History of Painting from Realism to Modernism

Invention of Photography is in 1830

• How does this change attitudes to realism?• How does photography as a medium affect

painting?

Early Photography

Josiah Johnson Hawes and Albert Sands Southworth

Early Operation under Ether, Massachusetts General Hospital

ca. 1847Daguerreotype

Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon)

Eugène Delacroix

1855gelatin-silver print

Timothy O’Sullivan

A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863

1863gelatin-silver print

Realism

• Flourished in France from 1840 – 1900• Sought to portray “real life” rather than the

idealized views of the wealthy• Based on direct observation of the modern

world• Also coincided with the theories of Karl Marx,

who sought equality for the working class

Gustave Courbet

The Stone Breakers

1849oil on canvas5 ft. 3 in. x 8 ft. 6 in.

Gustave Courbet

Burial at Ornans

1849oil on canvas10 ft. x 22 ft.

Édouard Manet

Olympia

1863oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.

Titian

Venus of Urbino

1538oil on canvas4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.

Academic Art

- So named because it flourished in the art academies of Europe- The most popular painting style for centuries- Highly polished and idealized

Adolphe-William Bouguereau

Nymphs and Satyr

1873oil on canvas8 ft. 6 in. high

Jean-Léon Gérôme

Police Verso

1872oil on canvas100.5 x 148.8 cm

Paul Peel,

After the Bath1890

Impressionism

In 1874, a group of artists called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris that launched the movement called Impressionism.

-Short quick brushstrokes; pure, unblended colours-Shadows often rendered in colour rather than black or grey-Use of “shocking” colours-Often depicted midlle-class activities, scenes of urban life, new forms of leisure-Also showed modernization of landscape (railways and factories)-Centred in Paris

Claude Monet

Impression: Sunrise

1872oil on canvas1 ft. 7 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 1 1/2 in.

Camille Pissarro

Snow Effect at Eragny, Road to Gisors

1885oil on canvas

33 x 41cm

Claude Monet

Saint-LazareTrain Station

1877oil on canvas2 ft. 5 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 5 in.

Gustave Caillebotte

Paris: A Rainy Day

1877oil on canvasapproximately 6 ft. 9 in. x 9 ft. 9 in.

Camille Pissarro

La Place du Théâtre Français

1898oil on canvas2 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 3 ft. 1/2 in.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Le Moulin de la Galette

1876oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 5 ft. 8 in.

Paul Gauguin

Martinique Landscape

1887oil on canvas

Édouard Manet

A Bar at the Folies-Bergère

1882oil on canvas3 ft. 1 in. x 4 ft. 3 in.

Edgar Degas

Ballet Rehearsal

1874oil on canvas1 ft. 11 in. x 2 ft. 9 in.

Edgar Degas

Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer

1879-81bronze, paint, tulle, satin, wood

Edgar Degas

L’absinthe

1876oil on canvas

36 1/4 x 26 3/4 in.

Berthe Morisot

Villa at the Seaside

1874oil on canvas1 ft. 7 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 1/8 in.

Claude Monet

Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun)

1894oil on canvas3 ft. 3 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 1 7/8 in.

Claude Monet

Rouen Cathedral: The Portal

1892-95oil on canvaseach approximately 3 ft. 3 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 1 7/8 in.

Edgar Degas

The Tub

1886pastel1 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 8 3/8 in.

Mary Cassatt

Little Girl in a Blue Armchair

1878oil on canvas35 x 51 in.

Mary Cassatt

The Bath

ca. 1892oil on canvas3 ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 2 in.

Post-Impressionism

Wanted to incorporate not only impressions of what they saw aroundthem, but also to develop a unique artistic language to express emotion

Often more abstracted than impressionist paintings

Most important artists are Vincent Van Gogh, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne

Independent artists who followed diverse and unique paths

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

At the Moulin Rouge

1892-1895oil in canvas4 ft. x 4 ft. 7 in.

Vincent van Gogh

The Night Café

1888oil on canvas2 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 3 ft.

Vincent van Gogh

Starry Night

1889oil on canvas2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 1/4 in.

Vincent van Gogh

Starry Night

1889oil on canvas2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 1/4 in.

Paul Gauguin

The Vision after the Sermon

1888oil on canvas2 ft. 4 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 1/2 in.

Paul Cézanne

The Basket of Apples

ca. 1895oil on canvas2 ft. 3/8 in. x 2 ft. 7 in.

Mount Sainte Victoire

Paul Cézanne

Mount Sainte Victoire

1885oil on canvas

Paul Cézanne

Mount Sainte Victoire

1897oil on canvas

Paul Cézanne

Mount Sainte-Victoire

1902-1904oil on canvas2 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 11 1/4 in.

Georges Seurat

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

1884-1886oil on canvas6 ft. 9 in. x 10 ft.

Georges Seurat

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

1884-1886oil on canvas6 ft. 9 in. x 10 ft.