California Missions Background ( 22 slides ) 21 Missions ( 22 slides )
History of missions lesson 14 faith and specialized missions 20th century
-
Upload
robert-patton -
Category
Spiritual
-
view
282 -
download
0
description
Transcript of History of missions lesson 14 faith and specialized missions 20th century
Missions History of Missions
Dr. Robert PattonMissionary to Suriname,
South America
Faith Missions
Began in 1865 (CIM) and many boards started over the next 40 years
Conservative evangelical Mostly Bible Institute or other
institutions provided most of the manpower
Initially they were Bible College graduates, later 4 year programs
Faith Missions
Focus on evangelism, but often using new technology
Radio, aviation, gospel recordings, etc often used
Faith Missions – C & MA A.B. Simpson = Christian and
Missionary Alliance. Born in 1843, baptized in Prince
Edwards Island by John Geddie. Influenced by death of John
Williams, and planned to be a missionary.
He was a great preacher, initially planned to go to missions, but took over Knox Church after attending Knox College, added 750 members quickly
A B Simpson
Faith Missions – C & MA Then he started serious soulwinning
at the Chestnut Street Church in Louisville, Ky., the largest church in Louisville
He had a vision of China, and wanted to go, but his wife did not, and they had 6 children.
He moved to NYC in 1879 to the 13th street Presbyterian Church. When he reached out to 100 Italians, the church suggested they find another church.
Faith Missions – C & MA Instead, he resigned and went
independent to reach the indigent lost. It was a difficult step of faith but the church grew and he built Gospel Tabernacle.
He began training and developed Nyack Missionary College
He emphasized Christ as savior, sanctifier, healer and coming King. Had great influence on Assembly of God and Four Square Gospel churches
Faith Missions – C & MA Started C & MA – 150 missionaries
in 15 countries. He wrote over 100 books and
composed many hymns Initially in Africa there were more
graves than living missionaries. 35 missionaries died in the Boxer Rebellion.
The C & MA has many more overseas than in the USA
Nyack College & Simpson
Fredrik Franson
Concerned about evangelizing the world and influenced by Hudson Taylor and A B. Simpson. He originally was trained by D.L. Moody, worked in Chicago area, then in Utah with Scandanavians there. He returned to Europe, and started several agencies for other countries.
Fredrick Franson
Fredrik Franson
Scandavian Alliance Mission later became TEAM. They have many missionaries in a variety of countries
He opened the door to women to work
Faith Missions – AIM Peter Scott & AIM - After turning away
from a career in opera, he went to A B Simpson’s school. Shortly after his arrival in Africa, he buried his own brother. He returned to the USA to recover from illness. He had a vision of starting works stretching from the east coast of Africa to Lake Chad. He returned with a group of 8 persons, later expanding to 15, and opened 4 stations beginning at Mombasa., came back, and 14 months after starting 4 works in Kenya, and was making progress on the language.
First group for AIM
Faith Missions – AIM
Peter Scott & AIM - After just 14 months in Kenya he died of blackwater fever. A few years later they were down to one missionary.
He was replaced by C. E. Hurlburt, who had headed the council sending the group, and was President of Philadelphia Bible College. He ended up moving to Africa with his 5 children, all who later joined AIM, and had the assistance of Theodore Roosevelt to get into Congo.
Faith Missions – AIM He established Rift Valley Academy with
3 mo school, 1 mo home... There was a real crisis with female
circumcision, later placed in the hands of the African church
After the MauMau rebellion, the churches were turned more and more over to the Africans.
CI Scofield and Central American Mission
CI Scofield and Central American Mission - Served in the civil war, trained afterwards as a lawyer, was an alcoholic, but converted, and became a Congregational pastor. He was divorced from his first wife and estranged from his daughters. He had been convicted of forgery and fraud, and had spent 6 months in jail.
He was saved – actually divorced after salvation, and became a pastor – eventually two large churches in Dallas and Moody’s old church
C. I Scofield
He was a Bible student, pastor 13 years long, and president of Philadelphia College of the Bible.A student of dispensationalism, he wrote his famous note on the Scofield Bible. Some claim that he wanted the RSV and conferred with Westcott & Hort before writing his notes
C. I. Scofield
CI Scofield and Central American Mission
He learned of the problems in Costa Rica, and formed CAM - and within 4 months had a man in the country - gradual steady growth till 25 missionaries in 5 countries;
now 300 missionaries in 6 countries.
Faith Missions - SIM Roland Bingham – born & saved in
England, came to Canada and joined the Salvation Army
SIM - started with Walter Gowans, Canadian Scot, recruited to go with him. Gowans & Kent (the third man) were dead, and Bingham had stayed back and was sick with malaria.
