HJ International Latin America, Inc. Installed capacity of Distribution Transformers. The situation...
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Transcript of HJ International Latin America, Inc. Installed capacity of Distribution Transformers. The situation...
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Installed capacity of Installed capacity of Distribution Distribution Transformers. Transformers.
The situation and a The situation and a proposal of solution.proposal of solution.
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Presentation of the Presentation of the situationsituation
There is an excess of installed capacity of distribution transformers
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
An interesting ratioAn interesting ratio
• Invoiced energy, Gwh per yearInvoiced energy, Gwh per year
Fi = -----------------------------------------------------Fi = -----------------------------------------------------
CITD * fp * 24 * 360CITD * fp * 24 * 360
CITD: Installed capacity in Distribution Transformers, CITD: Installed capacity in Distribution Transformers, GVAGVA
fp: Global system power factorfp: Global system power factor
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Determining the Determining the magnitude of the Over-magnitude of the Over-
CapacityCapacity• One indicator of the One indicator of the
over-capacity is the over-capacity is the ratio between the ratio between the installed capacity of installed capacity of Power Transformers Power Transformers in the Substations in the Substations at the end of the at the end of the transmission lines transmission lines and …..and …..
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Determining the Determining the magnitude of the Over-magnitude of the Over-
CapacityCapacity
• ……. the total installed . the total installed
capacity of distribution capacity of distribution
transformers reducing transformers reducing
medium voltage to low medium voltage to low
voltage levels.voltage levels.
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Determining the Determining the magnitude of the Over-magnitude of the Over-
CapacityCapacity• In most cases, the ratio R : In most cases, the ratio R :
• Installed Capacity of Distribution TransformersInstalled Capacity of Distribution Transformers
R = -------------------------------------------------------------R = -------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Capacity of Power TransformersInstalled Capacity of Power Transformers
• > 2.0 > 2.0
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Something to think Something to think about….about….
• Since the flow of energy in the system Since the flow of energy in the system is the same for Power and Distribution is the same for Power and Distribution Transformers…..Transformers…..
• AVERAGE LOADAVERAGE LOAD AVERAGE LOAD AVERAGE LOAD DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION POWER POWER TRANSFORMERSTRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMERSTRANSFORMERS
• = = ----------------------------------------
• RR
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Now, transformer size can Now, transformer size can be selected based on be selected based on
maximum load (Utilization maximum load (Utilization Factor, Fu)...Factor, Fu)...
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4Loadp.u.
rmsequiv
Trafosizep.u.
• Max Load
Fu = ----------------
Transf. Size
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
……or based on the rms or based on the rms equivalent load... equivalent load...
TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER AVERAGE LOAD : AVERAGE LOAD :
rms equiv. loadrms equiv. load
La = --------------------La = --------------------
Transf. sizeTransf. size0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1 5 9
13
17
21
Load p.u.
rms equiv
Trafo sizebased onrms load
Trafo sizebased onpeak load
TRANSFORMER OVERSIZE
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Then we realize that...Then we realize that...
• If transformers are selected just If transformers are selected just thinking of maximum load…thinking of maximum load…
• ……this conduces to select capacities this conduces to select capacities much higher than the actually needed.much higher than the actually needed.
• Transformer sizes should be selected Transformer sizes should be selected as possible based on the average load as possible based on the average load taken from the actual load curve taken from the actual load curve (projected)…(projected)…• It is important to take advantage of the It is important to take advantage of the transformer transformer overload capacityoverload capacity..
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Oversize magnitude comes Oversize magnitude comes from...from...
• Ratio R, commented before, andRatio R, commented before, and
• A ratio K depending on the load curve A ratio K depending on the load curve and defined as...and defined as...
• K = Fu / La = Maximum load / Average K = Fu / La = Maximum load / Average loadload• Maximum oversize magnitude comes Maximum oversize magnitude comes from the product given by…….from the product given by…….
• OSmax = R * KOSmax = R * K
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Something more to think Something more to think about….about….
• Since the flow of energy in the system Since the flow of energy in the system is the same for Power and Distribution is the same for Power and Distribution Transformers…..Transformers…..
