The Rise of a DictatorPART 1

Look carefully at each of these pictures. Come up with 5 adjectives to describe the man in all of these pictures.

Treaty which ended WWIGermany was not allowed to participate in the negotiations. All terms were decided by the Allies, mainly USA, France & EnglandFrance, in particular, wanted to punish Germany. REASONS?

Where did most of the fighting take place?What impact would trench warfare have on that land?What would be the implications for non-soldiers in that region?

WAR GUILTGermany was entirely to blame for causing WWILOSS OF TERRITORYGermany lost all its overseas coloniesGermany lost 13% of its land = about 6 million people= 10% of its industry= 15% of its agricultural landREPARATIONSGermany was required to pay for the damages caused by the war...connection to other clause?MILITARY RESTRICTIONSAir Force abolishedArmy limited to 100 000 soldiersNavy limited to 15 000 sailors, 6 battleships, no submarinesRhineland (border region between Germany and France) to be occupied by Allies for 15 years --- no German troops allowedHow do you think the average German citizen reacted to these terms? Write down your response.

On a smaller scale to what the world is experiencing today, October 1929 was considered the beginning of the GREAT depression where banks, businesses and people went bankrupt. The USA was faced with a major economic crisis.USA had loaned the defeated Germany money to pay reparations and to rebuildLoans disappear

IMPACT ON GERMANY

Great Depression in NumbersMassive Inflation10 000 banks stopped operating20 000 businesses bankrupt in 1932Unemployed rose from 1.5 million to 12.8 millionFarm income and farmers wages fell by 50%

The worthless German Deutschmarks were used as cooking fuel, wallpaper, and even kites. People often resorted to bartering

Why do you think Hitler and the Nazis gained popularity during this time of difficulty for Germany?

Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, a city in northern Austria near the border with Germany on April 20, 1889 His father, Alois Hitler, was a customs official and his mother, Klara Polzl had six childrenOnly Adolf and his younger sister Paula reached adulthood

Hitler had a very troubled childhood. His father often beat him and his motherHe developed a deep emotional attachment to his mother and resented his father Hitler did well in elementary school, but never finished high school His father died when Adolf was 13 and his mother died 4 years later

Hilter desired to be an artist, but was twice rejected by the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna they suggested his talents lied in the field of architectureBy 1909 he was living in a homeless shelter and later in a home for poor working men in Vienna

From his youth, Hitler was a fierce German nationalist. He often questioned why German Austrians did not support Germany in past conflictsIn Vienna he is influenced by ideas and peoples which cement some of his anti-Jewish sentiments A quote from Mein Kampf illustrates this

There were very few Jews in LinzOnce, when passing through the inner City, I suddenly encountered a phenomenon in a long caftan and wearing black side-locks. My first thought was: Is this a Jew? They certainly did not have this appearance in Linz. I carefully watched the man stealthily and cautiously but the longer I gazed at the strange countenance and examined it feature by feature, the more the question shaped itself in my brain: Is this a German?

Hitler, although not a German citizen, enlists in the German armyHe was a runner, the most dangerous job on the Western FrontHe was twice decorated for bravery and was awarded the Iron CrossBeing the ardent German patriot he was, Hitler was shocked by Germanys surrender in November 1918

A young Hitler (left) posing with other German soldiers

1919: Hitler joined German Workers Party1920: Hitler was put in charge of propaganda Changed party name to NAZI - Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party)1921: Took over leadership of the partyIntroduced the Swastika as the NAZI symbol

November 9, 1923SA marched through Munich to overthrow the government

Unsuccessful

Hitler was sent to jail for 8 monthsDuring that time, he wrote Mein Kampf

Means My Struggle or My BattleBasically the story of Hitlers lifeAddresses his political goals for GermanyFocus on upholding the Aryan master raceWas a bestseller and increases his popularity

Nazis gained increasing support by using the following to their advantage:PropagandaPosters & pamphletsNazi-owned newspapersMass ralliesRadio

The SA (the Nazis personal army)Would violently attack rival politicians/break up meetingsAttracted many unemployed to join their ranksHitler himself Built himself up as a supermanSpoke very well and very convincinglyNazi ProgrammeBlamed Jews for Germanys problems gave Germans someone to blame for their problemsOffered possibility of a powerful GermanyPromised work to the unemployedPromised potential profits to business ownersWere extremely organised with skilled leaders in most areas

http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/ASLevel_History/25pointnsdapprogramme.htmPromoted the re-unification of the German people;Promised better living conditions;Denied Jews the right to citizenship of Germany.

aka the Brownshirts because their uniform was brownNAZIs own political armyMade up of men who were also unhappy with the outcome of the Treaty of VersaillesGoal was to discourage other political groups from meeting usually done violently

SA expanded to reach into other parts of Germany1926 creation of the SS (Schutzstaffel)/Secret Police

Creation of the Hitler Youth & German Girls League

Formation of the Nazi Student League, Teachers League, Womens League, Physicians League

Presidentneeded to be electedChancellor Reichstagchosen by presidentelected Parliament

The President could veto any law. It was usually the leader of the most powerful political party who was appointed as ChancellorShould the president die or resign, the Chancellor would take over until the election of the next president.

Considered a national emergency.Hindenburg wanted to pass certain laws to help combat the G.D.If he didnt get the support of the Reichstag, he would pass the law anyway and hold new elections to get a supportive Reichstag.Reichstag blocked policies = 1930 election

A lot of what the NAZI party stood (25 Point Programme) became much more appealing during the Great Depression.Solutions seemed to be offered for the unemployed, the farmers, the middle class, & the young, directionless youthOffered a reason for all the problems Germany was facing: the JEWS!

Hindenburg up for re-electionHitler runs as Hindenburgs opponentHitler loses.HOWEVERHindenburg still not happy with the Parliament and calls another election

JULYNAZIs get the most seats with over 13 million votes.Hitler demands the Chancellorship as the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Reichstag.The sitting Chancellor refused and asked Hindenburg to call another election.NOVEMBERNAZIs still win but with only 196 seats

Hindenburg wanted to be able to control Hitler and the NAZIs.Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January.By February, he called new elections.

Communists are accused of starting fireEmergency law: no more freedom of speech or freedom of assembly; police have powers to search houses, confiscate property and detain people without trialConcentration camp used to send opposing political party members, anti-Nazis, undesirables.Hitler could pass laws without consent of Parliament (Reichstag) essentially already a dictator.Hitler saw Rohm as a threat to his power.Oath of unconditional obedience to Hitler directly, not to Germany gives Hitler absolute control over armyHindenburgs death = Hitler has supreme power in Germany

Companion guided notes for entire PowerPoint***********************************