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History of Educational ThoughtsISLAMISM

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Islamism

• The term Islamism refers to a group of usually extremist political ideologies based on the Muslim religion, and claiming that Islam must be the basis of political life as well as a religion.

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Ideas and Objectives of

Islamism• Islam is an all encompassing political and

social program, not just a religion.

• Islam is based on rule of God rather than rule by man, and is therefore incompatible with western democracy.

• Rule of man is inherently oppressive and therefore must be replaced everywhere by Islamic rule of God.

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• Muslims deserve to dominate because their

way of life is superior. • All men who are not ruled by God, including

Muslims are in a state of Jahiliya (ignorance and darkness) that is similar to that which prevailed before the rise of Islam in Arabia.

• Islam strives to bring about the rule of God everywhere in a single state, by overthrowing both Muslim states that do not adhere to Islam and Western states.

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• Islamic rule must be established by violent Jihad (holy war) that can include terror and terrorist acts. Every Muslim must be prepared to sacrifice themselves in Jihad.

• Islamists have a great willingness to declare other Muslims and Muslim regimes as Takfir (heretical) legitimizing Jihad against them.

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History of Islamic Education

• Islamic education is uniquely different from other types of educational theory and practice largely because of the all-encompassing influence of the Koran. The Koran serves as a comprehensive blueprint for both the individual and society and as the primary source of knowledge.

• Koran was considered the word of God and needed to be organically interacted with by means of reading and reciting its words.

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Kuttab (plural Kutatib ) - served a vital social

function as the only vehicle for formal public instruction for primary-age children and continued so until Western models of education were introduced in the modern period. Even at present, it has exhibited remarkable durability and continues to be an important means of religious instruction in many Islamic countries.

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The curriculum of the kuttāb was primarily directed to young male children, beginning as early as age four, and was centered on Koranic studies and on religious obligations such as ritual ablutions, fasting, and prayer.

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The approach to teaching children was strict, and the conditions in which young students learned could be quite harsh. Corporal punishment was often used to correct laziness or imprecision. Memorization of the Koran was central to the curriculum of the kuttāb, but little or no attempt was made to analyze and discuss the meaning of the text.

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The purpose of Islamic education is not to cram the pupil’s head with facts but to prepare them for a life of purity and sincerity. This total commitment to character-building based on the ideals of Islamic ethics is the highest goal of Islamic education.

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Education should aim at the balanced growth of the total personality of man through the training of man’s spirit, intellect, his rational self, feelings and bodily senses. Education should cater therefore for the growth of man in all its aspects: spiritual, intellectual, imaginative, physical, scientific, linguistic, both individually and collectively and motivate all aspects towards goodness and the attainment of perfection.

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The ultimate aim of Muslim education lies in the realization of complete submission to Allah on the level of the individual, the community and humanity at large.

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Aim of an Islamic School

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Provide an environment which allows the

student to realize these ideals and gain an education that enhances his spiritual, intellectual, imaginative, physical, scientific and linguistic growth. Using the above definition as an informative guide, one would expect an Islamic school then, to have facilities and a program of learning that allows a pupil to develop his/her  sense of spirituality and build a positive relationship with God which becomes manifest in doing righteous deeds. 

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Aims and Objectives of

Islamic EducationThe Arabic language has three terms for

education, representing the various dimensions of the educational process as perceived by Islam. 1. ta'līm - from the root 'alima (to know, to be aware, to perceive, to learn), which is used to denote knowledge being sought or imparted through instruction and teaching.

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2. Tarbiyah, from the root raba (to increase, to grow, to rear), implies a state of spiritual and ethical nurturing in accordance with the will of God.

3. Ta'dīb, from the root aduba (to be cultured, refined, well-mannered), suggests a person's development of sound social behavior.

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Education in the context of Islam is regarded as a process that involves the complete person, including the rational, spiritual, and social dimensions.

The comprehensive and integrated approach to education in Islam is directed toward the "balanced growth of the total personality…through training Man's spirit, intellect, rational self, feelings and bodily senses…such that faith is infused into the whole of his personality“.

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Education in Islam is twofold:

1.Acquiring intellectual knowledge (through the application of reason and logic) and developing spiritual knowledge (derived from divine revelation and spiritual experience). According to the worldview of Islam, provision in education must be made equally for both.

2. Acquiring knowledge in Islam is not intended as an end but as a means to stimulate a more elevated moral and spiritual consciousness, leading to faith and righteous action.

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Values Education Curriculum

• The Islamic Values Education Curriculum

- focuses on personality and character development of children, close attention to the real needs and concerns of students, and preparation of students with the critical thinking and problem-solving skills needed to function successfully as Muslims in society.

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• The vision of Islamic education makes a

fundamental distinction between teaching about "Islam" and teaching about "being Muslim.“

• The goal of Islamic education is not to fill children’s minds with information about Islam, but rather to teach them about being Muslim.

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Islamic Education Programs

• Effective Islamic teaching and learning must be meaningful.

• Effective Islamic teaching and learning must also be integrated.

• Effective Islamic teaching and learning must also be challenging.

• Effective Islamic teaching and learning must be active.

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Role of an Islamic School Teacher

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Four Basic Patterns of

Knowledge   needed for producing effective, creative

and successful teachers:

a. Causal Knowledge     b. Normative Knowledge      c. Experiential Knowledge     d. General Knowledge

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Four Skill Components of a Successful and Effective Teacher

a.Knowledge of the subject matter 

b. Wealth in internalized values and beliefs 

c.Ability of transferring knowledge 

d.Generating student’s cooperation and confidence 

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ROLE OF STUDENTS

• They have to learn and transmit Islamic heritage to the next generation. They have to engage in an intellectual struggle against other ideologies. They have to fight corruption to preserve their morals and those of society. They must get practical skills needed to succeed in an increasingly technical society.