• AVERAGE LOADAVERAGE LOAD Fu OF THE Fu OF THE DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION POWER POWER TRANSFORMERSTRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMERSTRANSFORMERS
• = = ----------------------------------------
• R * KR * K
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
A typical value for K is 1.6. A typical value for K is 1.6. This makes OSmax = 4.8 This makes OSmax = 4.8
Thus, the average load of distribution Thus, the average load of distribution transformers in the system can be so transformers in the system can be so
low as….low as….
UTILIZATION FACTOR POWER TRANSFORMER
AVERAGE LOAD DISTRIBUTION TRANSF.
90 % 18.8 %
70 % 14.6 %
50 % 10.4 %
30 % 6.30 %
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Immediate goal is...Immediate goal is...
• To increase the average load of To increase the average load of Distribution Transformers in the Distribution Transformers in the System.System.
TIP Importance of the load losses
in this process
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Average Load of Distribution Average Load of Distribution Transformers in the system Transformers in the system
(Instance)(Instance)
0-10%>22%10-22%
• Average transformer ratings may be reduced in the system by factors from 2 up to 5 !!
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
There are 2 aspects to be There are 2 aspects to be taken into account as taken into account as
increasing average load of increasing average load of distribution transformersdistribution transformers
•TRANSFORMER LOSSESTRANSFORMER LOSSES
•TRANSFORMER FAILURESTRANSFORMER FAILURES
However….However….
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Increasing or reducingIncreasing or reducingthrough higher La in the system??through higher La in the system??
LOSSES COST...
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
15% 25% 60% 80% 110%
La
USD
TotalCost
EnergyCost
AssetsCost
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
WHERE WE ARE TODAY WHERE WE ARE TODAY INDICATES OUR COMPROMISEINDICATES OUR COMPROMISE
CURRENT CURRENT SITUATIONSITUATION
20 %20 %WHERE WE SHOULD BE WHERE WE SHOULD BE
60 A 75 60 A 75 %%
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
It is experienced an increment of It is experienced an increment of overload failures along with a overload failures along with a
higher “La” in the systemhigher “La” in the system
0102030405060708090
25% 80% 110%
La
OverloadsShortcircuitsLightingOthers
UNLESS THE TRANSFORMER BE UNLESS THE TRANSFORMER BE ADEQUATELY PROTECTED AGAINST ADEQUATELY PROTECTED AGAINST
OVERLOADS !!OVERLOADS !!
TRANSFORMER FAILURESTRANSFORMER FAILURES
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Our proposal of solution Our proposal of solution is...is...
THE SELF PROTECTED THE SELF PROTECTED TRANSFORMERTRANSFORMER• To increase the Average Load “La” without To increase the Average Load “La” without increasing overload failuresincreasing overload failures
• To allow the reduction of the Over-Capacity To allow the reduction of the Over-Capacity factor “R” along with the losses in the system factor “R” along with the losses in the system without increasing other related costswithout increasing other related costs
• To reduce installation costsTo reduce installation costs• To get a significant reduction of the overall To get a significant reduction of the overall transformers failure rate in the distribution transformers failure rate in the distribution systemsystem
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
SUMMARY OF THE SUMMARY OF THE SELF - PROTECTION SELF - PROTECTION
PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES
A GUIDE THAT SHOWS THE MAIN A GUIDE THAT SHOWS THE MAIN CONCEPTS TO SUCCESSFULLY CONCEPTS TO SUCCESSFULLY
INTRODUCE THE SELF - PROTECTION INTRODUCE THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 1# 1IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Using Self Protected Transformers is Using Self Protected Transformers is not only to add some components to not only to add some components to
the transformer…!!the transformer…!!
ARRESTERBREAKER
FUSES
SIGNALLIGHT
OPERATING HANDLE & EMERGENCY OVERLOAD
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
……it is to use a COMPLETE it is to use a COMPLETE philosophy to protect and handle philosophy to protect and handle
with...with...
THE TRANSFORMERS...THE TRANSFORMERS...
