

countries in which they operate. And, as the worlds largestper-capita consumers, developed countries must showleadership on sustainable consumption and productionand adopting and sharing green technologies.

Developing countries are much more diverse than whenthe MDGs were agreed they include large emergingeconomies as well as countries struggling to tackle highlevels o deprivation and acing severe capacity constraints.These changing circumstances are reected in changingroles. Developing country links in trade, investment, andnance are growing ast. They can share experienceso how best to reorm policy and institutions to osterdevelopment. Developing countries, including oneswith major pockets o poverty, are cooperating amongthemselves, and jointly with developed countries andinternational institutions, in South-South and Triangularcooperation activities that have become highly valued.These could be an even stronger orce with developmento a repository o good practices, networks o knowledgeexchange, and more regional cooperation.xx

Local authorities orm a vital bridge between nationalgovernments, communities and citizens and will have acritical role in a new global partnership. The Panel believesthat one way to support this is by recognising that targetsmight be pursued dierently at the sub-national level sothat urban poverty is not treated the same as rural poverty,or example.

Local authorities have a critical role in setting priorities,executing plans, monitoring results and engaging withlocal rms and communities. In many cases, it is localauthorities that deliver essential public services in health,education, policing, water and sanitation. And, even i notdirectly delivering services, local government oten has arole in establishing the planning, regulatory and enablingenvironmentor business, or energy supply, masstransit and building standards. They have a central rolein disaster risk reduction identiying risks, early warning

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and building resilience. Local authorities have a role inhelping slum-dwellers access better housing and jobs andare the source o most successul programs to support theinormal sector and micro-enterprises.

International institutions will play a key role. The UnitedNations, o course, has a central normative and conveningrole, and can join partnerships through its developmentunds, programmes and specialised agencies. Internationalnancial institutions can compensate or the marketsailures to supply long-term nance or sustainableprojects in low- and middle-income countries, but theyneed to be more innovative, exible and nimble in the waythey operate. The Panel noted the huge potential to usepublic money to catalyse and scale up private nancingor sustainable development. For example, only 2 per cento the $5 trillion in sovereign wealth und assets has so arbeen invested in sustainable development projects.xxi

Business is an essential partner that can drive economicgrowth. Small- and medium-sized rms will create most othe jobs that will be needed to help todays poor escapepoverty and or the 470 million who will enter the labourmarket by 2030. Large rms have the money and expertiseto build the inrastructure that will allow all people toconnect to the modern economy. Big businesses can alsolink microenterprises and small entrepreneurs with largermarkets. When they nd a business model that works orsustainable development, they can scale it up ast, usingtheir geographic spread to reach hundreds o millions opeople.

A growing number o business leaders with whom we

discussed these issues are already integrating sustainabledevelopment into their corporate strategies. They spokeo a business case with three components that goes wellbeyond corporate social responsibility. First, use innovationto open up new growth markets, and address the needs opoor consumers. Second, promote sustainable practicesand stay cost-competitive by conserving land, water,energy and minerals and eliminating waste. Third, attractthe highest calibre employees and promote labour rights.

Many companies recognise, however, that i they are to betrusted partners o governments and CSOs, they need tostrengthen their own governance mechanisms and adoptintegrated reporting, on their social and environmentalimpact as well as nancial perormance. Many businesses

today are committed to doing this; the new globalpartnership should encourage others to ollow suit.

Civil society organisations can play a vital role ingiving a voice to people living in poverty, who includedisproportionate numbers o women, children, peoplewith disabilities, indigenous and local communitiesand members o other marginalised groups. They haveimportant parts to play in designing, realising, andmonitoring this new agenda. They are also important

providers o basic services, oten able to reach the neediestand most vulnerable, or example in slums and remoteareas.

In a new partnership, CSOs will have a crucial role inmaking sure that government at all levels and businessesact responsibly and create genuine opportunities andsustainable livelihoods in an open-market economy. Theirability to perorm this role depends on an enabling legalenvironment and access to due process under the law,but they should also commit to ull transparency andaccountability to those whom they represent.

Foundations, other philanthropists and social impactinvestors can innovate and be nimble and opportunistic,orming bridges between government bureaucracies,international institutions and the business and CSO sectors.Foundations and philanthropists can take risks, showthat an idea works, and create new markets where none

existed beore. This can give governments and businessthe condence to take the initiative and scale up successes.

Social impact investors show that there can be a thirdway or sustainable development a hybrid between aully or-prot private sector and a pure grant or charity aidprogram. Because they make money, their eorts can besustainable over time. But because they are new, neitherbusiness nor charity, they do not all neatly into traditionallegal rames. Some countries may need to consider how tomodiy their laws to take better advantage o this sector.