Faith Missions - SIM After 7 years, he went again with
his new wife. One missionary died, 2 returned, and Bingham was returned with malaria.
But finally on the third attempt, they had a few converts though only one of four missionaries remained.
Mrs. Gowan was a great prayer warrior.
Roland Bingham
Faith Missions - SIM They saw blatant satanism. They
worked with lepers, Dr. Thomas Lambie began working in
Ethiopia. Only 17 baptized believers were there and Italy was at war. The missionaries stayed on an additional two years despite danger, with 19 leaving with 7 children, and 48 believers left behind
Faith Missions - SIM During persecution between 1937
and 1941, whipping pastors 100 & 400 lashes, with three dying and most unable to lie on their backs for month, the church grew from 48 believers to 10,000 with 100 churches. The love shown by believers drew others to them.
They returned in 1948, but were kicked out by the Muslim government in 1964
Faith Missions - SIM
Marxist governments and Islam have killed at least 500,000 Christians – but 2500 churches and many Bible schools
There were some changes in the 1970's but still problems with a Marxist government in Ethiopia. There are still Christian schools and now 2500 churches in the area.
Jim Elliot – Operation Auca
Members of three boards – all young; Nate Saint had been in Ecuador 7 years, as the oldest.
They were aware of the tragedy in Bolivia by NTM a decade earlier when hostile indians killed 5 missionaries
They made contact in 1955 by plane, and landed 3 months later – knew little of the language
Operation Auca
The missionaries from 3 mission boards used a code language and did not inform their seniors
The missionaries made no use of Frank Drown, experienced missionary with the Javiro Indians
However God allowed and overruled for good – many were recruited
Jim Elliot All 5 missionaries were killed by the
Auca indians, but later Elizabeth Elliot and Rachel Saint lived among them and saw many get saved
It appears that the Auca are territorial, and view all foreigners as a threat which must be eliminated…
Many missionaries were recruited after their deaths
Jim Elliot and others
Eliza Davis-George – Liberia 1878-1980
Black lady from Texas finally allowed to go by the SBC. She had immediate success with 1000 professions and 50 boys in training within 2 years.
She married and worked together 20 years till the death of her husband though it was a difficult marriage
Mother Eliza Davis-George
Eliza Davis-George
She went independent and had support clubs in the USA, eventually saw the work continue to expand, and worked until 90 years old, and then turned it over to Liberian nationals She had 4 mission stations and founded the ENI (Eliza Inland Mission)
She started 8 schools and 27 churches, living to be over100 years old
Her ENI schools -
New Tribes Mission
Started in 1942 by Paul Fleming The stated goals are to reach the
lost with the gospel, focusing on those who do not have the gospel
There is an intensive 4 year training program including 2 years of Bible, followed by 2 years of linguistics, survival training, cultural anthropology
NTM tragedies
The first plane operated crashed with 15 deaths. A second plane crashed with 21 deaths
Once a forest fire killed 14 who were fighting the fire
New Tribes philosophy
Bible translation is done word for word
First persons learn the language and culture, and put the language into writing
The training uses the chronological method advocated by Trevor McIlwain
The goal is self-sustaining national churches
Joe Moreno and NTM Joe Moreno and NTM - told about the 5
missing men who were killed by the Ayore indians, but Moreno’s patient work had succeeded in making contact, and the word of the deaths came out some 6 years later.
NTM was accused (falsely, I believe) of working with the CIA and living in luxury and were thrown out of Venezuela by Hugo Chavez
C. T. Studd and WEC C T Studd - rich and athletic. His father
was wealthy, raced horses, but got saved and gave up racing; his children were saved as well.
After his death, and six years later, the near death of a brother, he went to DL Moody campaign, and was converted, with 6 others. He was England’s best cricket player.
He married and stayed nearly 10 years in China – gave away a sizeable inheritance to Mueller, Moody, and two other groups
CT Studd and the Cambridge Seven
C. T. Studd and WEC C T Studd – His family with 4 daughters
returned to England where he worked for 6 years very successfully recruiting student volunteers, followed by 6 years in India. But bad health forced his return again to England.
Age 50, he was sick but felt called to Africa. His wife Priscilla, also sick did not go. He went with an assistant for 6 years before coming back for his first and only furlough. His wife had recovered and worked well at the home office.
C. T. Studd and WEC In Africa, he was domineering and
demanding an 18 hour day for all, and did not respect the African Christians, and had problems with his own missionaries, including his family; two daughters and son-in-laws were with him.
He had multiple medical problems including asthma and gall stones
He did not believe in eternal security, and felt that even the lazy (by his standards) were lost.
C. T. Studd and WEC He became a morphine addict, and
actually dismissed a son-in-law and daughter from the mission. He wrote a pamphlet showing poor judgment.