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
……it is to use a COMPLETE it is to use a COMPLETE philosophy to protect and handle philosophy to protect and handle
with...with...
...THE DISTRIBUTION ...THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM... SYSTEM...
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
……it is to use a complete it is to use a complete philosophy to protect and handle philosophy to protect and handle
with...with...
...AND THE CUSTOMERS ...AND THE CUSTOMERS !!
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 2# 2IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Main transformer protecting tasks, Main transformer protecting tasks, including selection and including selection and
coordination…coordination… ARE TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURER ISSUES !!ARE TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURER ISSUES !!
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL SELF - PROTECTEDSELF - PROTECTED
BLACK BOX
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
This causes...This causes...
• Simplification of the transformers installationSimplification of the transformers installation
• Less warranty discussions between Utility and Less warranty discussions between Utility and transformer manufacturertransformer manufacturer
• Longer warranty termsLonger warranty terms
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 3# 3IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
HV Fuse should be HV Fuse should be internally connectedinternally connected
• THIS TO AVOID:THIS TO AVOID:
• Fuse rating changedFuse rating changed
• Dangerous operation Dangerous operation of damaged unitsof damaged units
• Miss-coordination of Miss-coordination of the transformer the transformer protecting devicesprotecting devices
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
This arises a question...This arises a question...
IS IT NEEDED TO IS IT NEEDED TO INSTALL THE INSTALL THE FUSED CUT-OUT FUSED CUT-OUT
WITH EVERY WITH EVERY TRANSFORMERTRANSFORMER
??
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Some responses from self-Some responses from self-protecting principles to this protecting principles to this
question are:question are:The load-break operation is made in LV side by operating The load-break operation is made in LV side by operating the breaker operating handle (this is a safer operation)the breaker operating handle (this is a safer operation)
Fuse has one main and one secondary function: Fuse has one main and one secondary function: • MAIN FUNCTION of the fuse is to act like an over-MAIN FUNCTION of the fuse is to act like an over-current protection by isolating a failed transformer current protection by isolating a failed transformer from the system.from the system.• SECONDARY FUNCTION is to act like a back-up SECONDARY FUNCTION is to act like a back-up protectionprotectionTo eliminate the use of fused Cut-out with every To eliminate the use of fused Cut-out with every
transformer it is important to have well trained people to transformer it is important to have well trained people to handle with energized lineshandle with energized linesIt is strongly recommended to use Wildlife Guards in those It is strongly recommended to use Wildlife Guards in those case fused Cut-out is not usedcase fused Cut-out is not used
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Cut-outs continue to be an Cut-outs continue to be an essential part of the distribution essential part of the distribution circuits for circuit maintenance circuits for circuit maintenance
proposals...proposals...
SPECIALLY AT THE SPECIALLY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE BEGINNING OF THE CIRCUIT BRANCHESCIRCUIT BRANCHES
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 4# 4IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Signal Light is an essential Signal Light is an essential part of one integral self-part of one integral self-
protecting policy to get an protecting policy to get an effective load managementeffective load management
• OFFOFF
• SHOWS A NORMAL LOAD SHOWS A NORMAL LOAD OR CIRCUIT SITUATIONOR CIRCUIT SITUATION
• ONON
• SHOWS AN ABNORMAL SHOWS AN ABNORMAL LOAD OR CIRCUIT LOAD OR CIRCUIT
SITUATIONSITUATION
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
The signal light is an essential The signal light is an essential part of an integral self-part of an integral self-
protection policyprotection policyIt’s an easy and economical way to detect any thermal abnormal operating condition without the need of costly measuring and monitoring methods
It operates like a PREVENTIVE ALARM without customer disconnection
It can be factory calibrated to meet the actual load curve requirements and the desired trip conditions
It’s a very effective way to detect energy robbery
If attended, it’s a very effective way to reduce non-planned loadbreaks
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 5# 5IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Arresters are to be Arresters are to be installed at the installed at the
transformer’s tank transformer’s tank
IN CONVENTIONAL IN CONVENTIONAL TRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMERS CUT-OUT FUSES CUT-OUT FUSES
WOULD BE WOULD BE INSTALLED UP-INSTALLED UP-
STREAMSTREAM
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Arresters arranged far from transformer Arresters arranged far from transformer tank makes the transformer not right tank makes the transformer not right
protectedprotected
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 6# 6IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Transformer Load Management Transformer Load Management (TLM)(TLM)
in servicein service is to be made is to be madeAny overload, at peak hours, above the maximum allowed is to be detected and alarm is to be given
by the transformer itself
Any transformer giving reiterative alarm information is to be changed for a larger
capacity unit. Before that, a load analysis is to be made
According to above change policy a SELECTIVE transformers load analysis in the system is made.
