History of Urban Settlements_ Lecture_01

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History of Urban Settlements

Lecture 1: Introduction tonsettle

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Lawrence Ogunsanya

[email protected]

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Definition: Urban Settlements

Urban Settlement :

a geographical area constituting a city or town An urban settlement is an area that is more densely

populated than surrounding areas

An urban settlement is characterized b hi hernsettle

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population density and vast human features incomparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas maybe cities, towns or metropolitans

Urban settlements feature an abundance of man-

made structures as opposed to rural areas, whichcontain more open space.H

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Origins of urban settlements:

Around 10,000 years ago the Neolithic humans began

to stop living nomadic lifestyles and began to establishpermanent settlements

In order for these settlements to grow they needed:

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Advances in technology

Social organization

Population growth

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Origins of urban settlements:

A favourable physical environment. The river valleys provided:fresh water (drinking, cooking, washing, irrigation). Fertile alluvial

soils for farming, food supply and a mode of transport for trade

Advances in technology. Overtime the development oftechnology meant that humans were able to go from small scale

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Over time advances were made and other industries began toestablish themselves e.g. leather, cloth and mining.

Social Organisation. Rules and laws were important in earlyurban settlements. They provided peace, security and order.

Population Growth. At the most around 10 million people lived inthese early Neolithic settlements. By 1650 AD it had reachedabout 500 million

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Urban settlements are formed or developed

through the following reasons: Physical environment

Reli ious

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Formation of urban settlements:

Cultural

Political/Military

EconomicHisto

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Physical environment river , fertile ground

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Maliseet village , South America

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Ancient Egypt and the river nile

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Religious - churches, temples, graves

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Vatican: Rome Mount temple: JerusalemHisto

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Cultural Heritage sites, ancient civilisations

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Athens , Greece Ile Ife, Nigeria

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Political/Military King or leaders house, defensive walls

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Forbidden city, Beijing

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Economic Cities or ports of trade and economic activities

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Antioch, Turkey

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Ancient urban settlements

Prior to modern times most settlements were initially rural thengrew into urban areas.

First Urban Settlement recorded, Mesopotamia (Iraq)

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Other Early Cities: Mycenae, Troy, & Isle of Crete in Greece wereSettlements along the worlds great rivers

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Athens - first city over 100,000 by the 5th century BC over300,000

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Rome - center of a world empire in 200 BC-400 AD

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Medieval Europe - after the fall of Rome, urbanization decrease

patterns of castles, walls & narrow street

compact space surrounded by walls

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Renaissance-Baroque Cities

Renaissance 15-16th centuries, Baroque 16-18th centuries

Development of wide avenues & monuments

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Industrial City

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Urban structure Models Urban structure models are used to help explain where different

types of people tend to live in urban areas and the use of land.

There are 3 types: Concentric, sector and nuclei models

Concentric Zone Model

Conceived by E.W. Burgess (1923)

City grows outward from a central area in a series of concentricrings

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Precise size and width of rings vary, but basic types of ringsappear in all cities in the same orders

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Urban structure Models

Sector Model

Developed by Homer Hoyt (1939)

City develops in sectors, not rings

As cities grow, they do so outward in a wedge from the center

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Multiple Nuclei Model Conceived by C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman (1945) Cities are complex structures which has more than one center

around which activities revolve Some activities are attracted to certain nodes while others try to

avoid them Incompatible land-use activities avoid locating in the same area

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Durban

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Questionsnsettle

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