Hkkjr - Drishti IASHkkjr 2019 lkj-laxzg n`f"V ifCyds'kUl 641, izFke ry] MkW- eq[kthZ uxj]...

Hkkjr2019

lkj-laxzg

n`f"V ifCyds'kUl641, izFke ry] MkW- eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&110009

nwjHkk"k% 011-47532596, 87501 87501

Website:www.drishtipublications.com, www.drishtiias.com

E-mail :[email protected]

izFke laLdj.k& vizSy 2019

ewY; % ` 280

izdk'kd n`f"VifCyds'kUl] (A Unit of VDK Publications Pvt. Ltd.)

641]izFkery]

MkW-eq[kthZuxj]

fnYyh&110009

fofèkd?kks"k.kk,¡

bl iqLrd eas izdkf'kr lwpuk,¡] lekpkj] Kku ,oa rF; iwjh rjg ls lR;kfir fd;s x, gSaA fiQj Hkh] ;fn dksbZ tkudkjh ;k

rF; xyr izdkf'kr gks x;k gks rks izdk'kd] laiknd ;k eqnzd mlls fdlh O;fDr&fo'ks"k ;k laLFkk dks igq¡ph {kfr ds fy;s

f”kEesnkj ugha gSA

ge fo'okl djrs gSa fd bl iqLrd esa Nih lkexzh ys[kdksa }kjk ekSfyd :i ls fy[kh xbZ gSA vxj dkWihjkbV mYya?ku dk

dksbZ ekeyk lkeus vkrk gS rks izdk'kd dks f”kEesnkj ugha Bgjk;k tk,xkA

lHkh fooknksa dk fuiVkjk fnYyh U;kf;d {ks=k esa gksxkA

© dkWihjkbV% n`f"V ifCyds'kal (A Unit of VDK Publications Pvt. Ltd.)] lokZfèkdkj lqjf{krA bl izdk'ku ds fdlh Hkh

va'k dk izdk'ku vFkok mi;ksx] izfrfyihdj.k] ,sls ;a=k esa HkaMkj.k ftlls bls iqu% izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gks ;k LFkkukUrj.k]

fdlh Hkh :i esa ;k fdlh Hkh fofèk ls (bysDVªkWfud] ;kaf=kd] iQksVks&izfrfyfi] fjdkWfM±x ;k fdlh vU; izdkj ls) izdk'kd

dh iwokZuqefr ds fcuk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

,e-ih- fizaVlZ] ch&220] isQ”k&2] uks,Mk (mÙkj izns'k) ls eqfnzrA

fç; ikBdks]

vki bl ckr dk lgt gh vuqeku dj ldrs gSa fd ;fn dksbZ iqLrd Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk ,oa çlkj.k ea=kky; ls çdkf'kr gks rks og ;wih,llh tSlh ijh{kk ds fy;s fdruh egÙoiw.kZ gksxhA ^Hkkjr&2019* ,d ,slh gh iqLrd gS tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds çdk'ku foHkkx }kjk çdkf'kr dh xbZ gSA ;g iqLrd blfy;s egÙoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd ,d rks blesa çkekf.kd rF;ksa ds lkFk ljdkj ds vkfèkdkfjd n`f"Vdks.k dk irk pyrk gS vkSj nwljk] ;g ml uhfr dk Hkh çfrfufèkRo djrh gS ftlls ifjfpr gksus dh mEehn Hkkoh flfoy lsodksa ls dh tkrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd u dsoy çkjafHkd ijh{kk cfYd eq[; ijh{kk vkSj lk{kkRdkj rd ds fy;s ;g iqLrd csgn ”k:jh gks tkrh gSA çLrqr iqLrd ^Hkkjr&2019 : lkj laxzg* Hkkjr ljdkj ds blh xzaFk dk lkjxfHkZr :i gSA vc] vkids eu esa bl ftKklk dk mRiUu gksuk LokHkkfod gh gS fd tc ewy iqLrd miyCèk gS rks ml ij vkèkkfjr dksbZ vU; iqLrd D;ksa i<+h tk,\

njvly] ewy iqLrd dks vk|ksikar i<+uk le; vkSj mi;ksfxrk ds fglkc ls mfpr j.kuhfr ugha gks ldrhA tc ijh{kk ds fygk”k ls egÙoiw.kZ lHkh rÙoksa dks yxHkx 250 i`"Bksa esa lesVk tk ldrk gS rks 750 i`"B i<+us dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA gk¡] ;fn vki ijh{kk ds fygk”k ls ugha cfYd tfVy ljdkjh vk¡dM+ksa] mu vk¡dM+ksa dh LokHkkfod foLr`r O;k[;k i<+us esa #fp j[krs gSa rks vki ewy xzaFk i<+ ldrs gSa] vU;Fkk vkids fy;s çLrqr laf{kIr :i gh mi;ksxh gSA fiQj vki tkurs gh gSa fd ^Hkkjr&2019* ewy :i ls vaxzs”kh esa fy[kh xbZ gS rFkk bldk fganh vuqokn dkiQh tfVy vkSj mckÅ gSA lkFk gh vuqokn dh Ñf=kerk dbZ ckj yxHkx foijhr vFkZ dks çdV dj nsrh gS ftlls ijh{kk esa vkidks xaHkhj uqdlku mBkuk iM+ ldrk gSA blfy;s gh tc ge bldk laf{kIr :i rS;kj dj jgs Fks rks geus bl ckr dk Hkjiwj è;ku j[kk fd u dsoy bldh iBuh;rk cuh jgs cfYd vki rd egÙoiw.kZ ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dk lVhd o ljy :ikarj.k igq¡psA vkidh lqfoèkk ds fy;s geus dks"Bd esa ewy vaxzs”kh 'kCnksa dks Hkh fn;k gS rkfd fdlh çdkj dh nqfoèkk u gksA blds vfrfjDr ,d pqukSrh rF;ksa dh çkekf.kdrk dks ysdj Hkh vkrh gSA njvly] fganh esa vuwfnr ^Hkkjr&2019* esa dbZ rF;kRed =kqfV;k¡ Hkh FkhaA blfy;s gh geus viuh iqLrd esa lHkh rF; ewy iqLrd ls gh fy;s gSa rkfd vki rd fliZQ çkekf.kd ckr gh igq¡psA gekjh 10 lnL;h; Vhe us fnu&jkr esgur djds bl iqLrd dks Hkk"kk;h vkSj rF;kRed :i ls =kqfVghu cukus dh gjlaHko dksf'k'k dh gSA

;g iqLrd ,d vkSj u”kfj;s ls vkids fy;s csgn egÙoiw.kZ gSA oLrqr% geus fiNys yxHkx 8–10 o"kks± esa ;wih,llh }kjk ^Hkkjr* ij vkèkkfjr iwNs x, ç'uksa dks Hkh blesa 'kkfey fd;k gSA blls vki ç'u iwNs tkus dh çÑfr ls ifjfpr gks ik,axs vkSj blh vuq:i ikB dks rS;kj djus dh j.kuhfr cuk ldsaxsA lkFk gh geus blds lkFk dqN vH;kl ç'u Hkh tksM+ fn;s gSa ftUgsa lkWYo dj vki lgt <ax ls laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dk fjoh”ku dj ik,axsA ^Hkkjr&2019* dks i<+rs le; vkidks bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd ;g Lo;a esa dksbZ laiw.kZ iqLrd ugha gS vFkkZr~ fliZQ bl iqLrd dh lwpukvksa dks vkRelkr~ dj ysus Hkj ls vkidk dke ugha pysxk cfYd bls ^lanHkZ iqLrd* ds lkFk tksM+dj rS;kj djus dh vko';drk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ;fn vki ^Hkkjr&2019* esa ÅtkZ ls lacafèkr dksbZ lwpuk çkIr djrs gSa rks mls ^foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh* dh iqLrd esa nh xbZ ^ÅtkZ* dh lkexzh ds lkFk rS;kj djsaA bl çdkj vki ÅtkZ ls lacafèkr fdlh Hkh çdkj ds ç'u dks vklkuh ls gy djus esa l{ke gksaxsA ,slk gh vki vU; fo"k;ksa ds lkFk Hkh djsaA vki pkgsa rks n`f"V ifCyds'kUl dh ‘Quick Book’ lhjh”k dk mi;ksx lanHkZ iqLrd ds :i esa dj ldrs gSaA ,slk djuk fuf'pr gh vkidh liQyrk dh jkg vklku djsxkA

var esa vkils fuosnu gS fd bl iqLrd dks ikBd ds lkFk&lkFk vkykspd dh u”kj ls Hkh i<+saA bl iqLrd ds lacaèk esa

vkidh tks Hkh jk; gks mls csf>>d ^8130392355* uacj ij okV~l,i eSlst ls Hkst nsaA vkidh jk; gekjs fy;s cgqewY; gSA

lkHkkj]

iz/kku laiknd

n`f"V ifCyds'kUl

nks 'kCn---

1. Hkkjr Hkwfe vkSj mlds fuoklh 1-5

2. jk"Vªh; izrhd 6-7

3. jktuhfrd lajpuk 8-17

4. Ïf"k 18-21

5. laLÏfr vkSj i;ZVu 22-31

6. ewy vkfFkZd vk¡dM+s 32-35

7. okf.kT; 36-40

8. lapkj vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh 41-52

9. j{kk 53-57

10. f'k{kk 58-69

11. ÅtkZ 70-77

12. i;kZoj.k 78-87

13. foÙk 88-102

14. dkWjiksjsV ekeys 103-106

15. [kk|] ukxfjd vkiwfrZ ,oa miHkksDrk ekeys 107-112

16. LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k 113-122

17. vkokl vkSj 'kgjh ekeys 123-126

18. Hkkjr vkSj fo'o 127-133

19. m|ksx 134-149

20. fofèk vkSj U;k; 150-157

21. Je] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj jksT+kxkj 158-163

22. tulapkj 164-172

23. vk;kstuk 173-177

24. xzkeh.k fodkl 178-185

25. oSKkfud vkSj izkS|ksfxdh; fodkl 186-195

26. ifjogu 196-204

27. ty lalkèku 205-215

28. dY;k.k 216-233

29. ;qok ekeys vkSj [ksy 234-238

30. jkT; rFkk dsaæ'kkflr izns'k 239-251

31. lkekU; lwpuk,¡ 252-258

vuqØe

1India Year Book

¶Hkkjrekuotkfrdkikyuk]ekuoHkk"kkdhtUeLFkyh]bfrgkldhtuuh]ikSjkf.kddFkkvksadhnknhvkSjijaijkdhijnknhjgkgSAekuobfrgklesa gekjhlokZf/dewY;okuvkSjlokZf/d f'k{kkiznlkexzhdk[k”kkukdsoyHkkjresafufgrgSA¸ &ekoZQ V~osu

lkekU; ifjp; (General Introduction)

zz Hkkjr vf}rh; (Unique) laLÑfr okyk ns'k gS vkSj ;g fo'o dh izkphure vkSj egkure lH;rkvksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g mÙkj esa ciZQ ls <ds fgeky; ls ysdj nf{k.k esa /wi ls ljkcksj rVorhZ xk¡okssa vkSj nf{k.k&if'pe rV ij vknzZ m".kdfVca/h; taxyksa] iwoZ esa czãiq=k ?kkVh ds mitkÅ {ks=k ls ysdj if'pe esa Fkkj jsfxLrku rd iSQyk gSA

zz Hkkjr dk {ks=kiQy 32,87,263 oxZ fdyksehVj gSA

zz vkdkj dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr fo'o esa lkrosa vkSj tula[;k dh n`f"V ls nwljs LFkku ij gSA

zz ;g mÙkj esa fo'kky fgeky; ls f?kjk gS vkSj nf{k.k dh vksj foLrkj ds lkFk doZQ js[kk ij 'kadq vkdkj /kj.k fd;s iwoZ esa caxky dh [kkM+h vkSj if'pe esa vjc lkxj ds chp fgan egklkxj esa iSQyk gSA

zz iwjh rjg mÙkjh xksyk¼Z esa fLFkr bldh eq[; Hkwfe dh vofLFkfr 8°4' vkSj 37°6' v{kka'k mÙkj rFkk 68°7' vkSj 97°25' ns'kkarj iwoZ esa gSA

zz mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd bldk v{kka'kh; foLrkj djhc 3,214 fdyksehVj vkSj iwoZ ls if'pe dh rjiQ ns'kkarjh; foLrkj djhc 2,933 fdyksehVj gSA

zz bldh LFkyh; lhek djhc 15,200 fdyksehVj gSA eq[; Hkwfe] y{k}hi lewg vkSj vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg lfgr rV js[kk dh dqy yackbZ 7,516.6 fdyksehVj gSA

HkkSxksfyd i`"BHkwfe (Geographical Background)zz Hkkjr dh lhek mÙkj&if'pe esa viQxkfuLrku rFkk ikfdLrku] mÙkj esa phu] HkwVku rFkk usiky] lqnwj iwoZ esa E;k¡ekj vkSj iwoZ esa ckaXykns'k ls yxrh gSA

zz ikd tyMe:eè; vkSj eUukj dh [kkM+h ls fufeZr ,d rax leqnzh pSuy Jhyadk dks Hkkjr ls i`Fkd~ djrk gSA

zz ns'k dks eq[; :i ls 6 vapyksa& mÙkjh] nf{k.kh] iwohZ] if'peh] eè;orhZ vkSj iwoksZÙkj vapy esa oxhZo`Qr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Hkkjr Hkwfe vkSj mlds fuoklh(Land and the People of India)1

HkkSfrd fo'ks"krk,¡ (Physical Features)

zz eq[; Hkwfe pkj Hkkxksa&fo'kky fgeky; {ks=k] xaxk vkSj fla/q ds eSnkuh Hkkx] jsfxLrkuh {ks=k vkSj nf{k.kh izk;}hi esa c¡Vh gSA

zz fgeky; ioZrekyk esa rhu yxHkx lekukarj Ük`a[kyk,¡ gSa] tks cM+s iBkjksa vkSj ?kkfV;ksa ls foHkkftr gSa] ftuesa ls d'ehj vkSj dqYyw tSlh dqN foLr`r vkSj vR;ar mitkÅ ?kkfV;k¡ izkÑfrd lkSan;Z ls Hkjiwj gSaA

zz xaxk vkSj fla/q ds eSnkuh Hkkx] djhc 2,400 fdyksehVj yacs vkSj 240 ls 320 fdyksehVj pkSM+s gSa] tks rhu fo'ks"k unh iz.kkfy;ksa& fla/q] xaxk vkSj czãiq=k ds csflu (Basin) ls fey dj cus gSaA

zz jsfxLrkuh {ks=k dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS& ^o`gn~ jsfxLrku* vkSj ^y?kq jsfxLrkuA*

zz o`gn~ jsfxLrku dPN ds ju ls mÙkj dh vksj ywuh unh rd iSQyk gSA

zz y?kq jsfxLrku dk foLrkj tSlyesj vkSj tks/iqj ds chp ywuh ls mÙkj&if'pe rd gSA

zz izk;}hih; iBkj xaxk vkSj fla/q ds eSnkuksa ls lVk gS] ftlesa 460 ls 1,220 ehVj rd vyx&vyx Å¡pkbZ okys igkM+ vkSj ioZrekyk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA buesa vjkoyh] foaè;] lriqM+k] eSdky vkSj vtark ioZrekyk,¡ izeq[k gSaA

zz if'peh ?kkVksa vkSj vjc lkxj ds chp ,d ladh.kZ rVorhZ iV~Vh gS] tcfd iwohZ ?kkVksa vkSj caxky dh [kkM+h ds chp ,d o`gÙkj rVorhZ {ks=k gSA

zz iBkj dk nf{k.kh fcanq uhyfxfj ioZrekyk ls fufeZr gS] tgk¡ iwohZ vkSj if'peh ?kkV feyrs gSaA mlds ijs dkMZee fgYl gS ftls if'peh ?kkV dk foLrkj ekuk tk ldrk gSA

HkwxHkhZ; lajpuk (Geological Structure)

zz HkwxHkhZ; {ks=k eq[; :i ls HkkSfrd fo'ks"krkvksa dk vuqlj.k djrk gS vkSj bls 3 {ks=kksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s gSaµ fgeky; vkSj mlls tqM+h ioZrekykvksa dk lewg] fla/q&xaxk dk eSnku vkSj izk;}hih; <kyA

zz mÙkj esa fgeky; vkSj iwoZ esa uxk&yq'kkbZ ioZr fuekZ.k djus okyh gypyksa ls fufeZr {ks=k gSaA bl {ks=k dk vf/drj Hkkx] tks vkt fo'o ds dqN lokZf/d euksje ioZrh; n`'; izLrqr djrk gS] og djhc 60 djksM+ o"kZ iwoZ leqnz FkkA

6 India Year Book

jk"Vªh; èot (National Flag)

zz Hkkjr dk jk"Vªh; èot frjaxk gS] ftlesa lekukarj rhu jaxksa dh ifV~V;k¡ gSaA lcls Åij xgjh dslfj;k iV~Vh gS] eè; esa lisQn vkSj lcls uhps xgjs gjs jax dh iV~Vh gSA

zz èot dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ dk vuqikr 3 : 2 gSA lisQn iV~Vh ds dsanz esa xgjs uhys jax dk ,d pØ gS] ftldk izk:i lezkV v'kksd ds lkjukFk fLFkr flag LraHk ij cus pØ dh r”kZ ij cuk;k x;k gSA

zz bldk O;kl lisQn iV~Vh dh pkSM+kbZ ds leku gS vkSj blesa 24 rhfy;k¡ gSaA Hkkjr dh lafo/ku lHkk us jk"Vª èot ds izk:i dks 22 tqykbZ] 1947 dks viuk;kA

zz ljdkj }kjk le;≤ ij tkjh xSj&lkafof/d (Non-Statutory) vuqns'kksa ds vfrfjDr jk"Vªh; èot ds izn'kZu ij jktfpÉksa vkSj ukeksa ds (nq#i;ksx dh jksdFkke) vf/fu;e] 1950 (1950 dk 12ok¡) vkSj jk"Vªh; xkSjo vieku fuokj.k vf/fu;e] 1971 (1971 dk 69ok¡) dh O;oLFkk,¡ ykxw gksrh gSaA

zz Hkkjrh; èot lafgrk] 2002 tks 26 tuojh] 2002 ls izHkkoh gqbZ] esa fof/] ijaijkvksa] izfof/;ksa vkSj vuqns'kksa lHkh dks ,d lkFk j[kk x;k gSA

zz Hkkjr dh èot lafgrk] 2002 ds vuqlkj vke ukxfjdksa] izkbosV laxBuksa] 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa vkfn }kjk jk"Vªh; èot ds izn'kZu ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha gS] ijarq bl ckjs esa jktfpÉksa vkSj ukeksa ds (nq#i;ksx dh jksdFkke) vf/fu;e] 1950 vkSj jk"Vªh; xkSjo vieku fuokj.k vf/fu;e] 1971 ds izko/kuksa vkSj bl fo"k; esa vf/fu;fer fdlh vU; dkuwu dh O;oLFkkvksa dk vuqikyu vfuok;Z gSA

jktfpÊ (State Emblem)

zz Hkkjr dk jktfpÉ lkjukFk fLFkr v'kksd ds flag LraHk dh vuqdfr gSA

zz ewy LraHk esa 'kh"kZ ij 4 flag gSa] tks ,d&nwljs dh vksj ihB fd, gq, gSaA blds uhps ?kaVs ds vkdkj ds in~e ds Åij ,d mHkjh gqbZ uDdk'kh esa ,d gkFkh] pkSdM+h Hkjrk gqvk ,d ?kksM+k] ,d lkaM+ rFkk ,d flag gSaA

zz fpdus cyqvk iRFkj ds ,dy CykWd dks dkV dj cuk, x, bl LraHk ij ^/eZpØ* lq'kksfHkr gSA

jk"Vªh;èot

jk"Vªh; izrhd(National Symbols)2

zz Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 26 tuojh] 1950 dks viuk, x, jktfpÉ esa dsoy 3 flag fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA

zz iV~Vh ds eè; esa mHkjh gqbZ uDdk'kh esa èkeZpØ gS] ftlds nkb± vksj ,d lkaM+ vkSj ckb± vksj ,d ?kksM+k gSA

zz iQyd ds uhps eqaMdksifu"kn~ dk lw=k lR;eso t;rs* nsoukxjh fyfi esa vafdr gS ftldk vFkZ gS& ¶lR; dh gh fot; gksrh gSA¸

zz Hkkjr ds jktfpÉ dk mi;ksx Hkkjr ds jktdh; (vuqfpr mi;ksx fu"ks/) vf/fu;e] 2005 ds rgr fu;af=kr gksrk gSA

jk"Vªªªxku (National Anthem)

zz johUnzukFk VSxksj }kjk ewy :i ls ckaXyk esa jfpr vkSj laxhrc¼ ^tu&x.k&eu* ds fganh laLdj.k dks lafo/ku lHkk us Hkkjr ds jk"Vªxku ds :i esa 24 tuojh] 1950 dks viuk;k FkkA

zz ;g loZizFke 27 fnlacj] 1911 dks Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkWUxzsl ds dydÙkk vf/os'ku esa xk;k x;k FkkA iwjs xhr esa 5 in gSaA

izFke in] jk"Vªxku dk iwjk ikB gS] tks bl izdkj gS%

tu&x.k&euvf/uk;dt;gs

HkkjrHkkX;fo/krkA

iatkc&fla/q&xqtjkr&ejkBk

nzkfoM+&mRdy&cax

foaè;fgekpy;equkxaxk

mPNytyf/rjaxA

rc'kqHkukestkxs]rc'kqHkvkf'k"kekaxs

xkgsrct;&xkFkkA

tu&x.k&eaxynk;dt;gsHkkjrHkkX;fo/krkA

t;gs]t;gs]t;gs]t;t;t;t;gsA

jk"Vªxku ds xk;u dh vof/ yxHkx 52 lsdaM gSA dqN voljksa ij jk"Vªxku dks laf{kIr :i esa xk;k tkrk gS] ftlesa bldh izFke vkSj vafre iafDr;k¡ (xkus dk le; yxHkx 20 lsdaM) gksrh gSa] tks bl izdkj gS%

tu&x.k&euvf/uk;dt;gs

HkkjrHkkX;fo/krkA

t;gs]t;gs]t;gs]t;t;t;t;gsAA

jk"Vªh;fpÉ

8 India Year Book


zzjkT;ksa dk la?k Hkkjr ,d /eZfujis{k yksdrkaf=kd x.kjkT; gS ftlesa 'kklu dh lalnh; iz.kkyh gSA

zz;g x.kjkT; 26 tuojh] 1949 dks lafo/ku lHkk }kjk LohÑr ,oa 26 tuojh] 1950 ls ykxw lafo/ku dh O;oLFkkvksa ds vuqlkj iz'kkflr gksrk gSA

zzlalnh; ljdkj ds lafo/ku dk <k¡pk ,dkRed fo'ks"krkvksa ds lkFk la?kkRed Hkh gSA Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr dsanz dh dk;Zikfydk ds laoS/kfud izeq[k Hkh gksrs gSaA

zzlafo/ku dk vuqPNsn 74(1) ;g fufnZ"V djrk gS fd dk;Z lapkyu esa jk"Vªifr dh lgk;rk djus vkSj mUgsa ijke'kZ nsus ds fy;s iz/kuea=kh ds usr`Ro esa ,d eaf=kifj"kn~ gksxh vkSj jk"Vªifr mlds ijke'kZ ls gh dk;Z djsaxsA

zzbl izdkj dk;Zikfydk dh okLrfod 'kfDr iz/kuea=kh ds usr`Ro esa xfBr eaf=kifj"kn~ esa fufgr gksrh gSA eaf=kifj"kn~ lkewfgd :i ls yksdlHkk ds izfr Hkh mÙkjnk;h gSA

zzjkT;ksa esa jkT;iky dh fLFkfr dk;Zikfydk ds iz/ku dh gksrh gS ijarq] okLrfod 'kfDr eq[;ea=kh ds usr`Ro esa eaf=kifj"kn~ esa fufgr gksrh gSA fdlh jkT; dh eaf=kifj"kn~ lkewfgd :i ls ml jkT; dh fo/kulHkk ds izfr mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSA

zz lafo/ku esa fo/k;h 'kfDr;k¡ laln ,oa fo/kulHkkvksa esa foHkkftr dh xbZ gSa rFkk 'ks"k 'kfDr;k¡ laln dks izkIr gSaA lafo/ku esa la'kks/u dk vf/dkj Hkh laln dks gh izkIr gSA

zz lafo/ku esa U;k;ikfydk] Hkkjr ds fu;a=kd rFkk egkys[kk ijh{kd] yksd lsok vk;ksx vkSj eq[; fuokZpu vk;ksx dh Lora=krk cuk, j[kus dk izko/ku gSA

