Hitachi Ltd.

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Hitachi Requirements for Future RAN Evolution

3GPP2Air Interface Evolution(AIE) Technical Experts Meeting(TEM)

10-11 March 2005, Denver, USA

Hitachi, Ltd.

©2005 Hitachi, Ltd. All rights reserved.Hitachi grants a free, irrevocable license to 3GPP2 and its Organizational Partners to incorporate text or other copyrightable material contained in the contribution and any modifications thereof in the creation of 3GPP2 publications; to copyright and sell in Organizational Partner's name any Organizational Partner's standards publication even though it may include all or portions of this contribution; and at the Organizational Partner's sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part such contribution or the resulting Organizational Partner's standards publication. The contributors are also willing to grant licenses under such contributor copyrights to third parties on reasonable, non-discriminatory terms and conditions for purpose of practicing an Organizational Partner’s standard which incorporates this contribution.This document has been prepared by Hitachi to assist the development of specifications by 3GPP2. It is proposed to the Committee as a basis for discussion and is not to be construed as a binding proposal on the contributors. The contributors specifically reserve the right to amend or modify the material contained herein and to any intellectual property of the contributors other than provided in the copyright statement above.

Hitachi Ltd.

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Hitachi Requirements forFuture RAN Evolution

3GPP2Air Interface Evolution(AIE) Technical Experts Meeting(TEM)

10-11 March 2005, Denver, USA

Hitachi, Ltd.

Hitachi Ltd.

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Background Trend of fixed and mobile broadband

Transmission Rate (bit/s)

Home

Office(W-LAN)

Metropolitan(W-MAN)

Mobile(W-WAN)

ISDN64k

10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

ADSL1.5M-50M

FTTH100M

Modem14.4k

802.111M

11b11M

11a/g54M

11n>100M

802.16e15M

802.16(NLOS) 1M-75M

802.16(LOS)32M-134M

IS-95a14.4k

1x144k

EVDO3.1M

Fixed MobileConvergence

Convergence with fixed and mobile

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Future System Concept

Overlay with other network systems

Higher peak rateHigher spectral efficiency

E-WLANE-WMAN

E-EVDOE-EVDO

Lower latencyBackward compatibility

Base system = Enhanced-EVDO Other network systems are overlaid with E-EVDO Seamless handover and interoperability between these systems

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What to Challenge

Higher peak rate

Lower latency

Overlay with other network systems

Backward compatibility with 1xEVDO

Higher spectral efficiency

Hitachi Ltd.

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Needs of Higher Peak Rate

Support rich contents services

XoIP (Anything on IP)

Audio

Type Required RateVoice 64kb/s

CD (no compression) 1.4Mb/s

VideoMPEG-1 1.5Mb/sMPEG-2 4-9Mb/s

NTSC (no compression) 200Mb/s

High fidelity music/video download service Digital TV broadcasting Click & Talk service

Hitachi Ltd.

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Requirements for Higher Peak Rate Forward link: Reverse link:

Transmission Rate (bit/s)

Home, Office(WLAN)

Metropolitan(WMAN)

Mobile(WWAN)

10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

11b11M

11n140M

802.16e -20M

EVDO3.1M

E-EVDO5M-100M

HSDPA14.4MW-CDMA

384k

802.20 -18M

RequirementsHSUPA*

>5MSuper3G

TBD

EVDO1.8M

E-EVDO3M-50M

IS-95a14.4k

PDC/GSM9.6k

1x144k

Super3G**

30-100M

* HSUPA standardization is worked in progress** Super3G is proposed by NTT DoCoMo in Japan

FL

RL

FL

RL

5M-100Mb/s3M- 50Mb/s

11a/g54M

1.25MHz

5MHz

802.111M

Hitachi Ltd.

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Higher Spectral Efficiency Needs of higher spectral efficiency

Cheaper cost/user Limited frequency resource

Requirements Spectral efficiency > 4 [bit/s/Hz]

WWAN WMAN WLAN

802.11n

802.16e

802.20RL

HSDPA

Super3G FL

HSUPA

Super3G RLEVDO

FLEVDORL

Spect

ral Effi

ciency

1

2

3

4

5

Capacity (Signal/Interference)

+MIMO, SDMA, etc.

Requirements

6

E-EVDO

802.20FL

Hitachi Ltd.

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Needs of Lower Latency Relation between application and latency

Quotation from 3GPP TS 22.105 3.10.0

EasyDifficult

In cdma1x, mouth-to-ear delay = 270ms (measured) In interactive games, target one-way delay = 10ms*

More effort for comfortable communication

ex. 150ms

ex. 10ms

*Quotation from 4G mobile system requirements (mITF)

Hitachi Ltd.

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ITU-T Recommendation G.114 G.114 provides guidance on the effect of Mouth-to-Ear delay (in conversational voice case)

Quotation from ITU-T Recommendation G.114

150ms

Hitachi Ltd.