Signal light acts like a sample selector.
Overload capacity of the transformers is to be actually used
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE
# 7# 7IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Assets Management of the Assets Management of the transformerstransformers
in servicein service is to be made is to be madeLIKE ANY OTHER ASSET, LIKE ANY OTHER ASSET,
TRANSFORMER’S LIFE AT THE TRANSFORMER’S LIFE AT THE INSTALLATION PLACE IS TO BE INSTALLATION PLACE IS TO BE PLANNED ACCORDING TO THE PLANNED ACCORDING TO THE LOAD AND TO A REPLACEMENT LOAD AND TO A REPLACEMENT
POLICYPOLICY
AN AN INVENTORY INVENTORY ROTATION ROTATION
POLICY POLICY SHOULD BE SHOULD BE DEFINED !DEFINED !
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
THE SELF - PROTECTION THE SELF - PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
OTHER OTHER PRINCIPLES & PRINCIPLES & FINAL ISSUESFINAL ISSUES
IMPORTANT NOTE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE PRINCIPLES MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UTILITY
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
UNBALANCED LOADSUNBALANCED LOADS
UNBALANCED LOADS IN 3F BREAKERS CAN UNBALANCED LOADS IN 3F BREAKERS CAN CAUSE PREMATURE SIGNAL LIGHT OR BREAKER CAUSE PREMATURE SIGNAL LIGHT OR BREAKER
TRIP.TRIP.FOR THIS REASON OUR PRINCIPLE # 6 CALLS TO FOR THIS REASON OUR PRINCIPLE # 6 CALLS TO
MAKE A LOAD ANALYSIS IN EACH CIRCUIT MAKE A LOAD ANALYSIS IN EACH CIRCUIT CAUSING SIGNAL LIGHT OR BREAKER TRIP.CAUSING SIGNAL LIGHT OR BREAKER TRIP.
AGAIN SELF PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY AGAIN SELF PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY APPLICATION ACTS LIKE PREVENTIVE WAY TO APPLICATION ACTS LIKE PREVENTIVE WAY TO DETECT SYSTEM PROBLEMS WITHOUT HIGH DETECT SYSTEM PROBLEMS WITHOUT HIGH
COSTS INTERRUPTIONS.COSTS INTERRUPTIONS.
UNBALANCED LOADS ARE EASILY DETECTED IN A UNBALANCED LOADS ARE EASILY DETECTED IN A 3F BANK OF 1F SELF PROTECTED UNITS.3F BANK OF 1F SELF PROTECTED UNITS.
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Making an economical evaluation Making an economical evaluation of a conventional transformers of a conventional transformers
project vs. self-protected project project vs. self-protected project TRANSFORMER SIZES COMPARED ARE TRANSFORMER SIZES COMPARED ARE
DIFFERENT !!DIFFERENT !!
SELF - PROTECTEDSELF - PROTECTEDCONVENTIONALCONVENTIONALkVA RATING = X kVA RATING = X/2kVA RATING = X/2
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Introducing Self Protecting Introducing Self Protecting Philosophy can help to simplify Philosophy can help to simplify
and to reduce costs of Distribution and to reduce costs of Distribution CircuitsCircuits
• No use of cross No use of cross arms for arrestersarms for arresters
• No use of cross No use of cross arms for Cut-outsarms for Cut-outs
• Use of line spacers Use of line spacers & wildlife guards& wildlife guards
• No LV fuse holdersNo LV fuse holders
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
LOAD HARMONICSLOAD HARMONICS
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
LOAD HARMONICS CAUSING OVER HEATING INSIDE THE LOAD HARMONICS CAUSING OVER HEATING INSIDE THE TRANSFORMERS WILL ALSO CAUSE OVER HEATING OF TRANSFORMERS WILL ALSO CAUSE OVER HEATING OF
THE BREAKER’S BIMETALIC, TRIPPING IT.THE BREAKER’S BIMETALIC, TRIPPING IT.