ukxfjdrk (Citizenship)

zz lafo/ku esa laiw.kZ Hkkjr ds fy;s ,dy ukxfjdrk (Single citizenship) dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA

zz ,slk izR;sd O;fDr Hkkjr dk ukxfjd ekuk x;k gS] tks lafo/ku ykxw gksus ds fnu (26 tuojh] 1950 dks) Hkkjr esa LFkk;h :i ls fuokl dj jgk gks_ vkSj (d) tks Hkkjr esa iSnk gqvk gks_ vFkok ([k) ftlds ekrk&firk esa ls ,d Hkkjr esa iSnk gq, gks_ vFkok (x) tks lkekU;rk de&ls&de ik¡p o"kZ ls Hkkjrh; {ks=k esa jg jgk gksA

jktuhfrd lajpuk(Political Structure)3

zz ukxfjdrk vf/fu;e] 1955 ykxw gksus ds ckn ukxfjdrk xzg.k djus] fu/kZfjr djus rFkk lekIr djus ds laca/ esa izko/ku fd;s x, gSaA

ewy vf/dkj (Fundamental Rights)

zz lafo/ku esa lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy;s O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd :i ls dqN cqfu;knh Lora=krk dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA

zz eksVs rkSj ij lafo/ku esa Ng izdkj dh Lora=krk dh xkjaVh ewy vf/dkjksa ds :i esa nh xbZ gS] ftudh lqj{kk ds fy;s U;k;ky; dh 'kj.k yh tk ldrh gSA

zz lafo/ku ds rhljs Hkkx] vuqPNsn&12 ls 35 rd] esa ewy vf/dkjksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA

zz ;s ewy vf/dkj gSa%

z� lekurk dk vf/dkj] dkuwu ds le{k lekurk] /eZ] oa'k] tkfr] fyax ;k tUe&LFkku ds vk/kj ij HksnHkko dk fu"ks/ vkSj jks”kxkj ds fy;s leku volj_

z� fopkjksa dh Lora=krk vkSj vfHkO;fDr dk vf/dkj_

z� 'kks"k.k ls j{kk dk vf/dkj_

z� var%dj.k dh izsj.kk rFkk /eZ dks fuckZ/ :i ls ekuus] mlds vuq:i vkpj.k djus vkSj mldk izpkj djus dh Lora=krk dk vf/dkj_

z� ukxfjdksa ds fdlh Hkh oxZ dks viuh laLÑfr] Hkk"kk vkSj fyfi dks lajf{kr djus rFkk vYila[;dksa }kjk viuh ilan dh f'k{kk xzg.k djus ,oa f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dh LFkkiuk djus dk vf/dkj_

z� ewy vf/dkjksa dks ykxw djus ds fy;s laoS/kfud mipkjksa (Constitutional Remedies) dk vf/dkjA

jkT; ds uhfr&funs'kd fl¼kar (Directive Principles of State Policy)

zz lafo/ku eas fufgr jkT; ds uhfr&funs'kd fl¼kar ;|fi U;k;ky;ksa }kjk ykxw ugha djk, tk ldrs] rFkkfi os ^ns'k ds iz'kklu dk ewy vk/kj gS* vkSj ljdkj dk ;g dÙkZO; gS fd og dkuwu cukrs le; bu fl¼karksa dk ikyu djsA

zz ;s fl¼kar lafo/ku ds ^Hkkx 4* ds vuqPNsn&36 ls 51 esa fn;s x, gSaA

18 India Year Book


zz Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa o`Qf"k dh vge Hkwfedk gSA

zz 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj ns'k dh vkcknh dk 54.6 izfr'kr o`Qf"k vkSj blls tqM+h xfrfof/;ksa esa yxk gS vkSj ns'k ds ldy ewY; lao¼Zu (Gross Value Added) (orZeku ewY; ij o"kZ 2016–17 gsrq) esa bldh fgLlsnkjh 17.4 izfr'kr gSA

zz bl {ks=k dks izkFkfedrk nsrs gq, Hkkjr ljdkj us blds lrr~ fodkl gsrq ^e`nk LokLF; dkMZ ;kstuk* }kjk lrr~ vk/kj ij feV~Vh dh moZjrk esa lq/kj ykus] iz/kuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk (PMKSY) ds ekè;e ls ikuh dh c<+h gqbZ {kerk rFkk flapkbZ ds fy;s mi;ksx esa lq/kj djus] ijaijkxr o`Qf"k fodkl ;kstuk (PKVY) }kjk tSfod [ksrh dks leFkZu vkSj fdlkuksa dh vk; esa o`f¼ gsrq ,dho`Qr jk"Vªh; o`Qf"k ck”kkj ds l`tu dks leFkZu tSls dbZ dne mBk, gSaA

zz blds vfrfjDr] o`Qf"k {ks=k esa tksf[ke de djus ds fy;s [kjhiQ 2016 ds lkFk gh] iz/kuea=kh iQly chek ;kstuk (PMFBY) dh Hkh 'kqjQvkr dh xbZ gSA

fdlkuksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; uhfr (National Policy for Farmers)

zz Hkkjr ljdkj us fdlkuksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; uhfr (NPF) dk vuqeksnu fd;k gSA bl uhfr ds izko/kuksa esa&

z� ”kehu] ty] i'kq/u] eRL; {ks=kksa rFkk tSo&lalk/uksa laca/h laifÙk lq/kjksa_

z� lhekar izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds vuqiz;ksx tSls%& leFkZu lsok,¡ vkSj fuos'k_ o`Qf"k laca/h tSo&lqj{kk i¼fr;ksa_

z� vPNh xq.koÙkk ds cht vkSj jksxeqDr ikS/jksi.k lkexzh dh vkiwfrZ_

z� e`nk moZjrk vkSj LokLF; esa lq/kj ,oa ,dho`Qr dhVuk'kd izca/ i¼fr;k¡_

z� efgykvksa ds fy;s f'k'kq&x`g] f'k'kq ns[kHkky dsanzksa] iks"k.k] LokLF; ,oa izf'k{k.k gsrq leFkZu lsok,¡_

z� mfpr C;kt njksa ij lkaLFkkfud ½.k ds fy;s i;kZIr vkSj vklku igq¡p vkSj o`Q"kd vuqowQy chek izi=k_ lwpuk vkSj lapkj izkS|ksfxdh (vkbZlhVh) dk mi;ksx vkSj o`Qf"k foLrkj dks lqn`<+ djus gsrq o`Q"kd fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk_

Ïf"k(Agriculture)4

z� ns'k esa ,e,lih dk izHkkoh fozQ;kUo;u] o`Qf"k ck”kkj <k¡ps dk fodkl vkSj fdlku ifjokjksa gsrq xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa [ksrh ls brj jks”kxkj dh igy_ xzkeh.k mQtkZ gsrq ,dho`Qr n`f"Vdks.k vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

eq[; dk;ZozQe (Major Programmes)

iz/kuea=kho`Qf"kflapkbZ;kstuk(PMKSY)

zz bl ;kstuk dk vuqeksnu ` 50,000 djksM+ dh ykxr ds lkFk 5 o"kks± (2015-16 ls 2019-20) dh vof/ gsrq fd;k x;k gSA

zz bl vfHk;ku dk izca/u ty lalk/u] unh fodkl ,oa xaxk laj{k.k ea=kky; }kjk fd;k x;k gSA

zz ih,eds,lokbZ ds eq[; mís'; gSa&

z� tehuh Lrj ij flapkbZ esa fuos'kksa dks lefUor djuk] flapkbZ lqfo/k okys o`Qf"k ;ksX; {ks=k dk foLrkj_

z� ikuh dk viO;; de djus gsrq vkSj [ksrksa esa miyC/ ikuh dk csgrj mi;ksx_

z� lVhd flapkbZ vkSj vU; ikuh cpkus okyh izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks viukus esa o`f¼ (izfr cwan vf/d iQly)_

z� Hkwfexr tyk'k;ksa ds fjpktZ esa o`f¼ vkSj lrr~ ty laj{k.k izFkkvksa dks ykxw djuk vkfnA

fdlkuozQsfMVdkMZ(Kisan Credit Card)

zz fdlku ozsQfMV dkMZ ;kstuk iwjs ns'k esa lapkfyr gks jgh gS vkSj bldk fozQ;kUo;u okf.kfT;d cSadksa] lgdkjh cSadksa vkSj {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSadksa (vkjvkjch) }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA bl ;kstuk ls o`Qf"k xfrfof/;ksa gsrq ½.k izokg c<+kus esa enn feyh gSA

zz dslhlh vkof/d ½.k (Term Credit) vkSj ?kjsyw ”k:jrksa dks 'kkfey dj bls O;kid vk/kj fn;k x;k gSA

zz dslhlh ;kstuk dks ljyho`Qr dj bls ,Vh,e l{ke MsfcV dkMZ ds :i esa cnyk x;k gSA

zz ,d ckj ds fyf[kr izek.k (Documentation), lhek esa varfuZfgr ykxr o`f¼] lhek ds varxZr fdlh Hkh la[;k esa fudklh dh lqfo/k feyrh gS] ftlls f'kfoj yxkdj Hkqxrku dh ”k:jr [kRe gks tkrh gS rFkk fcpkSfy;ksa }kjk fdlkuksa dk 'kks"k.k de gksrk gSA

22 India Year Book


zz laLo`Qfr ea=kky; dks ns'k dh izkphu lkaLo`Qfrd èkjksgjksa ds laj{k.k vkSj ifjj{k.k dk nkf;Ro feyk gSA

zz ea=kky; ds pkj fe'ku Hkh gaS ftuds uke gSa% jk"Vªh; ikaMqfyfi fe'ku] jk"Vªh; Lekjd rFkk iqjko'ks"k fe'ku] jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; fe'ku vkSj xkaèkh èkjksgj LFky fe'kuA

zz eksVs rkSj ij ea=kky; gj izdkj dh lkaLo`Qfrd èkjksgjksa ds laj{k.k vkSj fodkl ds fy;s dk;Z dj jgk gSA ftuesa ewrZ lkaLo`Qfrd fojklr] vewrZ lkaLo`Qfrd fojklr vkSj Kku dh fojklr 'kkfey gSA

zz blds vykok ea=kky; ij xkaèkhth dh fojklr ds laj{k.k vkSj egÙoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa dk Lej.k djus vkSj egkiqjQ"kksa dh tUe 'krkCnh ds vk;kstu dk Hkh nkf;Ro gSA

zz ewrZ èkjksgj ds varxZr ea=kky; dsanz }kjk lajf{kr jk"Vªh; egÙo ds lHkh Lekjdksa dh ns[kjs[k Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo losZ{k.k* (Archaeological Survey of India-ASI) ds ekè;e ls djrk gSA

zz ewrZ dykvksa ds {ks=k esa ea=kky; n`'; dykvksa] fu"iknu dykvksa vkSj lkfgfR;d dykvksa esa layXu O;fDr;ksa] lewgksa vkSj lkaLo`Qfrd laxBuksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA

zz ea=kky; ns'k ds lHkh izeq[k iqLrdky;ksa dk laj{kd gSA

zz laLo`Qfr ea=kky; ckS¼ vkSj frCcrh laLo`Qfr ds laj{k.k vkSj izksRlkgu ds dk;Z esa Hkh yxk gS vkSj blds fy;s lkjukFk] okjk.klh vkSj ysg vkfn LFkkuksa esa fLFkr fofHkUu laLFkkvksa dh enn yh tkrh gSA

zz ea=kky; laLo`Qfr ds {ks=k esa ;wusLdks dh fofHkUu lafèk;ksa ds fozQ;kUo;u ds fy;s Hkh mÙkjnk;h gSA

yfyr dyk vdkneh (Lalit Kala Akademi)

zz yfyr dyk vdkneh (us'kuy ,dsMeh vkWiQ vkVZ) dh LFkkiuk 1954 esa dh xbZA

zz ;g Hkkjr esa n`'; dykvksa ds {ks=k esa 'kh"kZ lkaLo`Qfrd laLFkku gSA

zz ;g ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkku gS tks iwjh rjg ls laLo`Qfr ea=kky; }kjk foÙkiksf"kr gSA

zz vdkneh iwjs lky ,slh dbZ izn'kZfu;ksa vkSj 'kSf{kd dk;ZozQeksa dk vk;kstu djrh gS tks egÙoiw.kZ gksrs gSaA

zz vdkneh dk viuk iqLrdky;] dyk laxzg] vfHkys[kkxkj vkSj ifjj{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk gS vkSj ;g ns'kHkj esa mÙke ckSf¼d mRo`Q"Vrk okys fo}kuksa rFkk ifCyds'kUl dks enn nsrh gSA

laLÏfr vkSj i;ZVu(Culture and Tourism)5

zz vdkneh ds fe'ku dk eq[; fo"k; gS& vkèkqfud vkSj lelkef;d Hkkjrh; dyk dh le> dks c<+kukA

zz blds fy;s vdkneh jk"Vªh; dyk izn'kZuh vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; f=kukys& bafM;k (International Triennale -India) tSls vk;kstu djrh gSA

zz dyk dks c<+kok nsus dh vdkneh dh ,d vU; izeq[k xfrfofèk fofHkUu foèkkvksa] tSls& ewfrZf'kYi] xzkfiQDl] lsjsfeDl dyk vkSj fp=kdyk ds dykdkjksa dks dke djus ds fy;s LVwfM;ks iznku djuk gSA

zz fnYyh esa vdkneh x<+h esa dykdkj LVwfM;ks dk lapkyu djrh gS ftlesa yxHkx 200 dykdkj fu;fer :i ls dk;Z djrs gSaA

laxhr ukVd vdkneh (Sangeet Natak Akademi)zz 1945 esa ,f'k;kfVd lkslk;Vh vkWiQ caxky us ,d izLrko fn;k Fkk ftlesa ,d jk"Vªh; lkaLo`Qfrd U;kl cukdj mlds rgr rhu vdknfe;ksa u`R;] ukVd vkSj laxhr dh vdkneh] lkfgR; vdkneh vkSj dyk ,oa LFkkiR; dh vdkneh ds xBu dh ckr dgh xbZ FkhA

zz blh ds vuqlkj Lora=krk ds ckn rhu vdknfe;k¡ xfBr dh xb± ftuesa ls laxhr ukVd vdkneh viuh rjg dh igyh jk"Vªh; vdkneh Fkh] ftldh LFkkiuk rRdkyhu f'k{kk ea=kky; ds izLrko ls gqbZA

zz 1961 esa ljdkj us laxhr ukVd vdkneh dk ,d lkslk;Vh ds :i esa iquxZBu fd;k vkSj lkslk;Vh iathdj.k vf/fu;e] 1860 ds varxZr bldk iathdj.k djk;kA

zz vdkneh us Hkkjr esa laxhr] u`R; vkSj ukV~; lkèkuk djus okyksa dh enn ds fy;s ,dho`Qr <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k dk;Z fd;k] ftlds varxZr 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k lesr ns'k ds lHkh Hkkxksa dh ikjaifjd vkSj vk/qfud dyk,¡ 'kkfey gksaA

zz vdkneh ds ikl vkWfM;ks vkSj ohfM;ks Vsi] 16 feeh fiQYeksa] iQksVksxzkiQ vkSj Vªkalisjsalht dk fo'kky vfHkys[kkxkj gSA

zz ;g fu"iknu dykvksa ds {ks=k esa vuqlaèkku djus okyksa ds fy;s ns'k esa lwpukvksa vkSj lkexzh dk lcls cM+k lzksr gSA

zz vdkneh dh izdk'ku bdkbZ izklafxd fo"k;ksa esa NksVs iSekus ij lkfgR; dk izdk'ku djrh gSA

zz baiQky fLFkr tokgjyky usg: ef.kiqjh u`R; vdkneh dh LFkkiuk 1954 esa gqbZ FkhA ;g ef.kiqjh u`R; vkSj laxhr dk izf'k{k.k nsus okyh izeq[k laLFkk gSA

zz 1959 esa vdkneh us fnYyh esa ^jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;* vkSj ^,f'k;kbZ jaxeap laLFkku* dh LFkkiuk dhA

zz 1964 esa fnYyh esa gh dFkd dsanz LFkkfir fd;k x;kA

32 India Year Book


zzlkaf[;dh foHkkx rFkk dk;ZozQe dk;kZUo;u foHkkx ds foy; ls o"kZ 1999 esa ,d Lora=k ea=kky; ds :i esa lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZozQe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation – MoSPI) vfLrRo esa vk;kA

zzea=kky; ds nks Ldaèk (Wings) gSa] ,d dk lacaèk lkaf[;dh ls vkSj nwljs dk dk;ZozQe dk;kZUo;u ls gSA lkaf[;dh Ldaèk dks jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (National Statistics Office–NSO) ds :i esa u;k uke fn;k x;k gS] ftlesa dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (Central Statistical Office–CSO) vkSj jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (National Sample Survey Office–NSSO) 'kkfey gSaA

zzdk;ZozQe dk;kZUo;u Ldaèk ds fMoh”ku gSa% (i) chl lw=kh dk;ZozQe (ii) cqfu;knh <k¡pk vkSj ifj;kstuk fuxjkuh (iii) lkaln LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstukA

jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx (National Statistical Commission)

jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx (NSC) dk xBu lkaf[;dh; ekeyksa eas lkaf[;dh; izkFkfedrkvksa vkSj ekudksa dks rS;kj djus] mudh fuxjkuh djus vkSj mUgsa ykxw djus rFkk lkaf[;dh; leUo; lqfuf'pr djus rFkk ns'k dh lHkh izeq[k lkaf[;dh; xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy;s ,d dsanzh; vkSj vfèkdkj izkIr laxBu ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy;s o"kZ 2006 esa fd;k x;kA

Hkkjrh;lkaf[;dhlaLFkku(Indian Statistical Institute)zz Hkkjrh; lkaf[;dh laLFkku dk iathdj.k ,d xSj&ykHkdkjh vè;;u lkslk;Vh ds :i esa 28 viSzy] 1932 dks if'pe caxky lkslk;Vht jftLVsª'ku ,DV] 1860 ds varxZr gqvk FkkA

zz lS¼kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd lkaf[;dh ds {ks=k esa laLFkku }kjk fn;s x, mRÑ"V ;ksxnkuksa ds iQyLo:i bl laLFkku dks ^jk"Vªh; egÙo dk laLFkku* ds :i esa ekU;rk feyh ftlls bls fMxzh@fMIyksek iznku djus dk vfèkdkj izkIr gqvkA

dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (Central Statistics Office)

zz dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (CSO) lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; ls lac¼ dk;kZy; gS] tks ns'k esa lkaf[;dh; xfrfofèk;ksa dk leUo; djrk gS vkSj lkaf[;dh; ekud rS;kj djrk gSA

ewy vk£Fkd vk¡dM+s(Basic Economic Data)6

zz bldh xfrfofèk;ksa esa vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; [kkrksa] vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad] '[email protected]@fefJr miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkadksa] ¯yx lacaèkh vk¡dM+ksa lfgr ekuo fodkl vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu] m|ksxksa ds ok£"kd losZ{k.k dk lapkyu vkSj vk£Fkd tux.kuk rFkk dk;kZy; lacaèkh lkaf[;dh esa izf'k{k.k iznku djuk 'kkfey gSA

zz lh,lvks jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa lkaf[;dh ds fodkl esa lgk;rk Hkh djrk gS vkSj mQtkZ lkaf[;dh] lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.k lkaf[;dh dk izlkj rFkk jk"Vªh; vkS|ksfxd oxhZdj.k Hkh rS;kj djrk gSA

jk"Vªh;ys[kk(National Accounts)

zz lh,lvks dk jk"Vªh; ys[kk fMoh”ku (NAD) jk"Vªh; ys[kk dh rS;kjh] ftlesa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) dk vkdyu] jk"Vªh; vk;] ljdkjh@futh vafre miHkksx O;;] lkaLFkkfud {ks=kksa ds ysu&nsu ds fooj.k lfgr iwath fuekZ.k vkSj cpr 'kkfey gaS] ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSA

zz ,u,Mh izR;sd o"kZ ^jk"Vªh; ys[kk lkaf[;dh* dk izdk'ku djrk gS ftlesa ;s lkaf[;fd;k¡ gksrh gSaA

ewY; vk¡dM+k laxzg.k (Price Data Collection)

zz xzkeh.k [kqnjk ewY; laxzg.k (Rural Retail Price Collection)% xzkeh.k [kqnjk ewY;ksa ds lax`ghr vk¡dM+ksa dk bLrseky Ñf"k Jfedksa gsrq miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad (CPI) rS;kj djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

zz orZeku esa] Je ,oa jks”kxkj ea=kky; ds varxZr Je C;wjks Ñf"k Jfedksa gsrq lhihvkbZ ladfyr vkSj izdkf'kr djrk gSA

zz miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad ('kgjh) [Consumer Price Index (Urban)]% ewY;ksa dk laxzg.k jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) }kjk 310 'kgjksa ds 1,114 m¼j.kksa (Quotations) ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA

zz bu m¼j.kksa (Quotations) esa ls 1,078 m¼j.kksa dh tokcnsgh ,u,l,lvks ij gS] 'ks"k v#.kkpy izns'k] fe”kksje vkSj y{k}hi ds 36 m¼j.kksa dh O;oLFkk lh,lvks }kjk dh tkrh gSA

zz lhihvkbZ ('kgjh) tula[;k ds rhu O;kid {ks=kksa (èkuh] eè;e vkSj xjhc) ds vkèkkj ij oLrqvksa ds ewY; lax`ghr djrk gSA

zz Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (Wholesale Price Index–WPI)% okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=kky; ds vkS|ksfxd uhfr vkSj lao¼Zu foHkkx ds vuqjksèk ij ,u,l,lvks MCY;wihvkbZ ds ekStwnk Jsf.k;ksa vkSj ubZ

36 India Year Book


zz okf.kT; foHkkx m|ksx ,oa okf.kT; ea=kky; ds vèkhu vkrk gSA okf.kT; foHkkx dks vko';drkuqlkj mfpr varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa okf.kfT;d uhfr;ksa dks cukus o muds çkoèkkuksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr ds varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa okf.kT; ds fofu;eu] fodkl vkSj laoèkZu ds fy;s vfèkÑr fd;k x;k gSA

zz foHkkx dk ewy dk;Z varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ds Rofjr fodkl gsrq mfpr okrkoj.k vkSj vkèkkjHkwr <k¡ps (volajpuk) ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk nsuk gSA foHkkx fons'k O;kikj uhfr (Foreign Trade Policy–FTP) dk çfriknu] fØ;kUo;u ,oa fuxjkuh djrk gS ftlds }kjk fu;kZr vkSj O;kikj laoèkZu ds fy;s viukbZ tkus okyh uhfr vkSj dk;Zfofèk dk cqfu;knh vkèkkjHkwr <k¡pk feyrk gSA blds vykok foHkkx dks cgqi{kh; vkSj f}i{kh; okf.kfT;d lacaèkksa] fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa] jkT; O;kikj] fu;kZr laoèkZu ,oa O;kikj lqfoèkk] dqN fu;kZrksUeq[k m|ksxksa ,oa oLrqvksa ds fodkl ,oa fofu;eu ls tqM+h f”kEesnkfj;k¡ nh xbZ gSaA

zz Hkkjr ljdkj ds okf.kT; foHkkx us o"kZ 2020 rd ns'k dks oSf'od O;kikj ds çeq[k Hkkxhnkj cukus vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj laxBuksa esa Hkkjr dh vxz.kh Hkwfedk dks mlds c<+rs egÙo ds vuq:i cukus gsrq ç;kl djus dh lksph gSA eè;e vofèk dh lksp esa Hkkjr ds oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds 2017–18 rd fu;kZr dks 2008–09 ds Lrj dk nksxquk djuk vkSj nh?kkZofèk dh lksp esa oSf'od O;kikj esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh dks Hkh nksxquk djus dk y{; gSA

oSf'od ifjn`'; (Global Scenario)zz oSf'od ladVksa us iwjs lalkj dks vyx&vyx <ax ls çHkkfor fd;k ftlesa vkfFkZd eanh vkSj fo'o O;kikj esa ladqpu Hkh vkrk gSA gkyk¡fd fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) ds gkfy;k vk¡dM+s fo'o O;kikj ds laHkkoukvksa dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gSaA o"kZ 2017 ds fy;s fo'o esa O;kikfjd eky ds ysunsu esa 3.6 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA blh o"kZ ds fy;s fiNyk vuqeku 2.4 çfr'kr FkkA

zz fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh 2017 dh çsl foKfIr ds vuqlkj ,f'k;k vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk* esa vk'kk ls dgha vfèkd o`f¼ gqbZ gS tgk¡ 2016 esa de”kksj ifj.kkeksa ds ckn vk;kr dh fLFkfr fiQj ls lqèkj jgh gSA

zz o"kZ 2018 ds O;kikj o`f¼ 1.4 ls 4.4 çfr'kr dh lhek esa jgrs gq, 3.2 çfr'kr rd jguh pkfg;s D;ksafd vHkh oSf'od ldy

okf.kT;(Commerce)7

fodkl nj dekscs'k fLFkj gSA fLFkfr esa bl lqèkkj ij O;kikfjd uhfrxr mik;ksa] dM+s vkfFkZd mik;ksa] Hkw&jktuhfrd rukoksa vkSj [kphZyh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa ds dkj.k foijhr çHkko Hkh iM+ ldrk gSA

zz 2018 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh fodkl nj 7.4 çfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku yxk;k x;kA ,slk gksus ij ;g fo'o esa lcls vfèkd rs”kh ls c<+us okyh vFkZO;oLFkk gks tk,xhA varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (IMF, tuojh 2018) ds vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk esa fujarj e”kcwrh vk jgh gSA oSf'od foÙkh; ladV ds dkj.k 2016 esa oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk vius lcls fupys Lrj 3.2 çfr'kr ij Fkh mlds Hkh vc 2018 vkSj 2019 esa 3.9 çfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku gSA

zz csgrj gq, ckgjh dkjdksa] vuqdwy oSf'od foÙkh; ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh gkyr lqèkjus esa lgk;rk feyus ds dkj.k bl o"kZ vkSj vkus okys o"kks± esa mHkjrs gq, ck”kkjksa vkSj fodklksUeq[k vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh fodkl nj esa o`f¼ dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA phu vkSj ,f'k;k ds vusd mHkjrs gq, {ks=kksa esa fodkl esa e”kcwrh cuh gqbZ gSA

