History of Social Casework
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Transcript of History of Social Casework
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By Asst. Prof. Jinu
Abraham
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Early Beginnings 1843, Association for Improving the Condition
of the Poor – formed in America Aims:
* visit poor at homes* give counsel* assist poor in obtaining employment* instill feelings of self-respect and self-reliance* inculcate habits of economy * when absolutely necessary provide relief
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Exploratory & Disciplinary Stage 1877, American Charity Organization
Society – established in America Aim: Find out ways and means of
helping the poor and needy – i.e. to organize individualized service
Volunteers called ‘Friendly Visitors’ Activities: Assessment of Needs, Central
Registration, Recording, Relief Giving
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Contd…
1898, Professional School of Social Work – established in New York
Indicator of:
* large body of knowledge and skills
* need felt for better trained professionals
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Contd… 1914-1917, Term “work with case” used for
the first time in a national conference in USA
First training programme in the form of summer training for Casework held - based on a medical model
Impact: Need for substantial training identified and schools of social work attached to the agencies come into existence
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Contd…
1917, First book of Casework, “Social Diagnosis” published by Mary Richmond
Miss Richmond and Francis McLean, offer specialized service to clients and bring out ‘Social Casework Journal’ of Family Service Association
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Psycho-social Stage First World War, Medical and Psychiatric
social workers become popular Psychoanalytical theory by Freud gains
momentum 1925, Milford Conference – Casework
conceived as developing the capacity of the client
Several schools of thought based on the theory of Sigmund Freud and Otto Rank developed
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Sociological Stage 1930, Economic Depression Casework realizes that economic factors can
cause emotional disaster and breakdown Extreme socio-economic need refocuses
attention on sociological and reality consideration
Outcome of Depression: Establishment of governmental public assistant programmes, like, emergency relief, work progress administration, public work administration and civilian conservation corporation
Relieves voluntary agencies from the task of providing economic help
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Integrated Stage
Second World War - increase in personal problems due to financial crises and emotional stress
Family Agencies (Private Pracise) – started to solve these problems
1960s, increased stress on research Past overemphasis on either
environment or personality give way to awareness of interdependence
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