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Breaker LossesBreaker Losses
72.7%
24.9%
2.4%
LOAD LOSSESNO LOAD LOSSESBREAKER LOSSES
ANY COST ANALYSIS OF THE BREAKER LOSSES BASED ANY COST ANALYSIS OF THE BREAKER LOSSES BASED ON THE ACTUAL LOAD CURVE WILL SHOW THAT IT IS ON THE ACTUAL LOAD CURVE WILL SHOW THAT IT IS
TOO LOW PER YEAR MAKING THE LOW VOLTAGE TOO LOW PER YEAR MAKING THE LOW VOLTAGE BREAKER THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND FLEXIBLE BREAKER THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND FLEXIBLE
ALTERNATIVE TO PROTECT THE TRANSFORMERALTERNATIVE TO PROTECT THE TRANSFORMER
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Light & Breaker trip Light & Breaker trip temperatures can be selected temperatures can be selected
based on the kWh demand based on the kWh demand curvecurve
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
kWhDEMANDLIGHTTRIPBREAKERTRIP
LOAD CURVELOAD CURVE
kWh DEMAND CURVEkWh DEMAND CURVE
TEMPERATURE PROFILTEMPERATURE PROFIL
TRIP TEMPERATURES TRIP TEMPERATURES DETERMINATIONDETERMINATION
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
SELF PROTECTION APPLICATION COVERS SELF PROTECTION APPLICATION COVERS SMALL DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS (UP TO SMALL DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS (UP TO
500kVA) THAT NORMALLY DON’T USE 500kVA) THAT NORMALLY DON’T USE THERMOMETERS OR LIQUID LEVEL GAUGESTHERMOMETERS OR LIQUID LEVEL GAUGES
BREAKER’S BIMETALIC ACTS LIKE A TEMPERATURE BREAKER’S BIMETALIC ACTS LIKE A TEMPERATURE DETECTOR WITH ALARM & TRIP FEATURES WHEN DETECTOR WITH ALARM & TRIP FEATURES WHEN
INTERNAL TRANSFORMER’S TEMPERATURES REACH INTERNAL TRANSFORMER’S TEMPERATURES REACH DANGEROUS PREDETERMINED LEVELSDANGEROUS PREDETERMINED LEVELS
BREAKER’S BIMETALIC ACTS ALSO LIKE A LOW OIL BREAKER’S BIMETALIC ACTS ALSO LIKE A LOW OIL LEVEL DETECTOR WITH ALARM & TRIP FEATURES WHEN LEVEL DETECTOR WITH ALARM & TRIP FEATURES WHEN INTERNAL OIL REACHES LEVELS WHERE THE BIMETAL INTERNAL OIL REACHES LEVELS WHERE THE BIMETAL
GET NOT OIL IMMERSEDGET NOT OIL IMMERSED
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Expected life of the Expected life of the transformer oiltransformer oil
DUE TO THE OPERATING TEMPERATURE DUE TO THE OPERATING TEMPERATURE CONTROL, SELF-PROTECTED TRANSFORMERS CONTROL, SELF-PROTECTED TRANSFORMERS MAKE OIL LIFE LONGER THAN CONVENTIONALMAKE OIL LIFE LONGER THAN CONVENTIONAL
POSSIBLE OIL DETERIORATION CAUSED BY POSSIBLE OIL DETERIORATION CAUSED BY UNDER-OIL ARCING IS FAR COMPENSATED BY THE UNDER-OIL ARCING IS FAR COMPENSATED BY THE LOW OIL OPERATING TEMPERATURE DURING THE LOW OIL OPERATING TEMPERATURE DURING THE
LIFE OF SELF-PROTECTED TRANSFORMERSLIFE OF SELF-PROTECTED TRANSFORMERS
NUMBER OF BREAKER OPERATIONS DURING NUMBER OF BREAKER OPERATIONS DURING TRANSFORMER’S LIFE IS MINIMIZED BY MAKING TRANSFORMER’S LIFE IS MINIMIZED BY MAKING
A RIGHT USE OF THE SIGNAL LIGHTA RIGHT USE OF THE SIGNAL LIGHT
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
Customized thermal Customized thermal protection based on heat protection based on heat
run testrun test
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1601 6 11
16
21
HSTEMPERATLIGHTTRIPBREAKERTRIP