è;ku nsus ;ksX; orZeku eqís (Current Focus Areas)

fodkl dh bl mRlkgtud Nykax ds ckotwn tgk¡ rd fu;kZr {ks=k dk lacaèk gS] dbZ tksf[ke ds {ks=k ,sls gSa ftu ij foHkkx dks è;ku dsafnzr djuk gSA buesa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gSa& fons'k O;kikj uhfr 2015–20 dh leh{kk djds mls e”kcwr fd;k x;k gSA oL=k {ks=k ds nks mi{ks=kksa] vFkkZr rS;kj (jsMhesM) ifjèkkuksa vkSj cus&cuk, oL=kksa ds fy;s MEIS çksRlkguksa dks 2 çfr'kr ls c<+kdj 4 çfr'kr dj fn;k x;k gS ftlesa 2743 djksM+ dk vfrfjDr çksRlkgu 'kkfey gSA lsokvksa ds O;kikj dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s vfèklwfpr lsokvksa] tSls& O;olk;] U;kf;d] ys[kk dk;Z] okLrq&dyk lacaèkh] vfHk;kaf=kdh (bathfu;fjax)] 'kS{kf.kd] fpfdRlky;] gksVy ,oa jsL=kk¡ ds fy;s SEIS çksRlkguksa dks 2 çfr'kr c<+k fn;k x;k gSA lsok {ks=k ds fy;s vuqekfur vfrfjDr okf"kZd çksRlkgu jkf'k ` 1140 djksM+ gksxhA çfrHkwfr çek.k&i=kksa o 'ks;jksa ds LFkkukarj.k rFkk fcØh ij th,lVh dks 12 çfr'kr ls ?kVkdj 'kwU; dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk Lo;a ?kks"k.kk ds lkFk lhek 'kqYd NwV ;kstuk ds varxZr fu;kZr mRiknuksa ds fy;s djeqDr fuos'kksa dh vuqefr nsus ds fy;s ubZ U;klh vkèkkfjr Lo;a&lR;kiu (Self-declaration) ;kstuk 'kq: dj nh xbZ gSA

41India Year Book


zzlapkj vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk lapkyu bysDVªkWfudh ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; vkSj lapkj ea=kky; djrk gSA

zzbysDVªkWfudh ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; bZ&xous±l ,oa bysDVªkWfudh ds lrr~ fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds lkFk gh] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh m|ksxksa dk foLrkj vkSj ns'k esa baVjusV xous±l dks izksRlkgu nsrk gSA ogha lapkj ea=kky; dk dke Mkd ,oa nwjlapkj foHkkx dh ns[k&js[k djuk gSA

Mkd (Post)zzHkkjr esa o"kZ 1766 esa lcls vfèkd ilanhnk vkèkqfud Mkd iz.kkyh

dk izkjaHk ykWMZ Dykbo us fd;k Fkk vkSj bls 1774 esa okjsu gsfLVaXl us vkxs c<+k;kA

zzMkd usVodZ dk rs”kh ls foLrkj 1786 ls 1793 ds nkSjku gqvkA

zzo"kZ 1837 esa ,d vfèkfu;e ds ekè;e ls igyh ckj Mkd?kjksa dks fu;eu O;oLFkk ds varxZr yk;k x;k rkfd rRdkyhu rhu izsflMsafl;ksa ds lHkh Mkd?kjksa dks vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok ds nk;js esa yk;k tk ldsA

zzrRi'pkr~ 1854 ds Mkd?kj vfèkfu;e esa la'kksèku ds lkFk laiw.kZ Mkd O;oLFkk dk Lo:i cny x;k vkSj 1 vDrwcj] 1854 ls Hkkjr ds Mkd?kj orZeku iz'kklfud rjhds ls pyk, tkus yxsA

zzns'k esa igyk Mkd fVdV blh le; tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk tks iwjs ns'k esa ekU; FkkA

zzorZeku esa iksLV vkWfiQl ,DV] 1898 }kjk Hkkjrh; Mkd lsokvksa dk fu;a=k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

zzesy vkWMZj lsok 1877 esa ewY; ns; iz.kkyh 'kq: gksus ds lkFk izkjaHk gqbZ] tcfd 1880 ls euh vkWMZj lsok ds ekè;e ls njokts ij èkujkf'k izkIr djuk laHko gqvkA

zz1882 esa Mkd?kj cpr cSad izkjaHk gksus ds lkFk cSafdax lqfoèkk lHkh yksxksa rd igq¡ph vkSj 1884 rd lHkh ljdkjh dfeZ;ksa dks Mkd thou chek ds varxZr yk;k x;kA

zzMkd lapkj lqfoèkk iznku djus ds vfrfjDr Mkd?kj usVodZ 19oha lnh ds mÙkjk¼Z ls èku dk gLrkarj.k] cSafdax vkSj chek lsok Hkh iznku dj jgk gSA

laxBudkfooj.k(Organization Overview)zzMkd foHkkx] lapkj ea=kky; ds varxZr vkrk gSA

lapkj vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh(Communications and Information Technology)8

zzfoHkkx dk 'kh"kZ izcaèku fudk; Mkd lsok cksMZ gSA cksMZ esa ,d vè;{k ,oa Ng lnL; gksrs gSaA

zzMkd lsok cksMZ dk vè;{k Mkd foHkkx dk lfpo gksrk gSA

foÙkh;lsok,¡(Financial Services)Mkd?kj cpr cSad }kjk cpr [kkrs] vkorhZ tek (Recurring

Deposit-RD)] lkofèk tek (Time Deposit-TD)] ekfld vk; ;kstuk (Monthly Income Scheme-MIS)] ifCyd izkWfoMsaV iaQM (Public Provident Fund-PPF)] jk"Vªh; cpr izek.k&i=k (National Savings Certificate-NSC)] fdlku fodkl&i=k (Kisan Vikas Patra-KVP)] ofj"B ukxfjd cpr ;kstuk (Senior Citizen Savings Scheme-SCSS) vkSj lqdU;k lef¼ [kkrk tSlh ;kstuk,¡ pykbZ tk jgh gSaA

dksjcSafdax(Core Banking)zzdksj cSafdax lekèkku (Core Banking Solution) Mkd?kjksa esa

vko';d lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh volajpuk ds lkFk fofHkUu lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh lekèkkuksa dks ykuk gSA

zzifj;kstuk dk mís'; pkyw ;kstukofèk ds nkSjku y?kq cpr ;kstukvksa ds fy;s lHkh foHkkxh; Mkd?kjksa esa dksj cSafdax lekèkku dks ykxw djuk gSA

zzifj;kstuk ls ^dHkh Hkh] dgha Hkh cSafdax* (Any time Anywhere Banking)] ,Vh,e rFkk baVjusV cSafdax lqfoèkk fey ldsxhA

zz10 vxLr] 2018 rd 23,557 Mkd?kjksa dks lhch,l (dksj cSa¯dx lek/ku) esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;k gSA ns'kHkj esa 982 LFkkuksa ij 995 ,Vh,e Hkh LFkkfir fd;s x, gSaA

E;wpqvyiaQM~l(Mutual Funds)orZeku esa 2000 ls vf/d Mkd?kjksa ds ekè;e ls ;wfuV VªLV

vkWiQ bafM;k ds fofHkUUk E;wpqvy iaQM mRiknksa dh [kqnjk fcØh dh tk jgh gSA

varjkZ"Vªh;èkugLrkarj.klsok(International Money Transfer Service)zzvarjkZ"Vªh; èku gLrkarj.k lsok fons'kksa ls O;fDrxr rkSj ij Hkkjr

esa èku Hkstus dk Rofjr vkSj lgt rjhdk gSA

zzosLVuZ ;wfu;u tSlh vR;kèkqfud èku gLrkarj.k foÙkh; lsokvksa ds lg;ksx ls Mkd?kjksa ds ekè;e ls yxHkx 195 ns'kksa ls Hkkjr esa fdlh O;fDr dks Hkstk tkus okyk èku 'kh?kz vkSj lgt rjhds ls fey tkrk gSA

zzorZeku esa ;g lqfoèkk ns'k ds 9953 LFkkuksa ij miyCèk gSA

53India Year Book


zz orZeku esa j{kk {ks=k fdlh Hkh ns'k ds lkefjd egÙo okys {ks=kksa esa loZizeq[k gSA ns'kksa }kjk viuh thMhih dk ,d cM+k fgLlk j{kk {ks=k esa O;; fd;k tkrk gSA ns'kksa ds chp c<+rh vR;k/qfud gfFk;kjksa ,oa j{kk izkS|ksfxdh dh gksM+ vkfn dks ekStwnk varjkZ"Vªh; lqj{kk esa fujarj ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj vR;f/d vfLFkjrk ds ekgkSy ds :i eas ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

zz Hkkjr us blh rjg ds mHkjrs gq, [+krjksa ls fuiVus vkSj {ks=kh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; 'kkafr o fLFkjrk c<+kus ds mís'; ls dbZ vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk e”kcwr j{kk Hkkxhnkjh laca/ksa dks izxk<+ cuk;k gSA

zz lhekikj vkradokn ds fo#¼ laxfBr u”kfj;k viuk, tkus dh ”k:jr dks fey jgh igpku ds dkj.k n{ksl f'k[kj lEesyu (SAARC Summit) dk jí gks tkuk vkSj vkradokn eqDr okrkoj.k esa cSBd vk;ksftr djus dh ekax djuk bl fn'kk esa egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukØe FkkA

zz ¯gn egklkxj esa Hkkjr dh dsanzh; miegk}hih; fLFkfr vkSj Hkw&jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa us bls leqnz esa Hkjkslsean cuk fn;k gSA

zz eè; ,f'k;k esa Hkkjr dk fgr mldh Hkw&lkefjd vofLFkfr] i;kZIr ÅtkZ] izkÑfrd lalk/uksa dh miyC/rk vkSj izkphu ,sfrgkfld ,oa lkaLÑfrd laca/ksa ij vk/kfjr gSA

zz ns'k dh lqj{kk esa o`f¼ djuk] çkÑfrd vkSj ekuo fufeZr vkink ds nkSjku ekuoh; lgk;rk vkSj vkink jkgr çnku djuk] l'kL=k cyksa dk vkèkqfudhdj.k djuk vkSj ^esd&bu&bafM;k* igy ds ekè;e ls j{kk midj.kksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj Lons'khdj.k dks leFkZu nsuk j{kk ea=kky; dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ jgh gSaA

j{kk ea=kky; (Ministry of Defence)zz j{kk ea=kky; dk eq[; dk;Z j{kk vkSj lqj{kk laca/h lHkh ekeyksa esa uhfr&funsZ'k cukuk vkSj mUgsa dk;kZfUor djus ds fy;s lsuk eq[;ky;ksa] varj&lsok laxBuksa] mRiknu izfr"Bkuksa (Production Establishments) vkSj vuqla/ku rFkk fodkl laxBuksa dks Hkstuk gSA

zz j{kk foHkkx j{kk ctV] LFkkiuk ekeyksa] j{kk uhfr] lalnh; ekeyksa] vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk j{kk lg;ksx vkSj j{kk laca/h lHkh dk;Zdykiksa ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSA

zz j{kk mRiknu foHkkx j{kk mRiknu dk;ks±] vk;kr fd;s tkus okys lkeku] miLdjksa vkSj dyiqtks± ds ns'khdj.k] vk;q/ fuekZ.k cksMZ vkSj j{kk {ks=k ds lkoZtfud miØeksa dh foHkkxh; mRiknu bdkb;ksa

j{kk(Defence)9

ds ckjs esa ;kstuk rS;kj djus rFkk mu ij fu;a=k.k j[kus ls lacaf/r dk;Z djrk gSA

zz j{kk vuqla/ku ,oa fodkl foHkkx] lSU; miLdjksa vkSj laHkkjra=k

(Military Equipment and Logistics) ls lacaf/r oSKkfud igyqvksa

ij ljdkj dks lykg nsrk gS vkSj rhuksa lsukvksa }kjk visf{kr

lktks&lkeku ds vuqla/ku] fM”kkbu vkSj fodkl dk;ks± ds fy;s

;kstuk,¡ rS;kj djrk gSA

zz j{kk ea=kky; ds varxZr pkj foHkkx vkrs gSa& j{kk foHkkx (Department of Defence)] j{kk mRiknu foHkkx (Department of Defence Production)] j{kk vuqla/ku ,oa fodkl foHkkx (Department of Defence Research and Development) vkSj iwoZ lSfud dY;k.k

foHkkx (Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare)A

zz è;krO; gks] Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn 53(2) ds rgr l'kL=k

lsukvksa dh loksZPp deku jk"Vªifr esa fufgr gksrh gSA lkFk gh

jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dh f”kEesnkjh dsanzh; eaf=keaMy ds ikl gksrh gSA

zz j{kk ea=kky; ds izeq[k ds :i esa j{kk ea=kh dk;Z djrk gSA j{kk

lfpo] j{kk foHkkx ds izeq[k ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA

Fkylsuk(Army)

zz Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk (Indian Army) ns'k dh {ks=kh; v[kaMrk dks

lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; lhekvksa ds nqxZe bykdksa vkSj ekSle

dk lkeuk djrs gq, gj fLFkfr esa izfrc¼ jgrh gSA

zz Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk dh izf'k{k.k Vhesa fo'o ds 10 ns'kksa esa mudh

lsukvksa dkss izf'k{k.k nsus vkSj ;q¼ dkS'ky fl[kkus esa egÙoiw.kZ

Hkwfedk fuHkkrh vk jgh gSaA

zz Fkylsuk dk vk/qfudhdj.k 5 mi&O;oLFkkvksa ;kuh ?kkrd 'kfDr

(Lethality)] cps jgus dh ;ksX;rk (Survivability)] xfr'khyrk (Mobility)] fLFkfr ds izfr tkx:drk (Situational Awareness) vkSj fVds jgus dh {kerk (Sustainability) ds vk/kj ij fd;k tk

jgk gSA

zz Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk bl le; la;qDr jk"Vª ds 15 vfHk;kuksa esa ls

7 vfHk;kuksa esa lcls cM+h lsuk Hkstus okyksa esa ls ,d gSA

zz Hkkjr us lhfu;j fe'ku vf/dkfj;ksa] efgyk lSU; vf/dkfj;ksa vkSj

pq¯unk vÚhdh lg;ksfx;ksa ds fy;s cM+s Lrj ij ;w,u ihldh¯ix

dkslZ vk;ksftr fd;s gSa vkSj og ,d izeq[k izf'k{kd cudj mHkjk gSA

58 India Year Book


zz ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; (Ministry of Human Resource Development–MHRD) ns'k esa ekuo lalkèku ds fodkl dks le£ir ea=kky; gSA ea=kky; nks foHkkxksa esa foHkkftr gS&

(i) Ldwyh f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk foHkkx& ;g izkFkfed] ekè;fed] mPprj ekè;fed f'k{kk] o;Ld f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk ls lacafèkr gSA

(ii) mPp f'k{kk foHkkx& ;g fo'ofo|ky;h f'k{kk] rduhdh f'k{kk] Nk=ko`fÙk vkfn ls lacafèkr gSA

zzf'k{kk] ekuo lalkèku fodkl dk lkj gS] tks ns'k osQ lkekftd& vk£Fkd rkus&ckus dks larqfyr djus esa egÙoiw.kZ vkSj mipkjkRed Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA

zzns'k dks vius ukxfjdksa dks csgrj xq.koÙkk okyk thou nsus osQ fy;s ekSfyd f'k{kk osQ :i esa fodkl vkSj ns[kHkky dh vko';drk gSA

zzvPNh xq.koÙkk dh f'k{kk ubZ [kkstksa] u, Kku] uokpkj ,oa m|ferk dk vkèkkj gS tks O;fDr osQ lkFk&lkFk ns'k osQ fodkl ,oa le`f¼ dh 'kq#vkr djrh gSA

zzf'k{kk osQ ikB~;Øeksa vkSj vè;kiu dk;Z dks lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fglkc ls izklafxd cukus dh vko';drk gSA

zzekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; }kjk lekt osQ de”kksj oxks± osQ Nk=kksa osQ 'kS{kf.kd fodkl ij ”kksj nsus osQ fy;s fuEufyf[kr dne mBk, x, gSa%

�zvYila[;dksa] vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr vkSj fnO;kaxksa osQ fy;s jk"Vªh; fuxjkuh lfefr dk xBu_

�zNk=kksa osQ fy;s jk"Vªh; lkèku lg&;ksX;rk Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk (NMMSS)] ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ fy;s yM+fd;ksa dks izksRlkgu nsus osQ fy;s jk"Vªh; ;kstuk (NSIGSE)_

�ztEew vkSj d'ehj osQ fy;s fo'ks"k Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk_

�zf'k{kk Í.k ij C;kt lfClMh dh ;kstuk_

�zHksnHkko dh jksdFkke dk fu;eu rFkk vksEcqM~leSu dh LFkkiuk_

�zjSfxax osQ fo#¼ ,d osc iksVZy fodflr djuk vkfnA

fu%'kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vkSj

loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku (Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan)

zzfu%'kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk vfèkdkj (vkjVhbZ) vfèkfu;e] 2009 vkSj vuqPNsn 21d 1 vizSy] 2010 ls ns'k esa izHkkoh gSA

zzvkjVhbZ vfèkfu;e 6 ls 14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ lHkh cPpksa dks fdlh vkSipkfjd LowQy (Formal school) esa lekurk osQ vkèkkj ij izkFkfed f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj iznku djrk gSA bu LowQyksa dks oqQN vfuok;Z fl¼karksa vkSj ekudksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk gSA

zzlHkh jkT;ksa vkSj osaQnz'kkflr izns'kksa }kjk vius&vius vkjVhbZ (RTE) fu;eksa dh vfèklwpuk tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA

zzosaQæ&izk;ksftr loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku (SSA) vkjVhbZ vfèkfu;e dks ykxw djus esa jkT;ksa vkSj osaQnz'kkflr izns'kksa osQ iz;klksa esa lg;ksx vkSj leFkZu nsrk gSA

zzblesa u, fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk] LowQyksa vkSj vfrfjDr d{kkvksa dk fuekZ.k] f'k{kdksa dh O;oLFkk vkSj f'k{kdksa dks lsokdkyhu izf'k{k.k rFkk 'kSf{kd lalkèku lgk;rk] fu%'kqYd ikB~;iqLrosaQ] ;wuhiQkWeZ] lh[kus (vè;;u) osQ Lrj esa lqèkkj gsrq lg;ksx] vuqlaèkku] ewY;kaoQu vkSj fuxjkuh tSls gLr{ksi (lg;ksx) 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

dk;ZØe gLr{ksi (Programme Interventions)

1.loZlqyHkrk(Universal Access)zzu, LowQy% loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku osQ varxZr fiNys o"kks± esa loZ lqyHkrk

osQ y{; dh izkfIr dh fn'kk esa izxfr fujarj cuh gqbZ gSA fiNys o"kks± esa 2,04,740 izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa] lkFk gh 3 fdeh- osQ nk;js esas 1,59,415 mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dks ea”kwjh nh tk pqdh gSA

zzLowQy u tkus okys cPpksa dks eq[;èkkjk esa ykus gsrq fo'ks"k izf'k{k.k% vkjVhbZ vfèkfu;e esa LowQy ugha tkus okys cPpksa dks mudh vk;q osQ vuqlkj mi;qDr d{kkvksa esa izos'k nsus osQ fy;s fo'ks"k izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA tks cPps LowQy ugha tk losQ gSa] muesa ls vfèkdrj cPps oafpr (lqfoèkkfoghu) leqnk;ksa ls vkrs gSaA bu cPpksa dks fo'ks"k izf'k{k.k vkoklh; vFkok xSj&vkoklh; ikB~;Øe osQ rkSj ij fn;k tk jgk gSA

zzvkoklh; lqfoèkk,¡% de vkcknh okys ;k ioZrh; rFkk ?kus taxyksa okys nqxZe {ks=kksa esa LowQyh Nk=kksa osQ fy;s vkoklh; lqfoèkk iznku dh tkrh gSA ?kuh vkcknh okys mu {ks=kksa esa tgk¡ LowQy [kksyus osQ fy;s ”kehu vklkuh ls ugha feyrh] ogk¡ Hkh vkoklh; lqfoèkk nh tkrh gSA

zzifjogu vFkok vuqj{k.k lqfoèkk,¡% ;s lqfoèkk,¡ mu cPpksa dks iznku dh tkrh gSa tks nwj&njkt osQ {ks=kksa esa fc[kjh gqbZ cfLr;ksa esa jgrs gSa] ;k mu 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa tgk¡ ”kehu dk feyuk ,d leL;k gS] ;k mu cPpksa dks nh tkrh gS tks vR;ar oafpr oxZ osQ gSa vFkok fo'ks"k vko';drk okys (fnO;kax) gSaA

f'k{kk(Education)10

70 India Year Book


zzÅtkZ vk£Fkd fodkl vkSj thou&Lrj csgrj cukus dk ,d vko';d lk/u gSA

zzlekt esa ÅtkZ dh c<+rh ”k:jrksa dks mfpr ykxr ij iwjk djus ds fy;s ÅtkZ ds ikjaifjd lk/uksa ds fodkl] ÅtkZ ds xSj&ijaijkxr] oSdfYid] uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; lzksrksa] tSls& lkSj] iou vkSj tSo ÅtkZ vkfn ds fodkl vkSj lao/Zu ij yxkrkj è;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA

zzns'k esa ÅtkZ lqyHkrk dh fn'kk esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ds fy;s ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds fodkl dks yxkrkj c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA

fo|qr (Power) zzfo|qr ea=kky; ns'k esa fo|qr ÅtkZ ds fodkl ds fy;s izkFkfed

rkSj ij mÙkjnk;h gSA

zzea=kky;&ifjizs{; fu;kstu] uhfr fu/kZj.k] fuos'k laca/h fu.kZ;ksa ds fy;s ifj;kstuk O;oLFkk] fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh fuxjkuh] izf'k{k.k ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dk fodkl vkSj iz'kklu rFkk rkih; ,oa iufctyh mRiknu ds laca/ eas dkuwu dk vf/fu;e] ikjs"k.k ,oa forj.k ls lac¼ gSA

zzlHkh rduhdh ekeyksa esa dsanzh; fo|qr izkf/dj.k (lhbZ,)] fo|qr ea=kky; dh lgk;rk djrk gSA

zzdsanzh; {ks=k esa mRiknu vkSj ikjs"k.k ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj lapkyu dk dke dsanzh; {ks=k ds fctyh fuxeksa] ;Fkkµus'kuy FkeZy ikoj dkWjiksjs'ku (NTPC)] us'kuy gkbMªksbysfDVªd ikoj dkWjiksjs'ku (NHPC), ukFkZ&bZLVuZ bysfDVªd ikoj dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM (NEEPCO) rFkk ikoj fxzM dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM (PGCIL) dks lkSaik x;k gSA

zzikoj fxzM dsanzh; {ks=k esa lHkh orZeku vkSj Hkkoh ikjs"k.k ifj;kstukvksa rFkk jk"Vªh; fctyh fxzM ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s Hkh f”kEesnkj gSA

zzla;qDr {ks=k ds nks fctyh fuxeksa&lryqt tyfo|qr fuxe (SJVN) (iwoZ esa bls ukFkik&>kdM+h ikoj dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk) vkSj fVgjh iufctyh fodkl fuxe (THDC), fgekpy izns'k esa ukFkik&>kdM+h fctyh ifj;kstuk rFkk mÙkjk[kaM esa fVgjh gkbMªks ikoj dkWEIysDl ds lapkyu ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSaA

zzrhu oS/kfud fudk;] ;Fkkµ nkeksnj ?kkVh fuxe (DVC), Hkk[kM+k&C;kl izca/u cksMZ (BBMB) rFkk ÅtkZ n{krk C;wjks (BEE) Hkh fo|qr ea=kky; ds iz'kklfud fu;a=k.k esa gSA

zzxzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k ds dk;ZØeksa ds fy;s xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k fuxe (REC) foÙkh; lgk;rk nsrk gSA