Scientists and academics can make scientic andtechnological breakthroughs that will be essential to thepost-2015 agenda. Every country that has experienced

sustained high growth has done so through absorbingknowledge, technology and ideas rom the rest o theworld, and adapting them to local conditions.xxii Whatmatters is not just having technology, but understandinghow to use it well and locally. This requires universities,technical colleges, public administration schools and well-trained, skilled workers in all countries. This is one exampleo the need or the post-2015 agenda to go well beyondthe MDGs ocus on primary education.

Energy is a good example o where a global technologybreakthrough is needed. When governments cooperatewith academia and the private sector, new ways oproducing clean and sustainable energy can be ound

and put into practice.xxiii

This needs to happen quickly: theinrastructure decisions o today will aect the energy useo tomorrow.

Science in many elds, like drought-resistant crops, canbe advanced by using open platorms where scientistseverywhere have access to each others ndings and canbuild on them reely and collaborate broadly, addinguseul eatures without limit. Open platorm science canspeed the development o new ideas or sustainable

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development and rapidly bring them to scale. It cansupport innovation, diusion and transer o technologythroughout the world.

People must be central to a new global partnership.To do this they need the reedom to voice their viewsand participate in the decisions that aect their liveswithout ear. They need access to inormation and toan independent media. And new orms o participationsuch as social media and crowd-sourcing can enablegovernments, businesses, CSOs and academia to interactwith, understand and respond to citizens needs in newways.

Ensure More and Better LongtermFinance

The Panel believes that most o the money to nancesustainable development will come rom domestic sources,and the Panel urges countries to continue eorts to investin stronger tax systems, broaden their domestic tax baseand build local nancial markets. Low- and middle-incomecountry governments have made great strides in raisingdomestic revenues, and this has helped expand publicservices and investments, vital or sustainable growth, aswell as creating ownership and accountability or publicspending.

But developing countries will also need substantialexternal unding. The main part o this will not be aidrom developed countries, although aid remains vitalor low-income countries and the promises made on aidmust be kept. The most important source o long-term

nance will be private capital, coming rom major pensionunds, mutual unds, sovereign wealth unds, privatecorporations, development banks, and other investors,including those in middle-income countries where most

new savings will come rom by 2030. These private capitalows will grow and become less prone to sudden surgesand stops, i the global nancial system is stable and wellregulated, and i they nance projects backstopped by

international nancial institutions.

The money is there world savings this year will likely beover $18 trillion and sponsors o sustainable projects aresearching or capital, but new channels and innovativenancial instruments are needed to link the two. Supportsystems (know-how, nancial institutions, policies, laws)must be built and, where they exist, must be strengthened.

A broad vision o how to und development has alreadybeen agreed by governments at a conerence held inMonterrey, Mexico in 2002. The Monterrey Consensusagreed that each country has primary responsibility orits own economic and social development, and the role

o national policies and development strategies cannot beoveremphasised. At the same time, domestic economiesare now interwoven with the global economic systemxxivSo these eorts should be supported by commitmentsmade on aid, trade and investment patterns, as well astechnical cooperation or development.

The Panel believes the principles and agreementsestablished at Monterrey remain valid or the post-2015agenda. It recommends that an international conerenceshould take up in more detail the question o nanceor sustainable development. This could be convenedby the UN in the rst hal o 2015 to address in practicalterms how to nance the post-2015 agenda. The Panelsuggests that this conerence should discuss how to

integrate development, sustainable development andenvironmental nancing streams. A single agenda shouldhave a coherent overall nancing structure.

xvii The Millennium Declaration urged eorts to promote democracy and strengthen the rule o law, as well as respect or all

internationally recognized human rights and undamental reedoms, including the right to development. It also supported thereedom o the media to perorm their essential role and the right o the public to have access to inormation.xviii Towards a Global Climate Change Agreement, McKinsey (2009)xix Rosnes et al. (2009), Powering Up: Costing Power Inrastructure Spending Needs in sub-Saharan Arica, Arica InrastructureCountry Diagnostic, Paper 5 (Phase II)xx South-South Cooperation is guided by the principles o respect or national sovereignty, national ownership and independence,equality, non-conditionality, non-intererence in domestic aairs and mutual benet. High-level United Nations Conerence onSouth-South Cooperation, Nairobi, Kenya (2009)xxi UNCTAD (2012) World Investment Report. Towards a New Generation o Investment Policies. http://www.unctad-docs.org/les/UNCTAD-WIR2012-Full-en.pdxxiiCommission on Growth and Development (2008) The Growth Report. Strategies or Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development.World Bank: Washington DC.xxiii For example, the US-India Partnership to Advance Clean Energy has already generated $1.7 billion in public and private resourcesor clean energy.xxiv United Nations, Monterrey Consensus on the International Conerence on Financing or Development, in Monterrey, Mexico. UnitedNations, 2002

| chaPtEr 2: From vision to actionPriority transFormations For a Post-2015 agEnda