After CT Studd died, his son-in-law Norman Grubb took over and restored the mission, which was by then in shambles, renaming it Worldwide Evangelistic Crusade (WEC).
The mission continued to grow over the years
Norman Grubb, director of WEC
The Student Volunteer Movement
Thousands recruited, but allowed liberalism in the movement In 1890 - all seminaries but Harvard were
evangelical In 1920 - virtually all denominational
seminaries were liberal The same year was the peak of the SVM,
which slowly died after that; they had not separated from liberal influences
John R Mott John R Mott – His father was wealthy.
He went to college age 16, and a few years later, he was influenced by Studd’s brother, and also DL Moody.
He was one of the initial starters of the Student Volunteer Movement begun by DL Moody after a month of training, as one of the 100 who pledged to become a foreign missionary.
John R. Mott
John R Mott Robert Wilder asked John Mott to take
over as leader. John Mott also worked with the YMCA,
and was general secretary for 16 years He tied groups together and had a
World Student Christian Fellowship Organized the first international
missions conference at Edinburgh in 1910
He received the Nobel Peace prize in 1946 and numerous international awards
John R Mott He had excellent results in China on two
occasions in the early 1900s. He was caught in the movement for
socialization, which he did not want, but was considered liberal by the new fundamentalists, and many stopped going to SVM. He and Robert Speer were targeted by fundamentalists. Took part in World Council of Churches
He continued to travel till his death. At age 86 he remarried, and died two years later age 89.
Robert E Speer 1867-1947
46 years secretary of foreign missions of the Presbyterian church when much missionary zeal
He was secy of SVM on year, then the position of the Presbyterian church. He strongly rejected the liberal movement, and emphasized salvation necessity, but stayed with Presbyterian Church USA when the conservatives left
Robert E Speer
He was accused of deliberately allowing unorthodox missionaries, but acquitted by the General Assembly
He supported women on the mission field
Robert E Speer
Fletcher Brockman
Well educated Methodist, sent to China by YMCA just before the Boxer Rebellion. Fellow missionary Pitkin was murdered – but 13 years later, there was a sort of revival when they preached about his death.
He studied and appreciated oriental religious beliefs
Fletcher Brockman
He brought in scientific intellectual C.H. Robinson to teach in China
Set up YMCA, but some later became YMBA Young Mens Buddhist Assoc.
Turned down offer of presidency of Peking University
Spent last years unhappy trying to hold up the YMCA in the USA
Fletcher Brockman
E. Stanley Jones
India should be interpreted by Indians, not Western civilization
Started in Lucknow as Methodist pastor; then worked for a short time with outcasts.
He started with intellectuals, had problems for 8 ½ years, then a spiritual experience & no more problems
E. Stanley Jones
He presented only Christ, but not Christianity, and avoided difficult OT passages.
He took a generous view of other world religious systems – accused of syncretism
He used Ashrams and Round Table conferences with other intellectuals
E. Stanley Jones 1907-1973
Very influential as evangelist also in Japan – worked with F. D. Roosevelt to try to avoid World War II with Japan
Personal friend of Ghandi, wrote a biography of his life
Very ecumenical, and had a weak view of the church. Felt his job was to introduce people to Christ, not the institutional church
E. Stanley Jones
Summary evaluation of colonialism 1858-1914
Good features Opened some countries which
would have remained unreached Developed some countries with
enlightened colonialism; law & order
Summary evaluation colonialism 1858-1914 Bad features
Commercial motives backed with a gun and exploitation of the native population. The worst example = Britain requiring China to participate in the opium trade
Resentment of western “Christians” in the heart of the nationals
Colonialism problems Many missionaries were
postmillenial, and viewed Christianization and civilization together.
But many found western civilization repugnant.
There was also the “white man’s burden” and “manifest destiny”
Missionaries were often lumped together with colonialism
Specialized Missions After WW I & WWII, especially veterans
pushed forward Most were evangelical, not liberal, & used
new technology Communism also encouraged new ways to
reach behind the Iron curtain- like radio + literature
Bible schools broadened their curriculum, and some became liberal arts colleges
Especially translation, medicine, aviation, radio, agriculture became glamorous
Missionary Medicine Tremendous impact for good Competition with witch doctors and
medicine men Clash with culture and prejudices Starting with John Thomas (India with
Carey), some were part-time like David Livingston & Hudson Taylor.
One famous - Albert Schweitzer ? Saved???,
Medical missions late 19th century
John Scudder – India Clara Swain – India First missionary nurse 1884 – E. M.