ÅtkZ(Energy)11zzfo|qr foÙk fuxe (PFC) vkSj xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k fuxe (REC)

fo|qr {ks=k dh ifj;kstukvksa dks vkof/d foÙkh; lgk;rk nsrs gSaA

zznks Lok;Ùk fudk; (laLFkk,¡)] ;Fkkµdsanzh; fo|qr vuqla/ku laLFkku (CPRI) vkSj jk"Vªh; fo|qr izf'k{k.k laLFkku (NTPI) Hkh fo|qr ea=kky; ds iz'kkldh; fu;a=k.k ds v/hu gSaA

zzizeq[k :i ls futh {ks=k dh fo'kky fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dh lgk;rk ds fy;s fctyh O;kikj fuxe dk xBu fd;k x;k gS] tks fctyh [kjhn le>kSrks a (PPAs) dks vafre :i nsus okyk ,dek=k laxBu gSA

{kerk vfHko`f¼ (Capacity Addition)ckjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa 99,209.47 esxkokV lap;h {kerk

vfHkof¼ izkIr dh xbZA iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds bfrgkl esa ,slk igyh ckj gqvk gS] tc {kerk vfHko`f¼ y{; dks vis{kk ls csgrj izkIr fd;k x;kA

vYVªkesxkikojifj;kstuk,¡(Ultra Mega Power Projects)

zzHkkjr ljdkj us uoacj 2005 esa fo|qr ea=kky; ds ekè;e ls vYVªk esxk fo|qr ifj;kstuk,¡ (fiV gSM vkSj vk;kfrr dks;yk vk/kfjr nksuksa) izkjaHk djus dh igy dh FkhA

zzbl igy dk mís'; Hkkjr esa fo'kky {kerk okyh fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dk fodkl djuk FkkA

esxkfo|qruhfr(Mega Power Policy)

zzesxk fo|qr uhfr 1995 esa vkjaHk dh xbZ FkhA bl uhfr dk y{; fo'ks"k rkSj ij futh {ks=k esa fiVgsM (Pithead) ij fo'kky vkdkj ds fo|qr la;a=kksa dh LFkkiuk ds ekè;e ls mRiknu dh ykxr esa deh ykuk rFkk fo|qr dh leL;k dk lkeuk dj jgs nwjnjkt ds {ks=kksa rd fo|qr dk ikjs"k.k djuk FkkA

zzblds ckn bl uhfr esa vusd la'kks/u fd;s x, vkSj lkoZtfud ,oa futh nksuksa {ks=kksa esa esxk fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds :i esa fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds rgr dqN fof'k"V vf/lwfpr ifj;kstukvksa dh igpku dh xbZA

jk"Vªh;fxzMdkfodkl(Development of National Grid)

zzns'k esa jk"Vªh; fo|qr fxzM dk fodkl pj.kc¼ :i ls fd;k tk jgk gSA

zzik¡pksa {ks=kh; fxzM] ;Fkk&mÙkjh {ks=k] if'peh {ks=k] iwohZ {ks=k] iwoksZÙkj {ks=k vkSj nf{k.kh {ks=k ledkfyd eksM (Synchronous Mode) esa varl±c¼ gSa vkSj varj&{ks=kh; laidks± dh dqy gLrkarj.k {kerk twu 2017 esa yxHkx 75,050 esxkokV FkhA

78 India Year Book


zzi;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky;] dsanz ljdkj dh uksMy ,tsalh gSA

zz;g >hyksa rFkk ufn;ksa lesr ns'k ds izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa] bldh tSo fofoèkrk] ouksa rFkk oU;thou ds laj{k.k ls lacafèkr i;kZoj.k ,oa ou uhfr;ksa rFkk dk;ZØeksa dk fØ;kUo;u ns[krh gSA

zz;g ea=kky; la;qDr jk"Vª i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe (UNEP)] nf{k.k ,f'k;k lgdkjh i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe (SACEP)] varjkZ"Vªh; ,dhÑr ioZr fodkl dsanz (ICIMOD) vkSj la;qDr jk"Vª i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl lEesyu (UNCED) dh Hkh uksMy ,tsalh gSA

Hkkjrh; ouLifr losZ{k.k (Botanical Survey of India)zzHkkjrh; ouLifr losZ{k.k (BSI) ns'k ds taxyh ikni lalkèkuksa ds

oxhZdj.k rFkk iwQyksa ds vè;;u gsrq 'kh"kZ vuqlaèkku laxBu gSA

zzns'k ds ikni lalkèkuksa dh ryk'k djus rFkk vk£Fkd egÙo okyh ikni iztkfr;ksa dks igpkuus ds cqfu;knh mís'; ds lkFk bldh LFkkiuk 1890 esa dh xbZ FkhA

zzvk”kknh ds ckn 1954 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us ns'k ds oSKkfud fodkl ds fgLls ds :i esa foHkkx dk iquxZBu fd;kA

zziapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds nkSjku ch,lvkbZ ds dkedkt dk vkèkkj c<+k fn;k x;k vkSj mlesa dbZ vU; xfrfofèk;k¡ Hkh 'kkfey dj nh xb±] tSls& LFkkuh;] nqyZHk rFkk tksf[ke esa iM+h ikni iztkfr;ksa dh lwph cukukA

zzoU;tho vHk;kj.;] jk"Vªh; m|ku ,oa tSoeaMy laj{k.k LFky tSls nqcZy ikfjra=kksa ,oa lajf{kr {ks=kksa dk vè;;u djukA

zzikSèkksa ls lacafèkr ikjaifjd Kku dks fy[kdj j[kuk rFkk gcsZfj;e ds uewuksa@thfor laxzgksa@ouLifr ds fp=kksa@js[kkfp=kksa] ikSèkksa ds forj.k ,oa ukedj.k] ikSèkksa ds mi;ksx vkfn dk jk"Vªh; MsVkcsl rS;kj djukA

Hkkjrh; izk.kh losZ{k.k (Zoological Survey of India)zz1916 esa viuh LFkkiuk ds ckn ls gh blus losZ{k.k] [kkst ,oa

vuqlaèkku dk dke fd;k gSA

zzbldk eq[;ky; dksydkrk esa gS vkSj ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa blds 16 {ks=kh; dsanz gSA

zz,d ds ckn ,d iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds nkSjku ”ksM,lvkbZ dk dkedkt Hkh yxkrkj c<+rk x;kA

zzblds izeq[k dk;ks± esa i;kZoj.k ij izkf.k;ksa ds izHkko dk vkdyu_

i;kZoj.k(Environment)12

zzyqIrizk; iztkfr;ksa dh fLFkfr dk losZ{k.k_

zztSo fofoèkrk ij i;kZoj.k lwpuk iz.kkyh (ENVIS)_

zzoU;tho (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1972 dks ykxw djus esa lgk;rk djuk gSA

Hkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k (Forest Survey of India)

zzHkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k (FSI) fu;fer varjky ij ns'k ds ou lalkèkuksa dk vkdyu djrk gSA

zzHkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k dh LFkkiuk 1981 esa izh&bUosLVesaV losZ vkWiQ iQkWjsLV fjlkslsZt* (PISFR) ds LFkku ij dh xbZA

zzihvkbZ,l,iQvkj dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 1965 esa vkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ,iQ,vks ,oa ;w,uMhih }kjk izk;ksftr FkkA

zzihvkbZ,l,iQvkj dk eq[; mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fd ns'k esa pq¯unk {ks=kksa esa ydM+h ij vkèkkfjr m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s dPpk eky feyrk jgsA

zztwu 1981 esa ihvkbZ,l,iQvkj dk iquxZBu dj ,iQ,lvkbZ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA

oukPNknu dk [kkdk cukuk (Forest Cover Mapping)

zzHkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k izR;sd nks o"kZ esa mixzg ls feyh tkudkjh dk fo'ys"k.k dj ns'k ds oukPNknu dk irk yxkrk gSA

zz1987 ls 2017 rd 15 ckj ,sls vkdyu fd;s tk pqds gSaA

zzoukPNknu ds lkFk gh ouksa ds ckgj ds o`{kksa (Vhvks,iQ) dh lwph ls vk¡dM+s ysdj ns'kHkj esa o`{kksa ds vkoj.k dk Hkh vkdyu fd;k tk jgk gSA

ouksadhlwph(Forest Inventory)

zzouksa rFkk ouksa ds ckgj o`{kksa dh lwph ,iQ,lvkbZ dh nwljh izeq[k xfrfofèk gSA

zz,iQ,lvkbZ 2002 ls gh jk"Vªh; ou lwph (,u,iQvkbZ) ds fy;s uewus dh ubZ fM”kkbu dk iz;ksx dj jgk gSA

zzns'k dks izkÑfrd Hkwxksy lacaèkh 14 {ks=kksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS vkSj bu {ks=kksa ls 60 f”kyksa dks vusd vkdkj ds vuqikr esa Nk¡Vk x;k rkfd nks&nks o"kZ esa foLr`r lwph rS;kj dh tk ldsA

zzgky gh esa Vhvks,iQ (Tree Outside Forest) lalkèkuksa dh egÙkk c<+ xbZ gS D;ksafd ydM+h ij vkèkkfjr m|ksxksa vkSj lekt dh ”k:jrsa iwjh djus esa mudh Hkwfedk c<+ xbZ gSA

88 India Year Book


zz foÙk ea=kky; ij ljdkj ds foÙk dk iz'kklu laHkkyus dk nkf;Ro gSA bldk lacaèk iwjs ns'k dks izHkkfor djus okys lHkh vkfFkZd ,oa foÙkh; fo"k;ksa ls gSA ;g jkT;ksa dks lalkèku ds varj.k (Transfer) lesr ljdkj ds O;; dk fu;eu djrk gSA

zz bl ea=kky; esa ik¡p foHkkx gS] ftuds uke gSa% (i) vkfFkZd ekeys (ii) O;; (iii) jktLo (iv) fuos'k vkSj yksd ifjlaifÙk izcaèku rFkk (v) foÙkh; lsok,¡A

vkfFkZd ekeyksa dk foHkkx (Department of Economic Affairs)zz foHkkx orZeku vkfFkZd #>kuksa ij u”kj j[krk gS vkSj ewY;] Í.k] jktdks"kh; rFkk ekSfæd uhfr ,oa fuos'k lacaèkh fu;eu lesr mu lHkh ekeyksa ij ljdkj dks lykg nsrk gS] ftudk vkfFkZd izcaèku ds vkarfjd ,oa fons'kh igyqvksa ij izHkko gks ldrk gSA

zz foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh] laLÑfr rFkk f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa gq, varjkZ"Vªh; f}i{kh; fof'k"V le>kSrksa ds varxZr izkIr lg;ksx ds vfrfjDr Hkkjr dks feyus okys lHkh izdkj ds fons'kh] foÙkh; ,oa rduhdh lg;ksx dh fuxjkuh Hkh blh foHkkx }kjk dh tkrh gSA

zz vkfFkZd ekeyksa ds foHkkx esa fuEufyf[kr izHkkx gSa%

z� ,dhÑr foÙk izHkkx_

z� jktdks"kh; f”kEesnkjh ,oa ctV izcaèku (FRBM) lfgr ctV izHkkx_

z� foÙkh; ck”kkj izHkkx_

z� f}i{kh; lg;ksx vkSj iz'kklu izHkkx_

z� cgqi{kh; laLFkk,¡ izHkkx_

z� cgqi{kh; lacaèk izHkkx_

z� lgk;rk] ys[kk ,oa ys[kkijh{kk ds fu;a=kd izHkkx_

z� vkfFkZd izHkkx_

z� fuos'k izHkkx ,oa flDdk vkSj eqæk izHkkx_

z� volajpuk uhfr ,oa foÙk izHkkxA

zz dsaæh; ctV rS;kj djus vkSj mls laln ds lkeus izLrqr djus dk nkf;Ro Hkh vkfFkZd ekeyksa ds foHkkx dk gSA

zz Hkkjr ljdkj ds iw.kZ LokfeRo okys fuxe flD;ksfjVh fizafVax ,aM feafVax dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM (SPMCIL), dk iz'kklfud fu;a=k.k eqæk funs'kky; ds ikl gksrk gSA

zz cSad uksV ,oa flDdksa ds fM”kkbu vFkok lqj{kk rÙoksa ls lacafèkr uhfr;k¡ ,oa dk;ZØe rS;kj djus rFkk fØ;kfUor djus ,oa Lekjd flDds tkjh djus ds vfrfjDr funs'kky; dks bl {ks=k esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl xfrfofèk;k¡ lapkfyr djus rFkk cSad uksV ,oa vU; lqj{kk mRiknks a ds mRiknu gsrq leLr vko';d lkexzh dk Lons'khdj.k djus dk vfèkdkj gSA

okf"kZd ctV (Annual Budget)Hkkjr dk dsaæh; ctV (jsy ctV lesr) izR;sd o"kZ iQjojh ds

izFke dk;Z fnol ij Hkkjr ds foÙk ea=kh }kjk laln esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA

okf"kZdfoÙkh;fooj.k(Annual Financial Statement)zz lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 112 ds varxZr izR;sd foÙk o"kZ ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj dh vuqekfur vk; vFkok izkfIr;ksa ,oa O;; dk fooj.k laln ds lkeus izLrqr djuk gksrk gSA

zz ^okf"kZd foÙkh; fooj.k* dgykus okyk ;g fooj.k gh ctV dk eq[; nLrkos”k gksrk gSA

zz okf"kZd foÙkh; fooj.k ljdkj dh vk; ,oa Hkqxrku dks rhu Hkkxksa esa fn[kkrk gS%

(d) lesfdr fuf/@lafpr fuf/ (Consolidated Fund),

([k) vkdfLed fuf/ (Contingency Fund),

(x) yksd [kkrk (Public Account)A

zz ljdkj dk lHkh izdkj dk O;; lesfdr fuf/ ls gh gksrk gSA

zz laln ls vuqefr izkIr fd;s cxSj lesfdr fuf/ ls jkf'k dk vkgj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

zz laln dh vuqefr ds cxSj gh vkikr ,oa vizR;kf'kr O;; djus ds fy;s vfxze vFkok is'kxh ds :i esa jk"Vªifr ds vèkhu vkdfLed fuf/ gksrh gSA

zz ,sls O;; ds fy;s rFkk blds lerqY; jkf'k dk vkgj.k lesfdr fuf/ ls djus ds fy;s ckn esa laln ls vuqeksnu izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA ckn esa vkdfLed fuf/ ls [kpZ gqbZ jkf'k dh HkjikbZ dj nh tkrh gSA

zz laln }kjk vfèkÑr lexz fuf/ (The corpus of the fund) esa vHkh ` 500 djksM+ dh jkf'k gSA

zz ljdkj dh lesfdr fuf/ ls lacafèkr lkekU; izkfIr;ksa ,oa O;; ds vfrfjDr dqN vU; fuf'pr ysu&nsu ljdkj ds [kkrksa esa vkrs gSa] ftuds lanHkZ esa ljdkj cSadj ds leku dke djrh gSA

foÙk(Finance)13

103India Year Book


zz dkWjiksjsV dk;Z ea=kky; eq[;r% daiuh vf/fu;e] 2013; daiuh vf/fu;e] 1956; lhfer ns;rk Hkkxhnkjh iQeZ vf/fu;e] 2008 rFkk buds rgr cuk, x, vU; lac¼ dkuwuksa rFkk fu;eksa ,oa fofu;eksa ls lacaf/r dk;Z ns[krk gS] ftldk mís'; eq[; :i ls dkWjiksjsV {ks=k dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dk dkuwu ds vuqlkj fu;eu djuk gSA

zz dkWjiksjsV dk;Z ea=kky; dk laxBukRed <k¡pk f=k&Lrjh; gSA

zz dkWjiksjsV dk;Z ea=kky; dk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa vkSj lkr {ks=kh; egkfuns'kd dk;kZy; vgenkckn] psUubZ] gSnjkckn] dksydkrk] eaqcbZ] ubZ fnYyh rFkk f'kykWUx esa gSaA

zz blds vfrfjDr ea=kky; ds 15 daiuh iath;d dk;kZy; vkSj 14 vkf/dkfjd ifjlekid (Liquidators) gSaA

dsanzh; iathdj.k dasnz (Central Registration Centre)

zz daiuh fuxehdj.k dh izfØ;k esa ifjorZu ds fy;s bZ&izi=k ifj;kstuk ykxw dh xbZ ftldk Li"V mís'; ;g Fkk fd uke vkj{k.k rFkk daiuh ds fuxehdj.k dh izksls¯lx Hkqxrku iqf"V dh frfFk+1 fnu esa Js"B varjkZ"Vªh; O;ogkjksa ds vuq:i dh tk ldrh gSA

zz dkWjiksjsV dk;Z ea=kky; us vkosndksa ds uke vkj{k.k izkslsl djus ds fy;s 2016 esa dasnzh; iathdj.k dsanz dk igyk pj.k 'kq: fd;k vkSj 2016 esa gh daiuh vkosndksa ds fuxehdj.k ij vey djus dk nwljk pj.k vkjaHk fd;kA

zz bu lc ifj.kkeksa ds iQyLo:i fuxehdj.k laca/h vkosnuksa dh izksls¯lx dh xfr esa rs”kh vkbZ gS] ikjn£'krk c<+h gS lkFk gh ,d:irk esa c<+ksrjh vkSj foosdkf/dkj esa deh (Eradication of Discretion) vkbZ gSA

O;olk; djus dh lqxerk (Ease of Doing Business)

zz ea=kky; us bZ&,evks, (bysDVªkWfud eseksjsaMe vkWiQ ,lksfl,'ku) rFkk bZ&,vks, (bysDVªkWfud vk£Vdy vkWiQ ,lksfl,'ku) ds lkFk daifu;ksa ds fuxehdj.k ds fy;s ljy funsZ'ku&i=k (,lihvkbZlhbZ) r; fd;k gS ftlls vkosnd }kjk bysDVªkWfud eseksjsaMe vkWiQ ,lksfl,'ku rFkk bysDVªkWfud vk£Vdy vkWiQ ,lksfl,'ku ij O;fDrxr :i ls gLrk{kj djus dh vko';drk lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj m|fe;ksa dks fcuk fdlh ck/k ds Hkkjr esa dkjksckj 'kq: djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA

zz fuxehdj.k ds fy;s iQhl 2,000 ls ?kVkdj 500 dj nh xbZ gSA

zz daiuh fuxehdj.k iQkeZ ds LFkku ij ,dhÑr vkbZ,ulh&29 iQkeZ yk;k x;k gSA bl iQkeZ dh izksls¯lx 1-2 dk;Zfnolksa esa dh tk

jgh gSA

zz iSu tkjh djus vkSj bysDVªkWfud :i esa daifu;ksa ds fuxehdj.k

ds fy;s ,lihvkbZlhbZ dk mi;ksx djrs gq, fuxfer daiuh dks

igyk VSu tkjh djus ds fy;s ,elh,&21 iz.kkyh dk dsanzh; izR;{k

dj cksMZ (CBDT) ds lkFk bysDVªkWfud ,dhdj.k fd;k x;k gSA

zz vc fgr/kjd PAN vkSj TAN ds fy;s fuxehdj.k vkosnu

izLrqr djus ds le; vkosnu djrs gSaA

zz vk; dj foHkkx }kjk fn;k x;k iSu iQjojh 2017 ls daiuh

fuxehdj.k ds izek.k&i=k ij fpidk fn;k tkrk gSA blls vusd

rjg dh izksls¯lx dh la[;k vkSj ns'k esa O;olk; 'kq: djus esa

yxus okys le; esa deh vkbZ gSA

zz daiuh fu;e] 2014 (cksMZ dh cSBd vkSj bldh 'kfDr;k¡) ds

fu;e 15 esa ekpZ 2017 ls la'kks/u fd;k x;k gS rkfd fuoy

ewY;@fuoy dkjksckj dh lhek 10 izfr'kr ls de gksA igys 10 izfr'kr ls vf/d dh lhek ds fy;s dsoy cksMZ ds LFkku ij

lnL;ksa dh LohÑfr ysuh iM+rh FkhA

zz daiuh vf/fu;e] 2013 ds varxZr ,d leku eqgj dks oSdfYid

cuk;k x;k gSA

lhchMhVhrFkkdkWjiksjsVdk;Zea=kky;dschple>kSrkKkiu

zz dkWjiksjsV dk;Z ea=kky; (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) rFkk dsanzh; izR;{k dj cksMZ (CBDT) ds chp vk¡dM+ks a ds vknku&iznku ds fy;s 6 flracj] 2017 dks vkf/dkfjd le>kSrk Kkiu (,evks;w) fd;k x;kA

zz ;g ns'k esa iQ”khZ daifu;ksa ('ksy daifu;ksa)] /u'kks/u vkSj dkyk /u dh leL;k ls fuiVus vkSj fofHkUUk xSj&dkuwuh mís';ksa ds fy;s 'ksy daifu;ksa ds ”kfj;s dkWjiksjsV lajpuk dk nq#i;ksx jksdus gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 'kq: fd;s x, dne dks izksRlkgu nsxkA

uksV% fo'o cSad }kjk ^Mwbax fc”kusl fjiksVZ&2019* ds vkdyu esa 190 ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS ftlesa Hkkjr 2017 ds 100osa ik;nku ls vkSj Åij p<+dj vc 77osa ik;nku ij igq¡p x;k gSA

dkWjiksjsV ekeys(Corporate Affairs)14

107India Year Book


zz o"kZ 1983 esa [kk| foHkkx dks Ñf"k ea=kky; ls vyx dj ,d u, [kk| vkSj ukxfjd vkiw£r ea=kky; ds :i esa xBu fd;k x;kA

zz twu 1991 esa ,d Lora=k [kk| ea=kky; dk xBu fd;k x;kA ysfdu ekpZ 1992 esa dk;Zdq'kyrk esa lq/kj djus ds mís'; ls [kk| ea=kky;] ftlesa igys ,d gh foHkkx Fkk] dks nks foHkkxksa&[kk| foHkkx vkSj [kk| [kjhn vkSj forj.k foHkkx esa ck¡V fn;k x;kA

zz twu 1997 esa [kk| ea=kky; vkSj ukxfjd vkiw£r ea=kky; dk foy; dj ^[kk| ,oa miHkksDrk ekeys ea=kky;* dk xBu fd;k x;k ftlesa rhu foHkkx& [kk| vkSj ukxfjd vkiw£r foHkkx] 'kdZjk ,oa [kk| rsy foHkkx vkSj miHkksDrk ekeys foHkkx j[ks x,A

zz vDrwcj 1999 esa [kk| vkSj miHkksDrk ekeys ea=kky; dk uke cnydj miHkksDrk ekeys vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky; uke fn;k x;k ftlesa ;s rhuksa foHkkx ;Fkkor j[ks x,A

zz varr% tqykbZ 2000 esa rRdkyhu miHkksDrk ekeys vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky; dk uke miHkksDrk ekeys] [kk| vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky; j[kk x;k] ftlesa [kk| vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k foHkkx vkSj miHkksDrk ekeys foHkkx ds uke ls nks foHkkx j[ks x,] tks orZeku esa dk;Zjr gSaA

zz [kk| vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k foHkkx dk mís'; U;wure leFkZu ewY; (MSP) ij [kk|kUuksa dh i;kZIr [kjhn] HkaMkj.k rFkk [kk|kUu forj.k dj vukt dk ciQj LVkWd cuk, j[kus lfgr uhfrxr mik;ksa ds ”kfj;s [kk|kUu] phuh rFkk [kk| rsy dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr djds yf{kr lkoZtfud iz.kkyh ds ekè;e ls] fo'ks"k :i ls lekt ds detksj vkSj oafpr oxks± ds fy;s mfpr ewY; ij [kk|kUu miyC/ djkuk gSA

vukt dh [kjhn (Procurement of Foodgrains)

zz Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe (FCI) fdlkuksa dks leFkZu ewY; miyC/ djkus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkjksa dh ,tsafl;ksa dh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa xsg¡w] /ku rFkk eksVs vuktksa dh [kjhn djrk gSA

zz izR;sd jch@[kjhiQ ekSle ds igys dsanz ljdkj Ñf"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx (CACP) dh fliQkfj'kksa ds vuqlkj U;wure leFkZu ewY; (MSP) dh ?kks"k.kk djrh gS] ftlesa fofHkUu Ñf"k fuos'kksa dh ykxr vkSj fdlkuksa dks mudh mit ds fy;s mfpr ykHk izkfIr dks è;ku esa j[kk tkrk gSA