TEMPERATURE RANGE TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR TRIP CALIBRATION FOR TRIP CALIBRATION
SIGNAL LIGHT SIGNAL LIGHT BREAKER BREAKER
OTHER PROTECTING OTHER PROTECTING DEVICES LIKE FUSES OR DEVICES LIKE FUSES OR COOPER MAGNEX ARE COOPER MAGNEX ARE
NOT SO FLEXIBLENOT SO FLEXIBLE
THERE IS A THERE IS A DIFFERENT DIFFERENT
CALIBRATION CALIBRATION AVAILABLE EVEN AVAILABLE EVEN
FOR THE SAME kVA FOR THE SAME kVA RATINGRATING
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SECONDARY COMPARISON BETWEEN SECONDARY BREAKERBREAKER
VSVSPRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTERPRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTER
SPECIFICATION SECONDARY BREAKER
PRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTER
PRICE X 2*X
SIGNAL LIGHT AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE
PROTECTION SELECTIVITY
CLEARLY DEFINED BETWEEN HV FUSE (TRAFO FAILURE) &
LV BREAKER
BOTH PROTECTING DEVICES MIGHT ACT BY A TRAFO
FAILURE PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS
FLEXIBLE ACCORDING TO HEAT RUN TEST
ONLY ONE SETTING PER kVA
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SECONDARY COMPARISON BETWEEN SECONDARY BREAKERBREAKER
VSVSPRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTERPRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTER
…CONTINUED...…CONTINUED...
SPECIFICATION SECONDARY BREAKER
PRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTER
PRODUCT COVERAGE
SINGLE AND THREE PHASE
TRANSFORMERS
SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
CUT OUT
CAN BE
ELIMINATED
CAN’T BE ELIMINATED DUE
TO LOW INTERRUPTING
RATING LOSSES HIGHER BUT
MINIMUM LOWER
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SECONDARY COMPARISON BETWEEN SECONDARY BREAKERBREAKER
VSVSPRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTERPRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTER
…CONTINUED…CONTINUED
SPECIFICATION SECONDARY BREAKER
PRIMARY MAGNEX INTERRUPTER
EVENTUAL OPERATION IN 3F SYSTEMS
3 POLES OPERATION (NO 1
OR 2 PHASES OPERATION)
1 POLE OPERATION (ALLOWS 1 OR 2
PHASES OPERATION)
EVENTUAL OPERATION IN 3F SYSTEMS
ONE SINGLE PIECE
THREE UNITS &
THREE HANDLES OPERATION IN 1F SYSTEMS PHASE TO PHASE
ONE SINGLE PIECE
2 BIMETALS
2 PIECES ARE
NEEDED
HJ International Latin America, Inc.
SUMMARYSUMMARY
• We have seen during this presentation:We have seen during this presentation:
• Over capacity problem of the Distribution Systems & causesOver capacity problem of the Distribution Systems & causes
• Our proposal of solution Our proposal of solution
• Effect of the over capacity & its solution on losses and failuresEffect of the over capacity & its solution on losses and failures
• What is and how works the self protected transformers What is and how works the self protected transformers conceptconcept
• Principles of Self Protection philosophy & performance of a Principles of Self Protection philosophy & performance of a self protected unit in the distribution circuitsself protected unit in the distribution circuits
• How to begin a change process to successfully introduce the How to begin a change process to successfully introduce the Self Protection philosophy without mistakesSelf Protection philosophy without mistakes