Mckechnie to Shanghai
Medical missions More recently - governments have
taken over more. Now public health, prevention and
education are often open doors MAP gives millions of $$ drugs,
equipment, enz. My personal contribution – though
through USAID – was in medical education
Wilfred Grenfell Wilfred Grenfell - Labrador, converted in a
Moody meeting. Initially he worked as an MD on a ship in the north seas, but then saw Labrador. He had opposition from the Anglical church, which was doing nothing, but did not want to lose converts. Grenfell also helped the economy, to the opposition of the local merchants, who lost some of their profits. He risked his life.
His introduction of reindeer backfired as the reindeer died of a parasite which they also transmitted to the local caribou herds
Wilfred Grenfell
The difficulty was his total independence and his lack of concern for doctrinal stance of others but for their work for the Lord.
He was made a knight by King George V
Wilfred Grenfell
Ida Scudder Ida Scudder. Her father John went to Ceylon
for 36 years, and 9/13 children lived, 7 became missionaries, and there were 42 missionaries in 4 generations. Born in 1870, she knew missionary life. After being in the USA as a teenager, and at Moody’s school, She went back to India from school to care for her sick mother, stayed as a teacher, but then was called to assist in three difficult labors because she was a women. She could not by lack of training and all three women died.
Ida Scudder She returned to the USA, and after
graduation from medical school, returned to start a hospital. Her father died, and at first people did not trust her care. She started a nursing school for women, who ranked very high in government scores. She ran a hospital, an orphanage, and taught a Bible school. Her mother died age 86
Ida Scudder When the school was forced to
integrate with men, there was great controversy in her board, but they eventually agreed. The school was eventually combined with men’s schools after great controversy. The hospital was an incredible success.- Vellore remains a top school.
She retired at 75, but continued to serve there for another decade
Ida Scudder & Vellore Hospital
Viggo Olsen Converted after he was a doctor, he
turned down lucrative offers to go to Bangladesh
He opened and ran Memorial Hospital during a time of great upheaval, but was successful as an MD and witness for Christ
Was also a diplomat and translated into a dialect of Bengalese
Dr. Viggo Olsen
Dr. Carl Becker
After high school, he worked 5 years to support his mother, and then entered medical school
He made a promise to give everything to God if he finished. He went to a small town in Pennsylvania and prospered greatly as an MD
Dr. Carl Becker
Africa Inland Mission contacted him and he left for Africa with his wife and children. After living in several different areas, he settled in Oicha, Belgian Congo to work among the pygmies
Carl Becker
He was very innovative, especially with leprosy and psychiatric patients. He had 4000 patients in a 1100 acre compound and very great success – experts from over the world came. He was treating 2000 patients daily and doing 3000 operations per year
He also used electric shock therapy for psychiatric patients.
Carl Becker
At age 70, he left in 1964 escaped the Simbas (he had been targeted). He returned and continued 13 years after that and finally retired to the USA age 83. He worked on a hospital and training center for Africans.
Dr. Carl Becker
Translations
John Elliot translated into Algonquin Carey was an effective translator in
India Also: Robert Morrison, Adoniram
Judson, Robert Moffat, Hudson Taylor, Henry Martyn were all translators.
19th century - 500 translations. Much progress with computers and
national helpers
William Cameron Townsend
Born in 1896, went after college to sell Bibles in Guatemala. Spent 13 years learning an Indian language, Cakchiquel, reducing it to writing, and translation of scriptures. He had major differences with CAM, and left after his wife’s death – wanted to translate, but the mission wanted evangelism
Wycliffe & William Cameron Townsend
William Cameron Townsend - he was effective as a translator himself, but quite ecumenical in belief and practice.
There was a question about his honesty in presenting himself to go into countries just as a translator. - wanted to take a Roman Catholic into his organization. He allowed Pentecostal workers in as well with a slight revision of their faith
William Cameron Townsend
Wycliffe & William Cameron Townsend
He supported using all races, as well as women translators, even alone. Two went to work with the Shapras – headhunters. The chief said that he would have killed men, but not women – eventually became Christian
He ended up with 4500 workers, translated himself, worked more than 50 years as translator. He placed himself under a board which he himself had formed.
He remarried after his first wife died; his wife and 4 children lived in Peru 17 years
Wycliffe & Kenneth Pike He was followed by Kenneth Pike:
Kenneth Pike - transformed into a linguist of great ability although initially had great difficulty in translation.
Became very polished in academic circles as well.
He was an effective and practical teacher.
He also was Professor of Linguistics at the University of Michigan for 30 years
Kenneth Pike
Other translators Rachel Saint - brother Nate was killed by
Auca indians. She was already working on the language. After his death, she worked with Dayuma for years, took her to the USA for a tour, and returned. She and Elizabeth Elliot lived with them and eventually saw many saved.
Rachel Saint