[kk|] ukxfjd vkiw£r ,oa miHkksDrk ekeys(Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs)15

zz [kjhn ekSle izkjaHk gksus ls igys lacaf/r jkT; dh olwyh {kerk vkSj foLrkj dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ,iQlhvkbZ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk vkilh lykg ls i;kZIr la[;k esa [kjhn dsanz LFkkfir fd;s tkrs gSaAzz bl iz.kkyh ds varxZr jkT; ljdkjsa Lo;a vuktksa dh [kjhn vkSj forj.k dk dk;Z djrh gSaAzz gky ds o"kks± esa vukt iSnkokj esa o`f¼ vkSj iwohZ Hkkjr esa gfjr Økafr ij cy fn;s tkus ls vusd jkT;ksa esa [kjhn dk;ks± dk foLrkj gqvk gS] ftlls [kk|kUuksa dk lafpr dsanzh; iwy LVkWd 319 yk[k Vu ds ciQj ekud dh rqyuk esa fjdkWMZ 805.16 yk[k Vu igq¡p x;k gSA

jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk (National Food Security)zz Hkkjr ljdkj us turk dh [kk| lqj{kk ds ladYi dks e”kcwr cukus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vf/fu;e (NFSA), 2013 cuk;k] tks 2013 ls gh ykxw gqvkAzz bl vf/fu;e dk mís'; ekuo thoupØ dh n`f"V ls yksxksa dks lEeku ds lkFk thou O;rhr djus ds fy;s mfpr njksa ij xq.koÙkk ;qDr vkgkj lqfuf'pr djds [kk| vkSj ikSf"Vdrk lqj{kk iznku djuk gSAzz ;g dkuwu [kk| lqj{kk dh vo/kj.kk esa cnyko dk ladsr nsrk gS vkSj vc [kk| lqj{kk] dY;k.k vk/kfjr u jgdj vf/dkj vkèkkfjr gks xbZ gSAzz bl vf/fu;e esa yf{kr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ds varxZr mfpr nj ij vukt izkIr djus ds fy;s 75 izfr'kr xzkeh.k vkcknh rFkk 50 izfr'kr 'kgjh vkcknh dks doj djus dk izko/ku gSAzz mPp fj;k;rh nj ij vuktksa dh izkfIr nks Jsf.k;ksaµ vaR;ksn; vUu ;kstuk (AAY) ds varxZr vkus okys ifjokj dh Js.kh vkSj izkFkfedrk okys ifjokj dh Js.kh esa gksrh gSAzz vaR;ksn; vUu ;kstuk fu/Zure O;fDr dks [kk| lqj{kk iznku djus vkSj 2.5 djksM+ ifjokjksa dks doj djus ds fy;s o"kZ 2000 esa 'kq: dh xbZ FkhAzz jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vf/fu;e ds varxZr vaR;ksn; ifjokj dks

` 1/2/3 izfr fdyksxzke dh nj ls izfr ifjokj 35 fdyksxzke eksVs vukt@xsg¡w@pkoy izkIr djus okys vf/dkj gSA

zz izkFkfedrk okys ifjokjksa dks mijksDr fj;k;rh njksa ij izfrO;fDr izfrekg 5 fdyksxzke vukt ikus dk vf/dkj gSAzz ,u,iQ,l, vc lHkh jkT;ksa@dsanz 'kkflr izns'kksa esa 80.55 djksM+ ykHkk£Fk;ksa dks doj djrk gS tcfd okafNr y{; 81.34 djksM+ O;fDr;ksa dks doj djuk FkkA

113India Year Book


zzLokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; ij jk"Vªh; Lrj ij LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k osQ fofHkUu dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djus vkSj izeq[k laØked rFkk xSj&laØked jksxksa dh jksdFkke] fu;a=k.k vkSj ns'kHkj esa vuqlaèkku dks c<+kok nsus dh f”kEesnkjh gSA

zzea=kky; ij LokLF; rFkk lacafèkr fo"k;ksa ij uhfr;k¡ cukus] LokLF; dk;ZØe ykxw djus esa jkT;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu] osaQnz&izk;ksftr LokLF; ;kstukvksa rFkk dk;ZØeksa osQ izcaèku] fpfdRlk] fu;eu (vkS"kfèk;k¡ vkSj midj.k) vkSj LokLF; lacaèkh cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkus dk nkf;Ro Hkh gSA

zzea=kky; osQ nks foHkkx gSa&LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k foHkkx rFkk LokLF; vuqlaèkku foHkkxA

zz,M~l fu;a=k.k foHkkx dk LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k foHkkx esa foy; dj fn;k x;k gSA vc bls jk"Vªh; ,M~l fu;a=k.k laxBu (National AIDS Control Organization–NACO) osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

zzvk;q"k foHkkx dks uoacj 2014 esa vk;qosZn] ;ksx ,oa izkÑfrd fpfdRlk] ;wukuh] fl¼ vkSj gksE;ksiSFkh (vk;q"k) ea=kky; esa cny fn;k x;kA bldk mís'; bu fpfdRlk i¼fr;ksa esa f'k{kk vkSj vuqlaèkku dks c<+kok nsuk gSA

zzLokLF; lsok egkfuns'kky; bldk lac¼ dk;kZy; gS tks tuLokLF; vkSj fpfdRlk lacaèkh lHkh ekeyksa esa rduhdh ijke'kZ nsrk gS vkSj LokLF; lsokvksa osQ dk;ZØe ykxw djus esa 'kkfey gksrk gSA

jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr (National Health Policy)zzo"kZ 2017 esa ubZ jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr tkjh dh xbZA ;g cnyrh

lkekftd&vk£Fkd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj izkS|ksfxdh rFkk egkekjh lacaèkh ifjn`'; ls mRiUu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus esa dkjxj gSA

zzubZ uhfr dk mís'; jksxksa dh jksdFkke rFkk LokLF; ns[kHkky dks c<+kok nsus vkSj lcosQ fy;s loksZÙke fpfdRlk lqfoèkkvksa dh ,slh O;oLFkk djuk gS] ftlls lHkh dks LokLF; lgk;rk izkIr gks ldsA

uhfr vk;ksx ds rhu o"khZ; ,D'ku ,tsaMk (2017-18 ls 2019-20) esa LokLF; {ks=k ij O;; vkoaVu

zz LokLF; {ks=k ds fodkl gsrq foÙkh; o"kZ 2015-16 esa fd;s x, dqy vkoaVu yxHkx ` 30,000 djksM+ dks c<+kdj foÙkh; o"kZ 2019-20 esa ` 1,00,000 djksM+ djuk gSAzz bl izdkj LokLF; ij dqy [kpZ 1.7 izfr'kr ls c<+dj 3.6 izfr'kr gks tk,xkA

zz LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa ij fd;k tkus okyk O;; yksxksa ds lkekftd dY;k.k ,oa dq'ky ekuo lalkèku dk fodkl djus ds fy;s vko';d gSA

zzjk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr&2017 esa lalkèkuksa dk cM+k fgLlk (nks&frgkbZ ;k blls vfèkd) izkFkfed fpfdRlk lsokvksa osQ fy;s vkoafVr djus dh fliQkfj'k dh xbZ gS vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus dks dgk x;k gS fd izfr 1]000 dh vkcknh osQ fy;s de&ls&de nks fcLrjksa dh miyC/rk bl rjg ls lqfuf'pr djuk gS rkfd vkikr fLFkfr esa ”k:jr iM+us ij bls miyC/ djk;k tk ldsA

uksV% jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr 2017 dh ifjdYiuk ds vuqlkj 1.5 yk[k LokLF; ns[kHkky dsanzksa esa LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa dks csgrj cuk;k tk,xkA ctV 2018-19 esa blds fy;s ` 1200 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k FkkA

zzjk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr dh fo'ks"krk,¡%�zlqfuf'prrk vkèkkfjr nf"Vdks.k% ;g fuokjd vkSj izksRlkgd

LokLF; lsokvksa ij è;ku osaQfnzr djus osQ lkFk rsth ls c<+us okys lqfuf'prrk vkèkkfjr n`f"Vdks.k dh fliQkfj'k djrh gSA

�zvYi iks"kdrk viw.kZrk% vYi iks"kdrk rFkk oqQiks"k.k dks de djus vkSj lHkh {ks=kksa esa iks"kdrk dh deh dh fofoèkrk osQ lekèkku osQ fy;s O;ofLFkr rjhosQ viukukA

�zesd bu bafM;k igy% Hkkjrh;ksa dks ijaijkxr Lons'kh mRikn miyCèk djkus osQ fy;s LFkkuh; fofuekZrkvksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ij ”kksj nsukA

�zfMftVy gsYFk dk bLrseky% LokLF; lsokvksa dks vfèkd izHkkoh cukus vkSj muesa lqèkkj osQ fy;s fMftVy midj.kksa osQ bLrseky dks c<+kok nsuk rkfd n{krk] ikjn£'krk vkSj ukxfjd vuqHko esa lqèkkj gks losQA

jk"Vªh;LokLF;fe'ku(National Health Mission)zzjk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr osQ vykok LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k

ea=kky; iztuu lacaèkh LokLF; vkSj ,M~l] Vhch] eysfj;k] oqQ"B jksx tSls laØked jksxksa ij dkcw ikus osQ oSf'od y{;ksa dks gkfly djus dh fn'kk esa iz;kljr gSaA

zzLokLF; {ks=k esa lcls vfèkd ”kksj LokLF; ns[kHkky osQ fy;s foÙk lgk;rk c<+kdj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) dk de&ls&de 2 izfr'kr djus ij fn;k x;k gSA

zz2005 esa ^jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku* dh 'kq#vkr rFkk 2013 esa ^jk"Vªh; 'kgjh LokLF; fe'ku* dh 'kq#vkr bl fn'kk esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ dne gSA

LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k(Health and Family Welfare)16

123India Year Book


zz HkwriwoZ 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky; rFkk vkokl vkSj 'kgjh xjhch mi'keu ea=kky; dks 6 tqykbZ] 2017 dks feykdj vkokl ,oa 'kgjh ekeyksa ds ea=kky; dh uhao j[kh xbZ FkhA

zz u, ea=kky; dk dk;Z lexz 'kgjh fodkl ds fy;s fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dh rS;kjh vkSj mUgsa vey esa ykus ds lkFk&lkFk 'kgjh volajpuk vkSj dq'ky iz'kklu tSls dk;ks± dks ns[kuk gSA

zz 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa fofHkUu tulkaf[;dh; vk/kj ij 377.16 fefy;u dh dqy vkcknh ds lkFk fHkUu tula[;k vuqikr okys 7933 'kgj vkSj dLcs gSaA

zz 'kgjhdj.k ds dkj.k dbZ cM+h pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh lkeus vk [kM+h gqbZ gSa] ftuesa ls vf/dka'k vkokl] volajpuk vkSj lsok {ks=k ls tqM+h gaSA

zz bu pqukSfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, 'kgjhdj.k dh laHkkoukvksa vkSj ogk¡ ekStwn voljksa dk ,d lkFk ykHk mBkus ds fy;s dbZ ubZ igysa dh xbZ gSaA

zz ^LekVZ flVh”k fe'ku*] ^lHkh ds fy;s vkokl*] ^LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku*] ^ve`r*] ^ân;* ,slh gh dqN ubZ igysa gSaA

iz/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk& lHkh ds fy;s vkokl ('kgjh) fe'ku [Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana– Housing for All (Urban) Mission]

zz o"kZ 2022 rd lHkh dks vkokl miyC/ djokus ds mís'; ls Hkkjr ljdkj us 2015 esa ih,e,okbZ&lHkh ds fy;s vkokl ('kgjh) fe'ku izkjaHk fd;kA

zz ;g vfHk;ku efyu cfLr;ksa esa jgus okys 'kgjh xjhcksa rFkk ,sls gh vU; yksxksa ds fy;s gSA blesa fofHkUu rcdksa ds 'kgjh xjhcksa ds fy;s ljdkj dh igysa 'kkfey gSa%

z� efyu cLrh iquokZlµHkwfe dks lalk/u :i esa mi;ksx djrs gq, futh fodkl dÙkkZvksa dh lgHkkfxrk ls efyu cfLr;ksa dks iqu% fodflr djuk] ,slh lHkh ifj;kstukvksa esa lHkh ik=k efyu cLrh fuokfl;ksa dks vkSlru ` 1 yk[k izfr vkokl dh vuqnku lgk;rk nsuk_

z� Í.k ;qDr vuqnku ds ekè;e ls de”kksj oxks± ds fy;s ewY; ogu ;ksX; vkoklksa dks c<+kok nsuk_

z� yksd ,oa futh {ks=k dh Hkkxhnkjh ls ewY; ogu ;ksX; vkokl fuekZ.k_

vkokl vkSj 'kgjh ekeys(Housing and Urban Affairs)17

z� ykHkkFkhZ }kjk Lo;a dk vkokl fuekZ.k ;k mlds izksRlkgu gsrq vuqnku lgk;rkA

zz lkeqnkf;d dsanz] ikdZ vkSj [ksy ds eSnku ljh[kh lkekftd vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ;qDr 30 oxZehVj dkWisZV ,fj;k okys vkokl miyC/ djok, tk,axsA

zz fe'ku ds varxZr ` 3 yk[k ok£"kd vk; okys vk£Fkd :i ls de”kksj oxks± dks 'kgjh fu/Zu rFkk ` 3-6 yk[k ok£"kd vk; okys oxks± dks fuEu vk; oxZ ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

zz ykHkk£Fk;ksa dk lR;kiu jkT;@;w,ych (Urban Local Bodies) djsaxsA

zz jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k ewY; ogu ;ksX; Hkwfe dk fu/kZj.k djus ds fy;s ekLVj Iyku cukus@mlesa la'kks/u djrs le; Hkwfe ,d=khdj.k (ySaM iw¯yx) O;oLFkk tSls vfHkuo mik; djsaxsA

rduhdhmi&fe'ku(Technology Sub-Mission)zz ih,e,okbZ&,p,iQ, (vcZu) fe'ku ds varxZr ,d rduhdh mi&fe'ku LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkAzz ;g fofHkUu Hkw&tyok;q fo"k;d {ks=kksa ds vuqdwy uD'ks vkSj Hkou fuekZ.k ;kstuk,¡ cukus vkSj mUgsa ykxw djus esa lgk;d gksus ds lkFk gh jkT;ksa@uxjksa dks vkink fuokj.k mik;ksa ,oa i;kZoj.k lg&izkS|ksfxfd;k¡ fØ;kfUor djus esa lgk;d gksxkA

nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk&jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission)zz jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (NULM) ,oa jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku (NRLM) dks feykdj nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk (DAY) uke fn;k x;k gSAzz ,u;w,y,e dk dk;Z foLrkj lHkh oSèkkfud uxjksa esa djds u;k uke ^Mh,okbZ&,u;w,y,e* fn;k x;k gSAzz bldk izkFkfed y{; vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr] vYila[;dksa] efgyk izeq[k ifjokjksa] fnO;kaxtuksa] fujkfJrksa (Destitute), izoklh Jfedksa] fo'ks"k :i ls isQjh okys] dckM+ chuus okys] ?kjsyw dkexkj] fHk[kkjh] fuekZ.k dk;ks± esa yxs Jfedksa dks tkx:d djuk vkSj cs?kj yksxksa dks pj.kc¼ Øe esa vko';d lsokvksa ls ;qDr vkJ; miyC/ djokuk gSAzz fe'ku ds varxZr xfy;ksa esa isQjh yxkus okyksa dks muds O;olk; gsrq mfpr txg] laLFkkxr Í.k] lkekftd lqj{kk vkSj ck”kkj esa Hkfo"; esa fey ldus okys voljksa ,oa pqukSfr;ksa ds vuq:i izf'k{k.k nsdj jks”kxkj miyC/ djok;k tk,xkA

127India Year Book


fons'k ea=kky; ;k fons'kh ekeyksa dk ea=kky; (Ministry of External Affairs–MEA) nqfu;k ds ns'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr ds lacaèkksa dks lapkfyr djus okyh ,tsalh gSA

foxr o"kks± dh rjg 2017–18 esa Hkh Hkkjr dh O;kogkfjd vkSj ifj.kkeewyd fons'k uhfr tkjh jgh ftldk mís'; jk"Vªh; lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djuk vkSj {ks=kh; v[kaMrk cuk, j[kuk] ns'k esa vkewy vkfFkZd cnyko ykus tSls egÙoiw.kZ jk"Vªh; y{;ksa dks gkfly djuk vkSj {ks=kh; o oSf'od eqíksa ij xkSj djuk FkkA Hkkjr dh bl uhfr dh >yd ikjaifjd lacaèkksa esa u;h tku Mkyus ds gekjs ç;klksa] gekjs lkefjd o okf.kfT;d lacaèkksa esa u;h ÅtkZ ds lapkj vkSj Hkkjroaf'k;ksa ds lkFk gekjs yxkrkj laidks± esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

Hkkjr us {ks=kh; vkSj oSf'od cglksa esa reke eqíksa ij jpukRed n`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk fgLlk fy;kA o"kZ ds nkSjku Hkkjr oklsukj vjsatesaV] 'ka?kkbZ dksvkWijs'ku vkWxsZukbts'ku ('ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu&SCO) vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k xzqi tSls laxBuksa dk lnL; cukA baVjus'kuy lksyj vyk;al (varjkZ"Vªh; lkSj xBcaèku) ds xBu ds ckn] tks lafèk vkèkkfjr varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu gS] tyok;q ifjorZu ds elys ls fuiVus esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk egÙoiw.kZ gks xbZ gSA Hkkjr us 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu] th&20 f'k[kj lEesyu] fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu] iwohZ ,f'k;k f'k[kj lEesyu vkSj nkoksl esa vk;ksftr fo'o vkfFkZd eap tSlh fofHkUu cSBdksa esa Hkh fgLlk fy;kA uoacj 2017 esa Hkkjr us fo'o m|ferk f'k[kj lEesyu vkSj lkbcj Lisl ds ckjs esa oSf'od lEesyu] jk;lhuk Mk;ykWx ds rhljs laLdj.k vkSj tuojh 2018 esa vkfl;ku&Hkkjr Lekjd f'k[kj lEesyu esa fgLlk fy;kA

^iM+kslh dks rjthg* nsus dh ljdkj dh uhfr ds rgr Hkkjr us vius fudVre iM+kslh ns'kksa dks loksZPp çkFkfedrk nsuk tkjh j[kkA çèkkuea=kh us Jhyadk vkSj E;k¡ekj dh ;k=kk dh vkSj fons'k ea=kh us usiky vkSj ckaXykns'k dk nkSjk fd;kA blh rjg Jhyadk] usiky] HkwVku vkSj ckaXykns'k ds çèkkuea=kh Hkkjr ;k=kk ij vk, vkSj viQxkfuLrku ljdkj ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh ds Hkkjr nkSjs ls iM+kslh ns'kksa ds lkFk mPpLrjh; laidks± dk flyflyk vkSj etcwr gqvkA twu 2017 esa viQxkfuLrku ds lkFk MsfMdsVsM ,;j dkxksZ dkWfjMksj (gokbZ eky <qykbZ xfy;kjs) dk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;k ftlds rgr dkcqy&fnYyh vkSj daèkkj&fnYyh ds chp gokbZ eky ifjogu lqfoèkk 'kq: gksus ls {ks=kh; laidZ lacaèkh ckèkk nwj gqbZ vkSj nksuksa ns'kksa ds O;kikj esa vkSj rs”kh vkbZA bl gokbZ xfy;kjs ls vc rd 1,000 Vu lkeku dk ifjogu igys

Hkkjr vkSj fo'o(India and the World)18

gh fd;k tk pqdk gSA ckaXykns'k ds lkFk lacaèkksa dh [kkl ckr ;g jgh fd vlSU; ijek.kq ÅtkZ] varfj{k vkSj j{kk lg;ksx tSls {ks=kksa esa çxfr gqbZA ckaXykns'k ds fy;s 4.5 vjc MkWyj ds rhljs ½.k dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ ftldh enn ls vR;kèkqfud fdLe ds canjxkgksa ds fuekZ.k] jsyos] fctyh vkSj ÅtkZ] nwjlapkj rFkk tgk”kjkuh ls lacafèkr ifj;kstuk,¡ 'kq: dh tk,axhA Jhyadk ds lkFk l?ku mPpLrjh; laidZ ls fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dks vkSj c<+kok feyk vkSj fgan egklkxj esa 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk ls lacafèkr eqíksa esa vkSj vfèkd rkyesy dk;e djus esa enn feyhA Jhyadk esa ebZ 2017 esa vkbZ ck<+ ds le; Hkkjr us rRdky lgk;rk Hkstdj mlds lkFk viuh ,dtqVrk çdV dhA çèkkuea=kh dh E;k¡ekj dh igyh f}i{kh; ;k=kk ls nksuksa ns'kksa ds lacaèkksa dks c<+kok feyk vkSj f}i{kh; lg;ksx Hkh lqn`<+ gqvkA usiky esa 2016 ds fouk'kdkjh Hkwdai ds ckn 75 djksM+ MkWyj dh iqufuZekZ.k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s ½.k le>kSrksa ij vey fd;k x;kA HkwVku ds lkFk Hkh mPpLrjh; vknku&çnku tkjh jgk vkSj egkefge HkwVku ujs'k us uoacj 2017 esa Hkkjr dk nkSjk fd;k ftlls nksuksa ns'kksa ds cgq&vk;keh f}i{kh; lacaèkksa esa u;h LiwQfrZ dk lapkj gqvkA tyfo|qr ds {ks=k esa lg;ksx esa yxkrkj çxfr gqbZ vkSj Hkkjr&HkwVku O;kikj vkSj ikjxeu le>kSrs dk uoacj 2016 esa uohdj.k fd;k x;k vkSj tqykbZ 2017 ls bl ij vey 'kq: gks x;kA O;kikj dks vkSj lqxe cukus ds bu vfrfjDr mik;ksa ls f}i{kh; O;kikj vkSj fuos'k esa vkSj rs”kh vkbZA ekynho ds lkFk iqjkus lacaèkksa dks mudh çfrj{kk vkSj lqj{kk lqn`<+ djus] laLFkkvksa vkSj mudh {kerk ds l`tu rFkk f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; tSls {ks=kksa esa Hkkjr dh lgk;rk ls vkSj e”kcwrh feyhA

jktuf;d laidZ c<+kus ds Hkkjr ds ç;klksa dh eq[; fo'ks"krk ;g jgh fd iwoZ] if'pe vkSj nf{k.k ns'kksa ds lkFk lacaèkksa ds foLrkj ds ,d lkFk ç;kl fd;s x,A iwoZ ds ns'kksa dks egÙo nsus dh ^,DV bZLV* uhfr ds rgr çèkkuea=kh us uoacj 2017 esa euhyk esa vk;ksftr 15osa vkfl;ku&Hkkjr f'k[kj lEesyu vkSj 12osa iwoZ&,f'k;k f'k[kj lEesyu esa fgLlk fy;kA {ks=k ds fy;s ijaijkxr vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lqj{kk pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s vkilh laidZ c<+kus rFkk vkSj vfèkd vkilh rkyesy ij vfèkd ”kksj fn;k tk jgk gSA vkfl;ku&Hkkjr okrkZ lk>snkjh dh 25oha t;arh ij lkyHkj pyus okys dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA tuojh 2018 esa ljdkj us ,sfrgkfld vkfl;ku&Hkkjr Lekjd f'k[kj lEesyu (ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit) dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;kA blesa nlksa vkfl;ku ns'kksa ds jk"Vªkè;{kksa us Hkkjr ds x.kra=k fnol lekjksg esa lEekuuh; vfrfFk ds :i esa fgLlk fy;kA