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Detail of Latency (1) -conversational voice-

Vocoder

50ms

Vocoder

IP Networ

k

modem

dejitter modem

RL Delay

FL Delay

CS-ACELP

VSELP

RCELP

ADPCM

Type

8kb/s

6.7kb/s

8kb/s

16kb/s

Rate

PCM 64kb/s

10ms

20ms

10ms

0.125ms

Frame

0.125ms

35ms

65ms

70ms

0.375ms

Delay

0.375ms

(A)+(B)+(C)+(D)+(E)+(F)+(G)+(H) < 150ms Need to shorten FL/RL delay

(A) (B) (C)

(D)

(E)

(F)(G)(H)

Hitachi Ltd.

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Detail of Latency (2) –interactive games-

IP Networ

k

modem

modem

RL Delay

FL Delay

(A)+(B)+(C)+(D’) +(E)+(F)+(G)+(H) < 10ms (A)+(B)+(C)+(D’’)+(E)+(F)+(G)+(H) < 10ms

(B) (C)

(D’)

(E)

(F)

(D’’)

Vocoder

Vocoder dejitter

(A)

(G)(H)

QoS control in cooperationwith wired network

Hitachi Ltd.

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Requirements for Lower Latency Voice service

Mouth-to-Ear-Delay < 150ms FL/RL Delay < 30ms

Speech frame size ≦ 10ms

End-to-End lower latency control (not only air-interface)

Other real-time service

Hitachi Ltd.

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Needs of Overlay with Other Systems Reasonable solution to satisfy mobile broadband anywhere

Transmission Rate (bit/s)

Home

Office

Metropolitan

Mobile

10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

Advantage ofservice area andhigh throughput

802.11n

802.16e

EVDO

Advantage of high throughputAdvantage of service area

Hitachi Ltd.

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When Overlaid with Other Systems... Seamless conversation anywhere

Resource management/Cost management

Voice over WLAN Voice over WMAN Voice over WWAN (Cellular)

E-EVDO E-WLAN

IP Network

?

Service Provider

End-User

Which is cheaper?Which is crowded?Which to connect?...

Which is cheaper?Which is faster?Which supports mobility?...

System selecting for better service

Hitachi Ltd.

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Developing Standards IEEE802.21

IEEE 802.21 is developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network types including both 802 and non 802 networks. Work in progress Planning to make Liaison for 3GPP (SA2) Planning to make Liaison for 3GPP2 (TSG-S/TSG-X)

E-WLANE-WMAN

E-EVDOE-EVDO

Hitachi Ltd.

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Load Balance How to know which link to choose

Probe

Route#1

#2

End-to-End Probe(ex.”ping”command)to measure delay and bandwidth, etc.Source

Route#1

#2

To use radio bandwidth efficiently,ANs/APs (Access Point) announce theirinformation(ex. connecting number, etc.)

Source

ANE-EVDO

APE-WLAN

Wired network

Wireless network Narrower than wired network Inefficient to transmit Probe on wireless network

Wireless

Wireless

Destination

Destination(Mobile Terminal)

Hitachi Ltd.

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Requirements for Overlay Requirements

Seamless connection procedure Smart system selection with load balance

Cooperation with IEEE802.21

Recommendation

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Needs of Backward Compatibility Smooth migration to future system

Migration Scenario

1xEVDO Rev.0 launched in 2003 1xEVDO Rev.A launch in 2006 Need to backward compatibility with Rev.A in 2010s Need to take account of legacy user (terminal)

Hitachi Ltd.

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Deeper droppingpossibility1.25MHz

5MHz

1.25MHz

5MHz

The best quality user can be selected by multi-user diversity

Less quality difference deny multi-user diversity advantage

user1

user2

Multi-user diversity is effective for increasing system capacity

Bandwidth Discussion

Lower dropping possibility because of wideband averaging.(Frequency diversity)

Historical (1user)

Contemporary (Multi-user)

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5Frequency [MHz]

Rece

ived P

ow

er

[dB

]

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5Frequency [MHz]

Rece

ived P

ow

er

[dB

]

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5Frequency [MHz]

Rece

ived P

ow

er

[dB

]

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5Frequency [MHz]

Rece

ived P

ow

er

[dB

]

Hitachi Ltd.

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Requirements for Compatibility

Requirements Scalable to 1.25MHz bandwidth up to 20MHz Possibility of narrower channel bandwidth than 1.25MHz

EVDO use legacy1.25MHz bandwidth

Frequency Frequency

Enhanced-EVDO use1.25xN MHz bandwidth

System comparison

Bandwidth (MHz) 1.25 5 5(1.25-20)

5 205-10

EVDORev.A

HSDPA 802.16e 802.20 802.11nSuper3G*

Hitachi Ltd.

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Summary

Requirements Higher peak rate FL peak rate : 5-100Mb/s RL peak rate : 3- 50Mb/s

Lower latency FL/RL delay w/o codec < 30ms (Conversational Voice) End-to-End QoS control required (Interactive Gaming)

Overlay with other network systems Smart system selection with load balance

Backward compatibility with 1xEVDO Scalable to 1.25MHz up to 20MHz

Future system concept Anything on IP Mobile broadband anywhere

Higher spectral efficiency Frequency efficiency > 4 bit/s/Hz