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The Shape o the Post2015 Agenda

Bold commitments in these ve areas leave no one behind, put sustainable developmentat the core, transorm economies, build peace and eective and accountable institutions,and orge a new global partnership would allow the international community to keep thepromises made under the MDGs, raise the bar where experience shows we can do more,and add key issues that are missing. Together, these would be signicant steps towardspoverty eradication as an essential part o sustainable development.

Precisely because the scope o the post-2015 agenda is so broad blending social progress,equitable growth and environmental management it must have clear priorities, andinclude shared global metrics as well as national targets. It is around these that the globalcommunity can organize itsel.

We believe that the combination o goals, targets, and indicators under the MDGs was apowerul instrument or mobilising resources and motivating action. For this reason, werecommend that the post-2015 agenda should also eature a limited number o high-priority goals and targets, with a clear time horizon and supported by measurable indicators.With this in mind, the Panel recommends that targets in the post-2015 agenda should beset or 2030.xxv Longer time rames would lack urgency and might seem implausible, giventhe volatility o todays world, while shorter ones would not allow the truly transormativechanges that are needed to take eect.

Goals can be a powerul orce or change. But a goal ramework is not the best solutionto every social, economic and environmental challenge. They are most eective where aclear and compelling ambition can be described in clearly measurable terms. Goals cannotsubstitute or detailed regulations or multilateral treaties that codiy delicately-balancedinternational bargains. And unlike treaties, goals similar to the MDGs are not binding ininternational law. They stand or all as tools o communication, inspiration, policy ormulationand resource mobilisation.

The agenda should also include monitoring and accountability mechanisms involving states,civil society, the private sector, oundations, and the international development community.

It should recognise each partys contribution to development nance, recognizing commonchallenges but also dierent capabilities and needs. It will need to be inormed by evidenceo what works, and ocus on areas where, by acting together, the global community canachieve the transormations needed or sustainable development.

A goal ramework that drives transormations is valuable in ocusing global eorts, buildingmomentum and developing a sense o global urgency. It can be instrumental in crystallisingconsensus and dening international norms. It can provide a rallying cry or a globalcampaign to generate international support, as has been the case with the MDGs.

The Panel recommends that a limited number o goals and targets be adopted in thepost-2015 development agenda, and that each should be SMART: specic, measurable,attainable, relevant and time-bound. A set o clear and easily applicable criteria, to guide theshape o the post-2015 agenda in line with the Rio+20 Outcome, is that each goal should:

Solve a critical issue, and have a strong impact on sustainable development, based onexisting research;

Encapsulate a compelling message on issues that energise people, companies andgovernments;

Be easy to understand and communicate without jargon;

Be measurable, using credible and internationally comparable indicators, metrics anddata, and subject to monitoring;

CHAPTER 3: ILLUSTRATIVE GOALS AND GLOBAL IMPACT

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Be widely applicable in countries with dierent levelso income, and in those emerging rom conict orrecovering rom natural disaster;

Be grounded in the voice o people, and the prioritiesidentied during consultations, especially children,youth, women and marginalized and excluded groups;

Be consensusbased, whenever possible built on UNmember states existing agreements, while also strivingto go beyond previous agreements to make peopleslives better.

Whenever possible, goals and targets should reect whatpeople want, without dictating how they should get there.For example, all countries might subscribe to a target oreducing ood waste by a given percentage. But a low-income country might achieve this by investing in betterstorage and transport acilities, to keep ood rom spoiling

beore it gets to market, while a high-income countrymight do it by changing how ood is packaged, sold, andconsumed to reduce the amount o ood thrown away byhouseholds.

The Panel recommends that the post-2015 goals, whilekeeping those living in extreme poverty, and the promisesmade to them, at the heart o the agenda, should raisethe level o ambition or 2030 to reach all the neediestand most vulnerable. They should call or improving thequality o services. They should capture the priorities orsustainable development. And they should connect to oneanother in an integrated way.

O course, given vastly dierent capabilities, histories,starting points and circumstances, every country cannotbe asked to reach the same absolute target. All countrieswould be expected to contribute to achieving all targets,but how much, and at what speed, will dier. Ideally,nations would use inclusive processes to make thesedecisions and then develop strategies, plans, policies, laws,or budgets to implement them.xxvi

A ew examples that came up during Panel discussionsillustrate how priorities might vary, depending on count