134 India Year Book


zz Hkkjr ljdkj dh vkS|ksfxd uhfr dk mís'; mRikndrk esa fujarj

o`f¼ cuk, j[kuk] csgrj jks”kxkj eqgS;k djkuk] ekuo lalkèkuksa dk

vfèkdre mi;ksx djuk] varjkZ"Vªh; izfrLièkkZ ds Lrj rd igq¡puk

vkSj oSf'od ifjn`'; esa cM+k izfrHkkxh cuuk gSA

zz lqj{kk] lkefjd vkSj i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s {ks=kksa dks NksM+dj ”;knkrj

m|ksxksa esa vkS|ksfxd ykblsal dh O;oLFkk dks lekIr dj fn;k

x;k gS] tksfd bl izdkj gSa&

z� bysDVªkWfud ,;jksLisl vkSj j{kk midj.k_

z� MsVksusfVax Ý;wtksa lesr vkS|ksfxd foLiQksVd] ck:n lsY;qyks”k

vkSj ekfpl_

z� dqN fo'ks"k izdkj ds gkfudkjd jlk;u] tSls& gkbMªkslk;fud

,flM vkSj mlds O;qRikn] iQkWlthu vkSj mlds O;qRikn]

gkbMªksdkcZu ds vkblkslkbusV~l ,aM MkblkslkbusV~l] ftudk

mYys[k vU; dgha ugha gS (tSls& feFkkby vkblkslkbusV)_

z� rackdw okys flxkj o flxjsV vkSj rackdw ls cus vU; inkFkZA

zz bl le; fuekZ.k] ifjpkyu vkSj j[kj[kko ds {ks=kksa ds vykok

dsoy ijek.kq mQtkZ vkSj jsyos ifjpkyu gh lkoZtfud {ks=k ds

fy;s vkjf{kr gSaA

zz tks m|ksx ykblsal dh vfuok;Zrk ds nk;js eas ugha vkrs gSa vkSj

lkoZtfud {ks=k ds fy;s vkjf{kr ugha gSa] mUgsa vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa

laoèkZu foHkkx (DIPP) esa vkS|ksfxd lgk;rk lfpoky; (SIA) esa ,d vkS|ksfxd m|eh Kkiu (IEM) nsuk gksrk gSA

zz vkS|ksfxd ykblsal vkSj vkS|ksfxd m|eh Kkiu ds fy;s vkosnu

bZ&fc”k osclkbV ij fdlh ekuoh; laidZ ds fcuk pkSchlksa ?kaVs

vkWuykbu dj fn;k x;k gSA

vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (Index of Industrial Production)

zz vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (IIP) vkS|ksfxd {ks=k eas gksus okys

dk;Z dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] ftls dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (CSO) gj ekg ladfyr vkSj ”kkjh djrk gSA

zz lh,lvks us ebZ 2017 esa vkbZvkbZih ds vkèkkj o"kZ dks 2004-05 ds LFkku ij 2011-12 dj fn;kA

m|ksx(Industry)19vkS|ksfxd@vkfFkZd xfy;kjk (Industrial/Economic Corridors)

fnYyh&eqacbZvkS|ksfxdxfy;kjk(Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor)zz fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk (DMIC) ifj;kstuk dks if'peh lefiZr ekyogu xfy;kjs* (WDFC) ds nksuksa vkSj oSf'od fofuekZ.k ,oa fuos'k xarO; ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk jgk gSA

zz bl ifj;kstuk ds fodkl] leUo; vkSj fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s ,d fo'ks"k mís'; laokgd (SPV) ds lkFk ,d laLFkkxr <k¡pk fnYyh& eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM (DMICDC) dk xBu fd;k x;kA

jk"Vªh;vkS|ksfxdxfy;kjkfodkl,oafØ;kUo;uU;kl(National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust)zz pkj u, vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ] ftuds uke gSa% ve`rlj&dksydkrk vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk (AKIC)] caxyw:&eqacbZ vkfFkZd xfy;kjk (BMEC)] psUubZ&caxyw: vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk (CBIC) vkSj bZLV dksLV bdksukWfed xfy;kjk ftlesa fodkl ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k ds rkSj ij fo”kkx&psUubZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs (VCIC) dks fodflr fd;k tk jgk gSA

zz bl iwjh ifj;kstuk dks foLrkfjr djrs gq, jk"Vªh; vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk fodkl ,oa fØ;kUo;u U;kl (NICDIT) uke fn;k x;k gSA

jk"Vªh; fofuekZ.k uhfr (National Manufacturing Policy)zz lu~ 2011 esa jk"Vªh; fofuekZ.k uhfr (NMP) vfèklwfpr dh xbZ] ftldk mís'; ,d n'kd (o"kZ 2022) esa thMhih esa fofuekZ.k {ks=k dk ;ksxnku c<+kdj 25 izfr'kr rd ig¡qpkuk vkSj 10 djksM+ ls vfèkd jks”kxkj dk l`tu djuk gSA

zz dsanz ljdkj blds fy;s uhfrxr :ijs[kk fodflr djsxh] mi;qDr foÙkh; ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls lkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh (PPP) ds vkèkkj ij cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds fodkl ds fy;s izksRlkgu nsxhA

zz bl uhfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa% jk"Vªh; fuos'k ,oa fofufekZ.k {ks=k (NIMZs)_ dkjksckjh fu;eksa dks rdZlaxr o vklku cukuk_ fofuekZ.k bdkb;k¡ can djus ds fy;s vklku o Rofjr izfØ;k_ ,l,ebZ ds fy;s izksRlkgu HkÙks_ vkS|ksfxd izf'k{k.k vkSj dkS'ky mUu;u ds dne_ gfjr izkS|ksfxdh lesr rduhdh fodkl ds fy;s foÙkh; ,oa laLFkkxr ra=k_ ljdkjh vfèkizkfIr vkSj fo'ks"k è;ku okys {ks=kA

150 India Year Book


zz fofèk vkSj U;k; ea=kky; Hkkjr ljdkj dk lcls iqjkuk vax (Oldest Limb) gSA ;g 1833 osQ le; dk gS] tc fczfV'k laln us pkVZj vfèkfu;e] 1833 cuk;k FkkAzz bl vfèkfu;e esa igyh ckj ,d gh izkfèkdkj] xouZj tujy vkWiQ dkmafly dks foèkk;h 'kfDr;k¡ iznku dh xbZ FkhA bl izkfèkdkj osQ izHkko vkSj bafM;u dkmafly ,DV] 1861 dh èkkjk 22 osQ varxZr fufgr vfèkdkjksa ls xouZj tujy vkWiQ dkmafly us o"kZ 1834 ls o"kZ 1920 rd ns'k osQ fy;s dkuwu cuk,A

zz Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vfèkfu;e] 1947 osQ ikfjr gksus osQ lkFk gh Hkkjr ,d Mksfefu;u jk"Vª cu x;k vkSj bldh foèkkf;dk us bafM;k (vuafre lafoèkku) vkWMZj] 1947 }kjk :ikarfjr Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e] 1935 dh èkkjk 100 osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ varxZr 1947 ls 1949 rd dkuwu cuk,A

zz 26 tuojh] 1950 dks ykxw Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku osQ varxZr laln dks foèkk;h 'kfDr;k¡ iznku dh xbZA

zz fofèk vkSj U;k; ea=kky; esa rhu foHkkx gSa& fofèk dk;Z foHkkx] foèkk;h foHkkx vkSj U;k; foHkkxA

zz ^fofèk dk;Z foHkkx* dks dkuwuh dkedkt lkSaik x;k gS] tSls& lafoèkku rFkk dkuwuksa dh O;k[;k] eqdnesckth] dkuwuh O;olk;] dkuwuksa esa lqèkkj] nhokuh dkuwu osQ ekeyksa esa fons'kksa osQ lkFk lafèk;k¡ rFkk le>kSrs] Hkkjrh; fofèk lsok lfgr fofèk lsok,¡ vkfnA

zz ^foèkk;h foHkkx* dks osaQnz ljdkj osQ dkuwuksa osQ fy;s foèkk;h izk:i rS;kj djus dk nkf;Ro lkSaik x;k gSA

zz ^U;k; foHkkx* dks Hkkjr osQ eq[; U;k;kèkh'k] mPpre rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa osQ U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfDr muosQ R;kxi=k rFkk mUgsa gVkus dk dk;Z fn;k x;k gSA

Hkkjrh; fofèk O;oLFkk (Indian Legal System)zz Hkkjrh; fofèk O;oLFkk esa pkj ?kVdksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ;s gSa& lafoèkku esa fufgr cqfu;knh ewY; rFkk fl¼akr] lkèkkj.k dkuwu ls lkSais x, vfèkdkj rFkk f”kEesnkfj;k¡] lafoèkku osQ rgr bu vfèkdkjksa rFkk f”kEesnkfj;ksa dks izHkkoh <ax ls ykxw djus osQ fy;s laxBukRed O;oLFkk vkSj fofèk rFkk U;kf;d dehZ (Judicial Personnel)A

fofèkosQlzksr(Sources of Law)zz Hkkjr esa fofèk osQ izeq[k lzksr lafoèkku] lafofèk (dkuwu)] ikjEifjd dkuwu (Customary Law) vkSj fu.kZ;fofèk (Case Law) gSaA

fof/k vkSj U;k;(Law and Justice)20

zz dkuwu laln vkSj jkT; rFkk osaQnz'kkflr izns'kksa dh foèkkulHkk,a¡ cukrh gSaA buosQ vykok vusd xkS.k dkuwu gSa ftUgsa fu;eksa] fofu;eksa vkSj mi&dkuwuksa osQ :i esa osaQnz@jkT; ljdkjksa rFkk LFkkuh; izkfèkdj.kksa] tSls& uxj fuxeksa] uxj ikfydkvksa] xzke iapk;rksa vkSj LFkkuh; fudk;ksa }kjk cuk;k x;k gSA

zz mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky; osQ U;kf;d iSQlys dkuwu osQ egÙoiw.kZ lzksr gSaA Hkkjrh; {ks=k osQ vanj lHkh vnkyrsa mPpre U;k;ky; osQ iSQlyksa dks ekuus osQ fy;s ckè; gSaA

zz LFkkuh; ifjikfV;k¡ vkSj ijaijk,¡ tks oSèkkfudrk] uSfrdrk vkfn osQ fo#¼ ugha gSa] mUgsa Hkh ekU;rk izkIr gS vkSj oqQN {ks=kksa esa U;k; djrs le; vnkyrsa bUgsa Hkh è;ku esa j[krh gSaA

dkuwucukuk(Enactment of Law)

zz osQanzh; lwph esa lwphc¼ fo"k;ksa ij dkuwu cukus dk vfèkdkj laln dks izkIr gSA jkT; lwph osQ ekeyksa ij foèkkueaMy dkuwu cukus esa l{ke gSA

zz jkT; lwph vFkok leorhZ lwph esa 'kkfey ugha fd;s x, ekeyksa ij dkuwu cukus dk vfèkdkj osQoy laln dks gSA

zz leorhZ lwph esa 'kkfey fo"k;ksa ij laln vkSj foèkkueaMy nksuksa osQ }kjk dkuwu cuk, tk loQrs gSa] ysfdu izfrowQyrk dh fLFkfr esa] laln }kjk cuk;k x;k dkuwu izHkkoh gksxkA

U;k;ikfydk (Judiciary)

zz Hkkjr dk mPpre U;k;ky; laiw.kZ U;kf;d O;oLFkk esa 'kh"kZ ij gSA izR;sd jkT; vFkok jkT;ksa osQ lewg osQ fy;s ,d mPp U;k;ky; gS vkSj mPp U;k;ky;ksa osQ varxZr vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk vuqozQe gSA

zz oqQN jkT;ksa esa NksVs&eksVs vkSj LFkkuh; izo`Qfr osQ nhokuh vkSj iQkStnkjh fooknksa dk fuiVkjk djus osQ fy;s U;k; iapk;r*] iapk;r vnkyr*] ^xzke dpgjh* vkfn ukeksa ls iapk;r vnkyrsa dke dj jgh gSaA

zz izR;sd f”kys esa 'kh"kZ vnkyr] f”kyk vkSj l=k U;k;ky; gksrk gSA f”kyk vnkyr nhokuh U;k; dh izèkku vnkyr gS vkSj blesa e`R;qnaM fn;s tkus okys ekeyksa lfgr gj rjg osQ vijkèkksa dk eqdnek pyk;k tk ldrk gSA

mPpreU;k;ky;(Supreme Court)zz Hkkjr ds mPpre U;k;ky; esa ,d izèkku U;k;kèkh'k vkSj 30 vU; U;k;kèkh'k gSa ftudh fu;qfDr Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tkrh gSA

158 India Year Book


zz Je vkSj jks”kxkj ea=kky; Hkkjr ljdkj dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vkSj lcls iqjkus ea=kky;ksa esa ls ,d gSA ea=kky; dks vkerkSj ij Jfedksa vkSj [kklrkSj ij lekt ds xjhcksa] misf{krksa vkSj oafprksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk dh f”kEesnkjh lkSaih xbZ gSA

zz blds vykok ea=kky; mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk dks mPprj Lrj ij ys tkus ds fy;s LoLFk ekgkSy rS;kj djus dk iz;kl djrk gS rFkk O;kolkf;d dkS'kyksa ds izf'k{k.k vkSj jks”kxkj lsokvksa ds lapkyu dk;Z Hkh djrk gSA

zz bu mís';ksa dh izkfIr ds fy;s ea=kky; Jfedksa dks lsok rFkk jks”kxkj nsus ds fu;eksa vkSj 'krks± dks fofu;fer djus okys fofHkUu Je dkuwuksa ij vey lqfuf'pr djrk gSA

zz Hkkjr ds lafoèkku esa Je dks leorhZ lwph esa j[kk x;k gS blfy;s jkT; ljdkjksa dks Hkh bl ckjs esa dkuwu cukus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gSA

ubZ igysa (New Initiatives)

jk"Vªh;dWfj;jlsokifj;kstuk(National Career Service Project)zz jks”kxkj ls lacafèkr fofHkUu lsokvksa] tSls& jks”kxkj ijke'kZ] O;kolkf;d ekxZn'kZu vkSj dkS'ky fodkl o izf'k{kqrk tSls ikB~;Øeksa ds ckjs esa lwpuk,¡ iznku djus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; jks”kxkj lsok esa vkewy ifjorZu ds mís'; ls ea=kky; jk"Vªh; dWfj;j lsok (NCS) ifj;kstuk dk fe'ku eksM esa dk;kZUo;u dj jgk gSA

zz ,ulh,l ifj;kstuk dk foLrkj dj ,ulh,l iksVZy ij reke jks”kxkj dk;kZy;ksa dks vkil esa tksM+ fn;k x;k gS rkfd vkWuykbu lsok,¡ miyCèk djkbZ tk ldsaA

zz bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr lwpuk VsDuksykWth lacaèkh mUu;u] jks”kxkj dk;kZy;ksa esa NksVs&eksVs lqèkkj vkSj jks”kxkj esys vk;ksftr djus ds fy;s jkT;ksa dks vkaf'kd :i ls èku miyCèk djkus dh Hkh O;oLFkk gSA

izèkkuea=khjks”kxkjizksRlkgu;kstuk(Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana)zz 2016-17 esa 'kq: dh xbZ izèkkuea=kh jks”kxkj izksRlkgu ;kstuk dk mís'; jks”kxkj ds volj mRiUu djuk gSA

zz blds varxZr ljdkj deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk laxBu (EPFO) esa uken”kZ djkus okys lHkh u, deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s igys rhu lky

Je] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj jksT+kxkj(Labour, Skill Development and Employment)21

rd deZpkjh isa'ku ;kstuk (EPS) ds 8.33 izfr'kr va'knku dk Hkqxrku djsxhA

zz blls fu;ksDrkvksa dks csjks”kxkj yksxksa dks ukSdjh nsus dks izksRlkgu feyus ds lkFk&lkFk vukSipkfjd :i ls dk;Z dj jgs deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok,¡ fu;fer djus ds fy;s Hkh c<+kok feysxkA

zz ;g ;kstuk mu deZpkfj;ksa ij ykxw gksxh ftudh ekfld vk; ` 15,000 gksxhA

JelqfoèkkiksVZy(Shram Suvidha Portal)ea=kky; us ,dhÑr Je lqfoèkk iksVZy cuk;k gS rkfd Je dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus esa ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh lqfuf'pr dh tk lds vkSj Je fu;eksa ds vuqikyu esa tfVyrkvksa dks de fd;k tk ldsA

ikjn'khZJefujh{k.k;kstuk(Transparent Labour Inspection Scheme)

zz tksf[ke ij vkèkkfjr oLrqfu"B ekunaMksa ds vuqlkj fujh{k.k ds fy;s daI;wVj vkèkkfjr lwph rS;kj dh tkrh gSA xaHkhj ekeyksa dks vfuok;Z fujh{k.k lwph esa j[kk tkrk gSA

zz vk¡dM+ksa vkSj izek.kksa ij vkèkkfjr tk¡p ds ckn f'kdk;r okys fujh{k.kksa dk dsanzh; :i ls fuèkkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA fujh{k.k fjiksVks± dks 72 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj osclkbV ij viyksM djuk vfuok;Z gSA

,dyla;qDrokf"kZdfooj.k(Single Unified Annual Report)

Je vkSj jks”kxkj ea=kky; us vkB Je vfèkfu;eksa ds fy;s ,dy la;qDr okf"kZd fooj.k izkjaHk fd;k gSA blls jks”kxkj nsus okys laxBuksa ds fy;s bu vfèkfu;eksa ds rgr vyx&vyx fooj.k Hkjus ds ctk; dsoy ,d ljyhÑr fooj.k vkWuykbu Hkjuk iM+rk gS tks cM+k lqfoèkktud gSA

Jelafgrk(Labour Codes)

zz Je vkSj jks”kxkj ea=kky; us izzR;sd Jfed dh lqj{kk] LokLF; vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk ds mik;ksa dks lqn`<+ djus ds fy;s Je dkuwuksa ij vey esa ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh ykus vkSj jks”kxkj nsus okys izfr"Bkuksa ds fy;s Je dkuwuksa ij vey dks vklku cukus ds fy;s dbZ igysa dh gSaA

zz bu igyksa esa VsDuksykWth ds mi;ksx ls vfHk'kklu esa lqèkkj vkSj orZeku Je dkuwuksa dks ,dhÑr dj pkj Je lafgrk,¡ rS;kj djuk gSA

164 India Year Book


zz lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k ea=kky; jsfM;ks] Vsyhfo”ku] fiQYeksa] izdk'ku] foKkiu tSls tulapkj ds lkèkuksa vkSj lapkj ds ikjaifjd rjhdksa] tSls& ukVd] laxhr vkSj u`R; ds ”kfj;s yksxksa dks fuckZèk :i ls lwpuk miyCèk djkus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA

zz ea=kky; fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds yksxksa dh euksjatu lacaèkh ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djus dk iz;kl djrk gS vkSj yksxksa dks jk"Vªh; ,drk] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k] fuj{kjrk [kRe djus] efgykvksa] cPpksa] vYila[;dksa vkSj lekt ds vU; de”kksj oxks± ls lacafèkr eqíksa ds izfr tkx:d djrk gSA

izlkj Hkkjrh (Prasar Bharati)zz izlkj Hkkjrh (czkWMdk¯LVx dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k) Hkkjr dk yksd lsok izlkjd gSA blds nks ?kVd gSa& vkdk'kok.kh vkSj nwjn'kZuA

zz 23 uoacj] 1997 dks izlkj Hkkjrh dk xBu fd;k x;kA bldk eq[; mís'; jsfM;ks vkSj nwjn'kZu ij lkoZtfud izlkj.k lsokvksa dk vk;kstu ,oa lapkyu dj yksxksa dks lwfpr] f'kf{kr vkSj mudk euksjatu djuk gSA

zz çlkj Hkkjrh (czkWMdk¯LVx dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k) vfèkfu;e] 1990 ds varxZr izlkj Hkkjrh fuxe ds eq[; mís'; bl izdkj gSa&

z� ns'k dh ,drk] v[kaMrk vkSj ns'k ds lafoèkku }kjk laLFkkfir ewY;ksa dks cuk, j[kuk_

z� jk"Vªh; ,drk dks c<+kok nsuk_

z� yksd fgr ds ekeyksa dh lwpuk ikus ds ukxfjdksa ds vfèkdkj dh j{kk djuk vkSj fu"i{k vkSj larqfyr lwpuk iznku djuk_

z� f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk ds izlkj] Ñf"k] xzkeh.k fodkl] i;kZoj.k] LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k] foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh tSls {ks=kksa esa fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk_

z� efgykvksa ls tqM+s eqíksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk iSQykuk vkSj cPpksa] o`¼ksa vkSj lekt ds vU; de”kksj oxks± ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy;s fo'ks"k dne mBkuk_

z� fofHkUu laLÑfr;ksa] [ksyksa vkSj ;qok ekeyksa ij è;ku nsuk_

z� lkekftd U;k; dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj dkexkjksa vkSj vYila[;dksa rFkk tutkrh; leqnk;ksa ds vf/dkjksa dh j{kk djuk_

z� izlkj.k rduhd dk fodkl] bldh lqfo/kvksa dk foLrkj vkSj 'kks/ dks c<+kok nsukA

tulapkj(Mass Communication)22

izlkj Hkkjrh cksMZ (Prasar Bharati Board)izlkj Hkkjrh fuxe] izlkj Hkkjrh cksMZ }kjk pyk;k tkrk gS ftlesa

,d vè;{k] ,d dk;Zdkjh lnL; (ftls eq[; dk;Zikyd vfèkdkjh ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS)] lnL; (foÙk)] lnL; (dk£ed)] Ng va'kdkfyd lnL;] lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k ea=kky; dk ,d izfrfufèk rFkk vkdk'kok.kh vkSj nwjn'kZu ds egkfuns'kd insu lnL;ksa ds :i esa 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

vkdk'kok.kh (All India Radio)zz jsfM;ks ds vkfo"dkj vkSj dqN if'peh ns'kksa esa jsfM;ks izlkj.k dh 'kq#vkr ds ckn eqacbZ] dksydkrk vkSj psUubZ tSls Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa dqN futh jsfM;ks Dycksa }kjk izlkj.k 'kq: gqvkA

zz twu 1923 esa ckWEcs ds ,d jsfM;ks Dyc }kjk igyk dk;ZØe izlkfjr fd;k x;k FkkA blds ckn ,d izlkj.k lsok dh LFkkiuk gqbZ ftlesa Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj ,d futh daiuh Hkkjrh; czkWMdkfLVax daiuh fyfeVsM* ds chp le>kSrs ds rgr 23 tqykbZ] 1927 dks eqacbZ vkSj dksydkrk esa ,d lkFk izk;ksfxd vkèkkj ij jsfM;ks izlkj.k 'kq: fd;k x;kA

zz 1935 esa fy;ksusy iQhYMu dks Hkkjr esa izlkj.k fu;a=kd fu;qDr fd;k x;kA Hkkjrh; jktdh; izlkj.k lsok dk uke tuojh 1936 esa cnydj ^vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks* dj fn;k x;kA

volajpuk(Infrastructure)zz 1957 esa ^vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks* dks ^vkdk'kok.kh* ds uke ls tkuk tkus yxkA

zz ekpZ 2017 rd vkdk'kok.kh ds ns'kHkj esa dqy 612 VªkalehVj gks x, ftuesa ls 143 ehfM;e oso] 48 'kkVZ oso vkSj 421 ,iQ,e VªkalehVj gSaA 1947 ds Ng jsfM;ks dsanzksa dh rqyuk esa ekpZ 2017 esa ns'kHkj esa 420 jsfM;ks dsanz gks x,A

lsok,¡(Services)zz vkdk'kok.kh dbZ o"kks± ls f=kLrjh; iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx jk"Vªh;] {ks=kh; vkSj LFkkuh; izlkj.k esa dj jgk gSA

zz og vius LVs'kuksa ds ”kfj;s egk}hih; vk;ke vkSj cgqyoknh lekt esa Jksrkvksa dh lwpuk] f'k{kk vkSj euksjatu lacaèkh ”k:jrsa iwjh djrk gSA

zz ;s LVs'ku 23 Hkk"kkvksa vkSj 176 cksfy;ksa esa lekpkj] laxhr] cksys x, 'kCn vkSj vU; dk;ZØe iwjs ns'k dh tula[;k rd igq¡pkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa] tks ,d fcfy;u ls vfèkd gks pqdh gSA

173India Year Book

vk;kstuk(Planning)23


zz vk;kstuk (fu;kstu) dk vFkZ gS& LohÑr jk"Vªh; izkFkfedrkvksa ds vuqlkj ns'k ds lalk/uksa dk fofHkUu fodklkRed fØ;kvksa esa iz;ksx djukAzz Hkkjr esa vk;kstuk ds y{; vkSj lkekftd mís'; lafoèkku esa of.kZr jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼karksa ds vkèkkj ij fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSaA blesa lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks=kksa dks ,d&nwljs dk iwjd ekuk tkrk gSAzz futh {ks=k ds varxZr laxfBr m|ksxksa ds vykok y?kq m|ksx] Ñf"k] O;kikj] vkokl] fuekZ.k vkSj lacafèkr {ks=k vkrs gSaAzz Hkkjr esa vk;kstuk (Planning) dks leorhZ lwph dk fo"k; cuk;k x;k gSA

uhfr vk;ksx (NITI Aayog)zz uhfr vk;ksx (jk"Vªh; Hkkjr ifjorZu laLFkk) dh LFkkiuk tuojh 2015 esa] ;kstuk vk;ksx (1950 esa LFkkiuk) ds LFkku ij dh xbZ gSAzz uhfr vk;ksx] ljdkj ds fFkad&VSad ds :i esa viuh lsok,¡ iznku djrk gSAzz ;g ubZ laLFkk lkoZtfud {ks=k ds lhfer nk;js ls ijs tkdj fodkl izfØ;k esa mRizsjd dk dke djrh gSA fodkl dh lexz igy ls mlds fy;s mi;qDr okrkoj.k ds fuekZ.k dk dk;Z djrh gSA

uhfr vk;ksx dk rhu o"khZ; ,D'ku ,tsaMk (2017-18 ls 2019-20)

zz uhfr vk;ksx dk rhu o"khZ; ,D'ku ,tsaMk vYidkfyd le;kofèk esa uhfrxr ifjorZuksa ,oa y{;ksa ds fuèkkZj.k dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

zz bl izLrkfor ,D'ku ,tsaMs esa 7 Hkkxksa ds varxZr 24 vè;k;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

bl voèkkj.kk dk vkèkkj gS&zz lgdkjh la?kokn ds fl¼kar ij jk"Vªh; fodkl esa jkT;ksa dh l'kDr vkSj leku Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok nsuk_zz vkarfjd vkSj cká lalkèkuksa ds Kku HkaMkj ls lHkh Lrjksa ij lq'kklu vkSj mRÑ"V dk;ks± gsrq ljdkj dks lg;ksx nsuk_zz Kku vkSj uhfrxr fo'ks"kKrk iznku dj fFkad&VSad (fopkj dsanz) ds :i esa dke djukAzz fodkl ds la;qDr y{; dh izkfIr esa vkus okyh vM+puksa dks nwj djuk_zz dsaæ rFkk jkT;ksa ds fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa dks lkFk ykdj dk;ZØe fØ;kUo;u gsrq ,d lk>k eap rS;kj djukA

mís';(Objectives)

zz uhfr vk;ksx dk mís'; lg;ksxiw.kZ la?kokn dks c<+kok nsrs gq, l'kDr

jkT; ls l'kDr jk"Vª* dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA

zz ;g laLFkk dsaæ ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k esa eq[; Hkwfedk

fuHkkrh gS] jkT; ljdkjksa ds lkFk feydj dke djrh gS vkSj Hkkjr

ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa rFkk dk;ZØeksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh izxfr ij

u”kj j[krh gSA

zz ;g laLFkk dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds lHkh {ks=kksa esa uhfrxr rÙoksa

ij j.kuhfrxr vkSj rduhdh lykg nsus dk dke djrh gSA

zz blds mís';ksa esa vkfFkZd ekspsZ ij] jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; egÙo

ds ekeys] ns'k ds vanj ls vkSj fons'kksa dh loZJs"B i¼fr;ksa dk

izlkj vkSj u, uhfrxr fopkjksa vkSj leL;k vkèkkfjr fof'k"V

lg;ksx dk izlkj (Dissemination) Hkh 'kkfey gSaA

zz og ijke'kZ ds :i esa ;k vU; fdlh O;oLFkk ds ”kfj;s ,d ;k

vfèkd jkT;ksa ;k fo'o ds vU; Hkkxksa esa viukbZ tkus okyh loksZÙke

i¼fr;ksa ds ckjs esa lHkh jkT;ksa dks tkudkjh miyCèk djkrh gS

rkfd os Hkh mUgsa viuk ldsaA

zz ;g laLFkk egÙoiw.kZ ,oa nh?kZdkfyd uhfr vkSj dk;ZØe dh lajpuk

vkSj fØ;kUo;u dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djrh gS] lkFk gh mudh izxfr

rFkk izHkkoh O;kidrk ij fu;fer :i ls u”kj j[krh gSA

zz fuxjkuh vkSj I+kQhMcSd ls lh[ks lcd dk mi;ksx ;g laLFkk

uokpkjh lqèkkj ds fy;s djrh gSA izk;% uhfr;ksa@dk;ZØeksa ds

fØ;kUo;u ds chp esa Hkh lqèkkj fd;s tkrs gSaA

zz uhfr vk;ksx vko';d lalkèkuksa dh igpku lfgr dk;ZØeksa

vkSj iz;klksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh lfØ;rk ls fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu

djrk gS rkfd dk;ZØeksa dh liQyrk dh laHkkouk lqn`<+ gks ldsA

lajpuk(Composition)

zz Hkkjr dk izèkkuea=kh bldk insu vè;{k gksrk gSA

zz lapkyu ('kklh) ifj"kn~ esa lHkh jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=kh] foèkkf;dk

okys lHkh dsaæ'kkflr jkT;ksa] ;Fkk& fnYyh] iqnqPpsjh ds eq[;ea=kh

vkSj vU; dsaæ'kkflr izns'kksa ds mi&jkT;iky 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

zz fof'k"V {ks=kksa ds fo'ks"kKksa dks fo'ks"k vkeaf=kr lnL; ds :i esa

cqyk;k tkrk gSA izèkkuea=kh budks euksuhr djrk gSA

178 India Year Book

xzkeh.k fodkl(Rural Development)24


zz Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn ls gh Hkkjr dY;k.kdkjh jk"Vª (Welfare State) jgk gS vkSj ljdkj ds leLr iz;klksa dk izkFkfed y{; ns'k ds yksxksa dk dY;k.k jgk gSA

zz ns'k dh uhfr;k¡ vkSj dk;ZØe dk fuekZ.k xzkeh.k dY;k.k ,oa muds lexz fodkl dks è;ku esa j[kdj rS;kj dh tkrh jgh gSa] tks Hkkjr esa ;kstukc¼ fodkl ds izeq[k y{;ksa esa ls ,d jgk gSA

zz xzkeh.k fodkl ds varxZr yksxksa dh vkfFkZd csgrjh vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu nksuksa dks è;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA

zz xzkeh.k yksxksa dks vkfFkZd fodkl ds csgrj volj iznku djus ds fy;s] xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØeksa esa yksxksa dh vf/dkf/d Hkkxhnkjh] vk;kstuk dk fodsanzhdj.k] Hkwfe lq/kjks a dk csgrj izorZu (Enforcement) vkSj Í.k lqyHk djkuk tSls mik; fd;s tkrs jgs gSaA

zz o"kZ 1952 esa ;kstuk vk;ksx ds rgr izkjaHk fd;k x;k ^lkeqnkf;d fodkl dk;ZØe* xzkeh.k fodkl ds bfrgkl esa ehy dk iRFkj FkkA bl dk;ZozQe esa ckn esa dbZ cnyko fd;s x, vkSj bls fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa }kjk lapkfyr fd;k x;kA

zz vDVwcj 1974 esa [kk| vkSj Ñf"k ea=kky; ds fgLls ds :i esa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx vfLrRo esa vk;kA

zz vxLr 1979 esa bl foHkkx dk ntkZ c<+k;k x;k vkSj bls ^xzkeh.k iqufuZekZ.k ea=kky;* dk uke fn;k x;kA ckn esa bl ea=kky; dks ^xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;* dk uke fn;k x;kA

zz ,d ckj fiQj ls Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky; ds varxZr bls ,d foHkkx ds :i esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;kA flracj 1985 esa bls ,d ckj fiQj Ñf"k ea=kky; ds :i esa iquxZfBr fd;k x;kA

zz o"kZ 1991 esa foHkkx dk ntkZ c<+kdj bls xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky; cuk;k x;kA

zz o"kZ 1992 esa bl ea=kky; ds varxZr ,d vU; foHkkx] catj Hkwfe fodkl foHkkx dk l`tu fd;k x;kA

zz ekpZ 1995 esa bls xzkeh.k {ks=k vkSj jks”kxkj ea=kky; ds :i esa u;k uke fn;k x;k vkSj blesa rhu foHkkxksa& xzkeh.k jks”kxkj ,oa xjhch mUewyu foHkkx] xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx rFkk catj Hkwfe fodkl foHkkx dks j[kk x;kA

zz o"kZ 1999 esa ea=kky; ds uke esa iqu% cnyko fd;k x;k vkSj blesa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx] Hkwfe lalk/u foHkkx vkSj is;ty vkiw£r foHkkx cuk, x,A

zz tqykbZ 2011 ls is;ty rFkk LoPNrk foHkkx (2010 rd ;gh foHkkx is;ty vkiw£r foHkkx dgykrk Fkk) dks blls i`Fkd~ dj ,d Lora=k ea=kky; cuk fn;k x;kA orZeku esa xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky; ds varxZr nks foHkkx dk;Zjr gSa& xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx vkSj Hkwfe lalk/u foHkkxA

xzkeh.k fodkl gsrq izeq[k dk;ZØe (Major programmes for Rural Development)

xzkeh.kjks”kxkj(Rural Employment)zz egkRek xka/h jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jks”kxkj xkjaVh vf/fu;e] 2005 (eujsxk] 2005) xzkeh.k jks”kxkj gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj dk loZizeq[k dk;ZØe gSA

zz bl vf/fu;e dk y{; ns'k ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ifjokjksa dh vkthfodk lqj{kk esa o`f¼ djuk gSA

zz bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr fdlh Hkh foÙkh; o"kZ ds nkSjku izR;sd ifjokj dks U;wure 100 fnu ds fy;s fngkM+h jks”kxkj (lw[kk izHkkfor {ks=k vkSj tutkrh; {ks=kksa esa 150 fnuksa dk jks”kxkj) iDds rkSj ij miyC/ djk;k tkrk gS] c'krsZ mlds o;Ld lnL; vdq'ky Je dk;Z djus ds bPNqd gksaA

zz eujsxk dk;ZØe ds izeq[k LraHkksa esa lkekftd&vk£Fkd lekos'ku] ySafxd lekurk] lkekftd lqj{kk vkSj lekurk ij vkèkkfjr fodkl 'kkfey gSaA

dk;ZØedsy{;(Objectives of Programme)zz xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa izR;sd ifjokj dks ekax ij fdlh Hkh foÙkh; o"kZ esa 100 fnu ds fy;s vdq'ky Je dk;Z ds :i esa fngkM+h jks”kxkj (lw[kk izHkkfor {ks=k vkSj tutkrh; {ks=kksa esa 150 fnuksa dk jks”kxkj) miyC/ djkuk_

zz xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa fu/kZfjr xq.koÙkk ds lkFk fLFkj ykHkdkjh ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds l`tu ds lkFk lac¼ {ks=k ds <k¡pkxr vkèkkj dk fodkl djus okys dk;ks± esa fngkM+h jks”kxkj l`ftr djrs gq, xzkeh.k fu/Zuksa dh vkthfodk lqj{kk esa o`f¼_

zz xzkeh.k fu/Zuksa dk vkthfodk lalk/u vk/kj lqn`<+ ,oa lqjf{kr cukuk_

zz efgykvksa dk l'kDrhdj.k lqfuf'pr djuk_

zz xzkeh.k fu/Zuksa dk lfØ; lkekftd&vk£Fkd lekos'ku lqfuf'pr djuk vkSj mUgsa ,d lkekftd lqj{kk dop iznku djrs gq, LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks xfr iznku djuk_

186 India Year Book

oSKkfud vkSj izkS|ksfxdh; fodkl(Scientific and Technological Developments)25


zz ns'k dh foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh {kerk rFkk lkeF;Z c<+kus ds iz;kl esa foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx }kjk dbZ ;kstuk,¡ pykbZ tk jgh gSa] rkfd Hkkjrh; foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh leqnk; dks oSKkfud ,oa

rduhdh fodkl djus esa lgk;rk fey ldsA

zz foHkkx us ftu egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa ij viuk è;ku dsafnzr fd;k] muesa

ls dqN gSa% foKku ds vR;kèkqfud {ks=kksa esa oSf'od Lrj ij gksM+

djus ;ksX; vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl (R&D) ds fy;s oSKkfudksa rFkk izkS|ksfxdh tkudkjksa dh la[;k c<+kuk_ oSKkfud vuqlaèkku esa Hkkjr

dh oSf'od jSafdax csgrj djus ds fy;s vkj,aMMh laLFkkuksa dks

izksRlkgu nsuk rFkk <k¡pkxr lqfoèkk,¡ rS;kj djuk vkfnA

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx (Department of Science and Technology)

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx (DST), foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ds u, {ks=kksa dks c<+kok nsus ds mís'; ls o"kZ 1971 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh xfrfofèk;ksa ds vk;kstu] leUo; vkSj bls c<+kok

nsus gsrq ;g ,d uksMy foHkkx dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA bl foHkkx us viuh uhfr rFkk dqN fn'kk&funsZ'k fuèkkZfjr fd;s gSaA bldk izeq[k dk;Z

foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ls lacafèkr uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k] dSfcusV dh oSKkfud lykgdkj lfefr ls lacafèkr ekeyksa] tSo b±èku mRiknu] izlaLdj.k] ekudhdj.k vkSj vuqiz;ksxksa ls tqM+h Lons'kh izkS|ksfxdh ds

fodkl ds fy;s vius vuqlaèkku laLFkkuksa ;k iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds ekè;e ls vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl ds fo"k; esa lacafèkr ea=kky; ;k foHkkx ds

lkFk rkyesy LFkkfir djus vkSj oSKkfud vuqlaèkku laLFkkuksa] oSKkfud

la?kksa vkSj fudk;ksa ds fy;s leFkZu vkSj vuqnku lgk;rk iznku djuk gSA

foKku] izkS|ksfxdh ,oa uokpkj uhfr (Science, Technology and Innovation Policy)

zz 2013 esa ykbZ xbZ ubZ foKku] izkS|ksfxdh ,oa uokpkj (STI) uhfr esa foKku rFkk izkS|ksfxdh {ks=k esa uokpkj ij ”kksj fn;k x;k gSA

zz ,lVhvkbZ uhfr dk mís'; oSf'od Lrj ij gksM+ djus dh {kerk gkfly djus vkSj foKku dks ns'k ds fodkl ds ,tsaMk ls tksM+uk gSA

zz foKku] vuqlaèkku ,oa uokpkj iz.kkfy;ksa dk ,dhdj.k djus vkSj

Hkkjr dks foKku ds {ks=k esa ik¡p ;k Ng 'kh"kZ 'kfDr;ksa esa igq¡pkus dh bPNk ubZ ,lVhvkbZ uhfr esa Li"V :i ls trkbZ xbZ gSA

foKku ,oa vfHk;kaf=kdh vuqlaèkku cksMZ (Science and Engineering Research Board)zz foKku ,oa vfHk;kaf=kdh vuqlaèkku cksMZ (SERB) dh LFkkiuk ls foKku ,oa vfHk;kaf=kdh ds vxz.kh {ks=kksa esa vuqlaèkku rFkk fodkl esa cgqr enn feyh gSA

zz oSKkfudksa ds lsok dky ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa izfrHkk iyk;u jksdus ds fy;s cksMZ us dbZ u, dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd;s gSa] tSls& tYn vuqlaèkku izkjaHk djus ds fy;s iz;ksx'kkyk dh LFkkiuk djus esa ;qok iSQdYVh dh lgk;rk gsrq vyhZ dWfj;j fjlpZ vokM~lZ (ECRA)A

zz jk"Vªh;&iksLVMkWDVksjy iQsyksf'ki (,u&ihMh,iQ) ;kstuk] 3000 loZJs"B oSKkfudksa dks vuqla/ku ,oa fodkl (vkj,aMMh) laLFkkvksa] m|ksx rFkk fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa dke djus rFkk etcwr cukus ds fy;s Hkkjr esa jgus dk ekSdk nsxhA

zz vuqlaèkku ds mRÑ"V {ks=kksa esa xq.koÙkk;qDr deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k c<+kus ds fy;s 2015–16 esa vksojlht MkWDVksjy iQsyksf'ki vkjaHk dh xbZ gSA

zz bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr] Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky;ksa@laLFkkuksa esa Lukrd dh mikfèk izkIr djus okys Hkkjrh; Nk=kksa dks fons'k esa varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr okyh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa esa foKku] izkS|ksfxdh] vfHk;kaf=kdh rFkk fpfdRlk ds pqfuank {ks=kksa esa ih,pMh djus ds fy;s iQsyksf'ki iznku dh tkrh gSA

efgyk oSKkfudksa ds fy;s volj (Opportunities for Women Scientists)zz foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx us viuh izeq[k ;kstuk ^fdj.k* (ukWyst bUokWYoesaV bu fjlpZ ,MokalesaV Fkzw upZfjax) ds varxZr foKku esa efgykvksa ds fy;s fofHkUu dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd;sA

zz bl vuwBh igy ds ”kfj;s foHkkx mu efgyk oSKkfudksa dks HkkSfrd ,oa xf.krh; foKku] jlk;u foKku] tho foKku] i`Foh ,oa ok;qeaMyh; foKku rFkk vfHk;kaf=kdh izkS|ksfxdh esa vuqlaèkku iwjk djus dk volj iznku djrk gS] ftUgsa eq[;r;k ikfjokfjd dkj.kksa ls viuk dWfj;j chp esa gh NksM+uk iM+k FkkA

uSuks foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Nano Science and Technology)zz vuqlaèkku ds bl mHkjrs {ks=k esa fjlpZ ,oa MsoyiesaV dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s 2007 esa uSuks foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh gsrq jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d vEczsyk izksxzke vkjaHk fd;k x;kA

196 India Year Book


ns'k ds lrr~ vk£Fkd fodkl esa ifjogu dh lefUor vkSj lqpk:

iz.kkyh dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ns'k dh orZeku ifjogu iz.kkyh

esa jsy] lM+d] rVorhZ ukS&ogu] gokbZ ifjogu vkfn 'kkfey gSaA dqN

o"kks± esa bl iz.kkyh dh {kerk vkSj usVodZ esa egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

ifjogu ds fofHkUu lk/uksa ds fodkl ds fy;s uhfr;k¡ o dk;ZØe

cukus vkSj ykxw djus dh f”kEesnkjh tgk”kjkuh ea=kky;] lM+d ifjogu

,oa jktekxZ ea=kky;] jsy ea=kky; vkSj ukxj foekuu ea=kky; dh gSA

jsyos (Railways)

zz Hkkjr esa jsyos] ;k=kh ifjogu vkSj eky <qykbZ dk ,d izeq[k lk/u gSA

zz ;g ns'k ds lqnwj dksus&dksus ls yksxksa dks feykrh gS vkSj dkjksckj]

i;ZVu] rhFkZ;k=kk rFkk f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus dk ekè;e gSA

zz Hkkjrh; jsy fiNys 164 ls vf/d o"kks± ds nkSjku ,d cM+h lekos'kh

rkdr cu xbZ gSA

zz igyh jsyxkM+h 1853 esa eqacbZ ls Fkk.ks ds chp pyh FkhA ek=k 34 fdyksehVj dh nwjh r; djus ls 'kq: gqbZ bldh ;k=kk dk nk;jk

vc 67,368 fdyksehVj rd igq¡p x;kA

zz blesa 7349 LVs'kuksa dk O;kid usVodZ gSA blds csM+s esa 11,461 batu] 53,453 ;k=kh xkfM+;k¡] 6714 vU; dks¯px okgu vkSj

2,77,987 fMCcs gSaA

zz dqy ekxZ ds yxHkx 35.32 izfr'kr] ifjpkyu ekxZ ds 47.09 izfr'kr vkSj dqy iVjh ekxZ ds 48.26 izfr'kr dk fo|qrhdj.k

fd;k tk pqdk gSA lewpk jsyos usVodZ 17 ”kksuksa esa foHkkftr gSA blds izHkkx vk/kjHkwr izpkyu bdkb;k¡ gSaA 17 ”kksu vkSj muds

eq[;ky; fuEu gSa%

”kksuy jsyos (Zonal Railways)

eq[;ky; (Headquarters)

eè; jsyos – eqacbZ

iwohZ jsyos – dksydkrk

iwoZ rVh; jsyos – Hkqous'oj

iwoZ&eè; jsyos – gkthiqj

mÙkjh jsyos – ubZ fnYyh

ifjogu(Transport)26

mÙkj&eè; jsyos – ç;kxjkt (bykgkckn)

mÙkj&iwohZ jsyos – xksj[kiqj

iwoksZÙkj ÚafV;j jsyos – ekfyxk¡o (xqokgkVh)

mÙkj&if'peh jsyos – t;iqj

nf{k.kh jsyos – psUubZ

nf{k.k&eè; jsyos – fldanjkckn

nf{k.k&iwohZ jsyos – dksydkrk

nf{k.k&iwoZ eè; jsyos – fcykliqj

nf{k.k&if'peh jsyos – gqcyh

if'peh jsyos – eqacbZ

if'peh&eè; jsyos – tcyiqj

dksydkrk esVªks – dksydkrk

zz jsyos fu;kstu dk eq[; mís'; ifjogu ds vk/kjHkwr <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k djuk gS rkfd vuqekfur ;krk;kr ds vuq:i {kerk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldsA

zz 1950–51 esa fu;kstu ;qx dh 'kq#vkr ls Hkkjrh; jsyos us ok£"kd ;kstukvksa ds vykok ukS iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ykxw fd;k gSA

zz ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds iqu#¼kj ij izeq[krk ls ”kksj nsus ds lkFk&lkFk jsy iVfj;ksa] batuksa] ;k=kh fMCcksa] oSxu cksxh fM”kkbu] flXu¯yx vkSj nwjlapkj tSls egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa esa izkS|ksfxdh laca/h cnyko vkSj ekudksa dk mUu;u 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA

dsanzh;lkoZtfud{ks=km|e(Central Public Sector Enterprises)

zz jsy ea=kky; ds iz'kklfud fu;a=k.k esa pkSng izkf/dj.k vkrs gSaA ;s gSa% (1) jkbV~l fyfeVsM] (2) bjdkWu baVjus'kuy fyfeVsM] (3) Hkkjrh; jsyos foÙk fuxe fyfeVsM] (4) daVsuj dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM] (5) dksad.k jsyos dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM] (6) eqacbZ jsyos fodkl dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM] (7) bafM;u jsyos dsV¯jx ,aM VwfjTe dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM] (8) jsyVsy dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM] (9) jsy fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM] (10) MsMhdsVsM izsQV dkWfjMksj dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM] (11) Hkkjr oSxu ,aM bathfu;¯jx daiuh fyfeVsM] (12) cuZ LVSaMMZ daiuh fyfeVsM (13) czsFkosV ,aM daiuh fyfeVsM] vkSj (14) dksydkrk esVªks jsy dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsMA

205India Year Book


zz ty lalk/u] unh fodkl vkSj xaxk laj{k.k ea=kky; (Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation) ns'k ds ty lalk/uksa ds fodkl vkSj fu;eu ds fy;s uhfr;k¡ vkSj dk;ZØe cukrk gSA

zz blds dk;ks± esa {ks=kxr vk;kstuk] leUo;] uhfr fn'kkfunsZ'k] ifj;kstukvksa dk rduhdh ijh{k.k vkSj rduhdh&vk£Fkd ewY;kadu] fo'ks"k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s dsanzh; lgk;rk iznku djuk] ckgjh lgk;rk eqgS;k djkus esa enn djuk vkSj varjkZT;h; ty fooknksa ds lek/ku esa lgk;rk djuk] cM+h] eè;e vkSj y?kq ¯lpkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ds laca/ esa uhfr fuekZ.k] vk;kstuk vkSj ekxZn'kZu] Hkwfexr ty izca/u] deku {ks=k fodkl] ck<+ fu;a=k.k] cka/ lqj{kk vkSj unh fodkl rFkk xaxk (bldh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds laj{k.k lfgr) laj{k.k] varjkZT;h; ufn;ksa dk fu;eu vkSj fodkl] vfèkdj.kksa ds iSQlyksa dks ykxw djuk] ty xq.koÙkk ewY;kadu] f}i{kh;@ckgjh lgk;rk vkSj Hkkjr vkSj iM+kslh ns'kksa dh lk>k ufn;ksa ls lacaf/r ekeys 'kkfey gSaA

jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku (National Water Mission)zz tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj lacaf/r eqíksa ds lek/ku dks ns[krs gq, tyok;q ifjorZu laca/h jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk (NAPCC) ds varxZr tyok;q ifjorZu ds nq"izHkko dh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s vkB jk"Vªh; fe'kuksa ds ”kfj;s fl¼kar r; fd;s x, vkSj viukbZ tkus okyh dk;Zuhfr dh igpku dh xbZA jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku ,u,ihlhlh ds varxZr r; fd;s x, fe'kuksa esa ls ,d gSA

zz jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku dk izeq[k y{; ty dk laj{k.k] mldh cckZnh esa deh ykuk vkSj lesfdr ty lalk/u fodkl ,oa izca/u ds ”kfj;s jkT;ksa ds chp rFkk fdlh jkT; ds Hkhrj ty dk vf/d lekurk ij vk/kfjr forj.k lqfuf'pr djuk gSA

zz fe'ku ds ik¡p fu/kZfjr y{; bl izdkj gSa% (1) lkoZtfud {ks=k esa ikuh ds ckjs esa O;kid MsVkcsl rS;kj djuk vkSj ty lalkèkuksa ij tyok;q ifjorZu ds nq"izHkko dk ewY;kadu djuk] (2) ty laj{k.k] lao¼Zu vkSj ifjj{k.k ds fy;s ukxfjd ,oa ljdkjh dkjZokbZ dks c<+kok nsuk] (3) vR;f/d nksgu okys {ks=kksa lfgr lqHks| {ks=kksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku dsafnzr djuk] (4) ikuh ds fdiQk;rh mi;ksx esa 20 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ djuk vkSj (5) unh csflu (Basin) Lrjh; ,dhÑr ty lalk/u izca/u dk lao¼ZuA

ty lalk/ku(Water Resources)27

zz jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku ds varxZr lapkfyr izeq[k xfrfof/;k¡ bl izdkj gSa%

z� O;kid ty MsVkcsl% bafM;k&MCY;wvkjvkbZ,l (okVj fjlkslZ baiQkWesZ'ku flLVe) ,d iksVZy gS] tks ty lalk/uksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh iznku djrk gSA bls dsanzh; ty vk;ksx us fodflr fd;k gSA lrg vkSj Hkwfexr ty laca/h lHkh vk¡dM+s bl iksVZy ij miyC/ gSaA lrg ty lalk/uksa vkSj Hkwfexr ty lalk/uksa ds ckjs esa thvkbZ,l MsVk bafM;k& MCY;wvkjvkbZ,l dh lkbV ij izn£'kr fd;s x, gSaA

z� ,uMCY;w,e osc iksVZy% ;g jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku dk ,d Lora=k osc iksVZy Hkh gSA bl iksVZy dk y{; ty lalk/uksa] laxBuksa vkSj ty lalk/uksa ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ls lacaf/r mudh xfrfof/;ksa ds ckjs esa leLr tkudkjh ,d gh ¯cnq ij miyC/ djkuk gSA

z� ty lalk/uksa ij tyok;q ifjorZu ds nq"izHkko dk ewY;kadu% ,uMCY;w,e esa 8 unh csflu (egkunh] ekgh] ywuh] rkih] lryqt] lkcjerh] Lo.kZjs[kk vkSj VkMªh (Tadri) ls dU;kdqekjh rd if'pe dh vksj cgus okyh ufn;k¡) dh igpku dh xbZ gS rkfd ea=kky; ds vuqla/ku ,oa fodkl dk;ZØe ds varxZr vkbZvkbZVh”k ,uvkbZVh”k] vkbZvkbZ,llh vkSj ,uvkbZ,p tSls vuqla/ku laLFkkuksa ds lg;ksx ls tyok;q ifjorZu ds nq"izHkkoksa dk vè;;u fd;k tk ldsA

z� ekuo lalk/u fodkl vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k@tkx:drk c<+kuk% ,uMCY;w,e us ekuo lalk/ku fodkl@izf'k{k.k@{kerk fuekZ.k@tutkx:drk dk;ZØeksa ds fy;s fn'kkfunsZ'k rS;kj fd;s gSaA fofHkUu dk;Zuhfr;ksa ij vey djus ds fy;s 25 izf'k{k.k@{kerk fuekZ.k@tu tkx:drk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;s x,A

z� ty lalk/uksa ds fy;s jkT; fo"k;d dk;Z ;kstuk,¡ rS;kj djuk% ty lalk/uksa ds fy;s jkT; fo"k;d dk;Z ;kstuk (,l,l,ih) rS;kj djus gsrq jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku us dkjZokbZ 'kq: dh gSA bu dk;Z ;kstukvksa esa lpkbZ] Ñf"k] ?kjsyw tykiw£r] vkS|ksfxd tykiw£r vkSj lHkh jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds lanHkZ esa xans ikuh dk bLrseky tSls fo"k; 'kkfey fd;s x, gSaA

jk"Vªh; ty uhfr (National Water Policy)zz ns'k esa ty lalk/uksa ds laj{k.k] fodkl vkSj csgrj izca/u ds fy;s jk"Vªh; ty uhfr] 2012 viukbZ xbZA jk"Vªh; ty uhfr esa dh xbZ egÙoiw.kZ vuq'kalkvksa esa jk"Vªh; ty izsQeodZ dkuwu_

216 India Year Book


zz Hkkjr ljdkj dk lkekftd U;k; ,oa vf/dkfjrk ea=kky; ns'kokfl;ksa ds dY;k.k] lkekftd U;k; rFkk vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr] vU; fiNM+k oxZ] fnO;kax] cqtqxZ vkSj u'khys inkFkks± ds nq#i;ksx ds f'kdkj rFkk vU; misf{kr ,oa oafpr yksxksa ds l'kDrhdj.k ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSA

zz ea=kky; nks foHkkxksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gS&

(i) lkekftd U;k; ,oa vf/dkfjrk foHkkxA

(ii) fnO;kax O;fDr;ksa dks vf/dkj laiUu cukus dk foHkkxA

vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dk dY;k.k (Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes)

vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy;s lafoèkku esa vusd izkoèkku fd;s x, gSaA fuEufyf[kr nks dkuwu fo'ks"k :i lsµ 1. NqvkNwr vkSj 2. vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds fo#¼ vR;kpkj jksdus ds mís'; ls cuk;s x, gSaA

ukxfjd vfèkdkj laj{k.k(Protection of Civil Rights)

zz Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 17 dk ikyu djrs gq, NqvkNwr (vijkèk) dkuwu] 1955 cuk;k x;kA

zz blds ckn blesa la'kksèku fd;k x;k vkSj o"kZ 1976 esa bls u;k uke ûkxfjd vfèkdkj laj{k.k dkuwu] 1955* fn;k x;kA bl dkuwu ds varxZr fu;eksa] ;kuh ûkxfjd vfèkdkj laj{k.k fu;eksa] 1977* dks 1977 esa vfèklwfpr fd;k x;kA

zz ;g dkuwu iwjs Hkkjr esa ykxw gqvk vkSj blesa NqvkNwr ds fy;s l”kk dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA

vuqlwfprtkfrvkSjvuqlwfprtutkfr(vR;kpkjksadhjksdFkke)vf/fu;e[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act]

zz vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr (vR;kpkjksa dh jksdFkke) dkuwu] 1989 dks 1990 esa ykxw fd;k x;kA

zz bl dkuwu dk mís'; vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds f[+kykI+kQ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds vykok fdlh O;fDr ds }kjk vijkèkksa dks jksduk FkkA

dY;k.k(Welfare)28vuqlwfprtkfrvkSjvuqlwfprtutkfr(vR;kpkjksadhjksdFkke)la'kks/uvf/fu;e]2015 vkSj2016

zz blds varxZr dqN u, vijkèkksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSj orZeku dks vyx <ax ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA

zz vtk- vkSj vttk- ds lnL;ksa ds f[+kykI+kQ vR;kpkjksa ds vijkèkksa esa rs”kh ls eqdnek pykus ds fy;s fo'ks"k vnkyrsa cukbZ xbZ gSa vkSj ljdkjh odhy ds ckjs esa fo'ks"k fooj.k iznku fd;k x;k gSA

zz îhfM+rksa vkSj xokgksa ds vfèkdkjksa* ds lacaèk esa ,d u;k vè;k; 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

zz jkT;ksa dks dqN dÙkZO; vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ lkSaih xbZ gSa rkfd os ihfM+rksa] muds vkfJrksa vkSj xokgksa dks laj{k.k iznku djus ds fy;s vko';d izcaèk dj ldsaA

zz jkgr jkf'k dks c<+kdj ` 85,000 ls ` 8,25,000 ds eè; dj fn;k x;k gS ysfdu jkgr dh jkf'k vijkèk dh izÑfr ij fuHkZj djsxhA

zz Lohdk;Z jkgr dk Hkqxrku 7 fnu ds vanj djuk gksxkA tk¡p vkSj vkjksi&i=k nk;j djus dk dke 60 fnu ds Hkhrj djuk gksxkA

jk"Vªh;vuqlwfprtkfrvk;ksx(National Commission for Scheduled Caste)

zz jk"Vªh; vtk- vkSj jk"Vªh; vttk- vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk 1990 esa lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 383 ds varxZr dh xbZ FkhA mls 89osa lafoèkku (la'kksèku) dkuwu 2003 ds ckn nks Hkkxksa esa] jk"Vªh; vuqlwfpr tkfr vk;ksx (NCSC) vkSj jk"Vªh; vuqlwfpr tutkfr vk;ksx esa foHkkftr dj fn;k x;kA

zz jk"Vªh; vuqlwfpr tkfr vk;ksx vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh lqj{kk dh fuxjkuh vkSj muds dY;k.k ls tqM+s eqíksa dh leh{kk ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSA

zz ,ulh,llh ds dk;Z lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 338(5) esa bl izdkj crk, x, gSaµ (d) lafoèkku ds varxZr vFkok dqN le; ds fy;s ykxw fdlh Hkh dkuwu ds varxZr vFkok ljdkj ds fdlh Hkh vkns'k ds varxZr vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dks iznÙk lqj{kk ls tqM+s lHkh eqíksa dh tk¡p vkSj fuxjkuh djuk vkSj ,slh lqj{kk dk ewY;kadu_ ([k) vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dks vfèkdkjksa vkSj laj{k.k ls oafpr djus ds lacaèk esa dqN fo'ks"k f'kdk;rksa dh tk¡p djuk_ (x) vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl dh ;kstuk izfØ;k esa Hkkxhnkjh vkSj lykg rFkk la?k vkSj fdlh jkT; ds

234 India Year Book


zz ns'k dh vkcknh esa ;qok lcls ÅtkZoku vkSj lfØ; oxZ dk izfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA

zz Hkkjr nqfu;k esa lcls vf/d ;qok vkcknh okyk ns'k gSA

zz ;gk¡ yxHkx 65 izfr'kr tula[;k 35 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds yksxksa dh gSA

zz ns'k dh vkcknh dk 27.5 izfr'kr 15 ls 29 o"kZ ds vk;q oxZ esa gSA

zz tula[;k dk ;g fgLlk vikj volj iznku djrk gSA bldk ykHk mBkus ds fy;s t:jh gS fd vFkZO;oLFkk esa Je 'kfDr esa o`f¼ djus dh {kerk gksA

zz ;qok] iwjh rjg f'kf{kr] dq'ky rFkk LokLF; ds izfr tkx:d gksa vkSj gj rjg ls l{ke gksa rkfd os vFkZO;oLFkk esa mi;ksxh ;ksxnku dj ldsaA

jk"Vªh; ;qok uhfr (National Youth Policy)

zz ^jk"Vªh; ;qok uhfr* dks iQjojh 2014 esa ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA

zz bls jk"Vªh; ;qok uhfr 2003 ds LFkku ij yk;k x;k FkkA

zz bl uhfr esa 15 ls 29 o"kZ ds O;fDr;ksa dks ;qok ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

;qokvksa ds fy;s ;kstuk,¡ (Schemes for Youths)

zz ;qok dk;ZØe foHkkx] ;qokvksa ds fodkl vkSj l'kDrhdj.k ds fy;s dbZ ;kstuk,¡ pyk jgk FkkA

zz foHkkx us lHkh ;kstukvksa ds iquxZBu@lqn`<+hdj.k ds cM+s dk;ZØe dk chM+k mBk;k vkSj bls laiUu fd;kA

zz vc ;qok dk;ZØe foHkkx] fuEu rhu loksZRÑ"V ;kstukvksa ds rgr ;s dk;ZØe ykxw dj jgk gS%

Ø-la- iwoZ ;kstuk dk uke ubZ ;kstuk dk uke1. usg: ;qok dsaæ laxBu

(NYKS)bu ;kstukvksa dk ,d ubZ vaczsyk Ldhe esa foy; gqvk ftls jk"Vªh; ;qok l'kDrhdj.k dk;ZØe* (RYSK) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

2. jk"Vªh; ;qok dksj3. jk"Vªh; ;qok vkSj fd'kksj

fodkl dk;ZØe (NPYAD)

;qok ekeys vkSj [ksy(Youth Affairs and Sports)29

4. varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx5. ;qok Nk=kkokl (YH)

6. LdkmV vkSj xkbM laxBuksa dks lgk;rk

7. jk"Vªh; vuq'kklu ;kstuk (NDS)

8. jk"Vªh; ;qok usrk dk;ZØe (NYLP)

9. jk"Vªh; lsok ;kstuk(NSS)

jk"Vªh; lsok ;kstuk (NSS)

10. jktho xkaèkh jk"Vªh; ;qok fodkl laLFkku (RGNIYD)

jktho xkaèkh jk"Vªh; ;qok fodkl laLFkku (RGNIYD)

jk"Vªh; ;qok l'kDrhdj.k dk;ZØe (Rashtriya Yuva Sashaktikaran Karyakram)

usg:;qokdsaælaxBu(Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan)

zz usg: ;qok dsanz laxBu (NYKS) dh LFkkiuk 1972 esa dh xbZ FkhA

zz bl dk;ZØe dk mís'; ;qokvksa ds O;fDrRo dks fu[kkjuk gSA

zz muesa usr`Ro ds xq.kksa dk fodkl djuk vkSj mUgsa jk"Vª fuekZ.k dh

xfrfof/;ksa esa yxkuk gSA

zz laLFkku lk{kjrk rFkk f'k{kk] LokLF; rFkk ifjokj dY;k.k] LoPNrk]

lkiQ&liQkbZ] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] lkekftd eqn~nksa ds izfr tkx:drk]

efgyk l'kDrhdj.k] xzkeh.k fodkl] dkS'ky fodkl tSlh

xfrfofèk;ksa ij è;ku dsafær djrk gSA

jk"Vªh;;qokdksj(National Youth Corps)

zz jk"Vªh; ;qok dksj ;kstuk 2010–11 esa 'kq: dh xbZ FkhA

zz bls jk"Vªh; ;qok dsaæ laLFkku ds ekè;e ls ykxw fd;k tk jgk gSA

zz blds eq[; mís'; bl izdkj gSaµ ,sls vuq'kkflr vkSj lefiZr

;qokvksa dk lewg cukuk ftudk >qdko vkSj t”ck jk"Vª fuekZ.k

ds dk;ks± ds izfr gSA

zz lekos'kh fodkl (lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd) gkfly djus esa enn

djukA

zz vifjorZd lewg vkSj lkFkh lewg f'k{kd ds :i esa dk;Z djukA

239India Year Book

v#.

kkpy i

zns'k

{ks=kiQy% 83,743 oxZ fdeh-] tula[;k% 1,383,727 (tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj)] oqQy f”kys% 21] jktèkkuh% bZVkuxj] fyaxkuqikr% 938] lk{kjrk% 65.38 izfr'kr] eq[; Hkk"kk,¡% vaxzs”kh] eksuik] feth] vdk vkfnA

zz igys v#.kkpy izns'k dks ‘North–East Frontier Agency’ (NEFA) dgk tkrk FkkA

zz 20 tuojh] 1972 esa bls v#.kkpy izns'k ds uke ls dsanz'kkflr izns'k cuk;k x;k rFkk 20 iQjojh] 1987 esa bls iw.kZ jkT; dk ntkZ feykA

zz v#.kkpy izns'k dh varjkZ"Vªh; lhek mÙkj vkSj mÙkj&iwoZ esa phu] if'pe esa HkwVku rFkk iwoZ esa E;k¡ekj ls yxrh gS] blfy;s ;g Hkkjr ds fy;s lkefjd egÙo j[krk gSA

zz jkT; ds mPp U;k;ky; dk vfèkdkj {ks=k xqokgkVh mPp U;k;ky; ds varxZr vkrk gSA

oU;thovHk;kj.;

dkeykax oU;tho vHk;kj.;] bZVkuxj oU;tho vHk;kj.;] i[kqbZ oU;tho vHk;kj.;] bZxyusLV oU;tho vHk;kj.; vkfnA

jk"Vªh;ikdZ

ukeniQk us'kuy ikoZQ] ekWfyax us'kuy ikoZQ] lslk vkW£dM vHk;kj.;] fngkax&fnckax ck;ksLiQh;j fj”koZA

izeq[kufn;k¡

dkesax] lqcufljh] fl;kax (czãiq=k) yksfgr vkSj frjiA

vle

{ks=kiQy% 78,438 oxZ fdeh-] tula[;k% 31,205,576 (tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj)] oqQy f”kys% 33] jktèkkuh% fnliqj] fyaxkuqikr% 958] lk{kjrk% 72.19 izfr'kr] eq[; Hkk"kk,¡% vlfe;k] cksMks] dkchZA

zz vle dks ^iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr dk izgjh* rFkk ^iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa dk izos'k }kj* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

zz vle dh lhek ckaXykns'k rFkk HkwVku ns'kksa ds lkFk feyrh gSA

uksV% fcgw vle esa euk;k tkus okyk izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA

ou,oaoU;tho

zz vle viuh ou laink] tho&tarqvksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds fy;s izfl¼ gSA

zz vle esa dqy ou {ks=k jkT; ds leLr Hkw&Hkkx dk yxHkx 35.22 izfr'kr gSA

zz dk”khjaxk us'kuy ikdZ&,d lhax okys xSaMs ds fy;s rFkk ekul jk"Vªh; m|ku jkW;y caxky Vkbxj ds fy;s fo'o izfl¼ gSA

m|ksxzz jkT; esa Ñf"k vkèkkfjr m|ksxksa esa pk; izèkku m|ksx gSAzz vle esa 4 rsy'kksèku dkj[kkus dk;Zjr gSa ftlesa ls ,d fMXcksbZ esa fLFkr gSAzz jkT; esa dbZ fdLe ds js'ke dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS (bZjh] ewxk vkSj Vlj vkfn)A

izeq[ki;ZVuLFkydkek[;k eafnj] mekuank] uoxzg eafnj] of'k"B vkJe] Mksy

xksfoan eafnj] xkaèkh eaMi] 'kqØs'oj eafnj] xhrk eafnj] enu dkenso eafnj rFkk ljk;?kkV iqy vkfnA

fcgkj

{ks=kiQy% 94,163 oxZ fdeh-] tula[;k% 104,099,452 (tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj)] oqQy f”kys% 38] jktèkkuh% iVuk] fyaxkuqikr% 918] lk{kjrk% 61.80 izfr'kr] eq[; Hkk"kk,¡% fganh rFkk mnwZ (LFkkuh; Hkk"kk& Hkkstiqjh] exgh] eSfFkyh vkfn)

Ñf"k

zz jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; vkèkkj Ñf"k gSA ;gk¡ dh izeq[k [kk| iQlysa èkku] xsgw¡] eDdk rFkk nkysa gSaA

zz jkT; ds dqy HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy ds 6.87 izfr'kr Hkkx ij ou ik;s tkrs gSaA

izeq[km|ksx

zz eq”kÝiQjiqj rFkk eksdkek esa Hkkjr oSxu ,aM bathfu;fjax fyfeVsM dk jsyos oSxu IykaV_

zz cjkSuh fLFkr Hkkjrh; rsy fuxe dk rsy 'kksèkd dkj[kkuk_

zz cjkSuh fLFkr HPCL rFkk ve>ksj fLFkr ikbjkbV~l iQkWLiQsV ,aM dsfedYl fyfeVsM jkT; ds izeq[k moZjd la;a=k_

zz gkthiqj esa nok dkj[kkuk_

zz vkSjaxkckn rFkk iVuk esa [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx_

zz catkjh esa dY;k.kiqj lhesaV dk dkj[kkukA

izeq[ki;ZVuLFky

ckS¼ ,oa tSu èkeZ ls lacafèkr jktxhj] ukyank] oS'kkyh] ikokiqjh rFkk cksèkx;k_ foØef'kyk_ lklkjke fLFkr 'ksj'kkg dk edcjk_ dSewj fLFkr eqaMs'ojh eafnj_ jksgrklx<+ dk fdyk_ ukyank fLFkr izeq[k tSu LFky dqaMyiqj_ ukyank ds usiqjk esa fLFkr xzkeh.k i;ZVu LFky_ ykSfj;k uanux<+A

jkT; rFkk dsaæ'kkflr izns'k(States and Union Territories)30

lkekU; lwpuk,¡(General Information)31

Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr (Presidents of India)

uke inkofèk

MkW- jktsanz izlkn (1884–1963) 26 tuojh] 1950 ls 13 ebZ] 1962

MkW- loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku (1888–1975)

13 ebZ] 1962 ls 13 ebZ] 1967

MkW- ”kkfdj gqlSu (1897–1969) 13 ebZ] 1967 ls 03 ebZ] 1969

ojkgfxfj osadV fxfj (1894–1980) (dk;Zokgd)

03 ebZ] 1969 ls 20 tqykbZ] 1969

U;k;ewfrZ eqgEen fgnk;rqYykg (1905–1992) (dk;Zokgd)

20 tqykbZ] 1969 ls 24 vxLr] 1969

ojkgfxfj osadV fxfj (1894–1980)

24 vxLr] 1969 ls 24 vxLr] 1974

MkW- iQ[k#íhu vyh vgen (1905–1977)

24 vxLr] 1974 ls 11 iQjojh] 1977

ch-Mh- tÙkh (1912–2002) (dk;Zokgd)

11 iQjojh] 1977 ls 25 tqykbZ] 1977

uhye latho jsM~Mh (1913–1996)

25 tqykbZ] 1977 ls 25 tqykbZ] 1982

Kkuh tSy flag (1916–1994) 25 tqykbZ] 1982 ls 25 tqykbZ] 1987

vkj- osadVjeu (1910–2009) 25 tqykbZ] 1987 ls 25 tqykbZ] 1992

MkW- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ (1918–1999)


MkW- ds-vkj- ukjk;.ku (1920–2005)


MkW- ,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke (1931–2015)

25 tqykbZ] 2002 ls25 tqykbZ] 2007

izfrHkk nsohflag ikfVy (tUe 1934)


iz.kc eq[kthZ (tUe 1935) 25 tqykbZ] 2012 ls25 tqykbZ] 2017

jkeukFk dks¯on (tUe 1945) 25 tqykbZ] 2017 ls vc rd

Hkkjr ds mi&jk"Vªifr (Vice-Presidents of India)

uke inkofèk

MkW- loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku (1888–1975) 1952–1962MkW- ”kkfdj gqlSu (1897–1969) 1962–1967ojkgfxfj osadV fxfj (1894–1980) 1967–1969

xksiky Lo:i ikBd (1896–1982) 1969–1974ch-Mh- tÙkh (1912–2002) 1974–1979

U;k;ewfrZ eksgEen fgnk;rqYykg (1905–1992) 1979–1984vkj- osadVjeu (1910–2009) 1984–1987MkW- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ (1918–1999) 1987–1992ds-vkj- ukjk;.ku (1920–2005) 1992–1997Ñ".kdkar (1927–2002) 1997–2002HkSjksa flag 'ks[kkor (1923–2010) 2002–2007eksgEen gkfen valkjh (tUe 1937) 2007–2017,e- oSads;k uk;Mw (tUe 1949) 2017 ls vc rd

Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=h (Prime Ministers of India)

uke inkofèk

ia- tokgjyky usg: (1889–1964)

15 vxLr] 1947 ls 27 ebZ] 1964

xqytkjh yky uank (1898–1998) (dk;Zokgd)

27 ebZ] 1964 ls 09 twu] 1964

yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh (1904–1966) 09 twu] 1964 ls 11 tuojh] 1966

xqytkjh yky uank (1898–1998) (dk;Zokgd)

11 tuojh] 1966 ls 24 tuojh] 1966

bafnjk xkaèkh (1917–1984) 24 tuojh] 1966 ls 24 ekpZ] 1977

eksjkjth nslkbZ (1896–1995) 24 ekpZ] 1977 ls 28 tqykbZ] 1979pj.k flag (1902–1987) 28 tqykbZ] 1979 ls 14 tuojh]

1980bafnjk xkaèkh (1917–1984) 14 tuojh] 1980 ls 31

vDrwcj] 1984jktho xkaèkh (1944–1991) 31 vDrwcj] 1984 ls 02

fnlacj] 1989fo'oukFk izrki flag (1931–2008) 02 fnlacj] 1989 ls 10 uoacj] 1990pUnz'ks[kj (1927–2007) 10 uoacj] 1990 ls 21 twu] 1991

252 India Year Book

Hkkjr - Drishti IASHkkjr 2019 lkj-laxzg n`f"V ifCyds'kUl 641, izFke ry] MkW- eq[kthZ uxj]...

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Transcript of Hkkjr - Drishti IASHkkjr 2019 lkj-laxzg n`f"V ifCyds'kUl 641, izFke ry] MkW- eq[kthZ uxj]...