History of Drama
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Transcript of History of Drama
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History of Drama Final Exam Review
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Hebrew/Egyptian Drama
Egyptian drama dates back to 3000 B.C.Drama means “to do” or “to act”Egyptian Drama revolved around religion
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5 Types of Plays
Medicinal Play-play about healingThe Heb Sed was a play celebrating the
pharaoh's 30th year on the throneCoronation Festival celebrated the crowning of a
pharaoh Isis, Osiris, and Set were the main characters in
the Abydos Passion PlayPyramid Plays-done to ensure safe passage into
afterlife.
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Hebrew Drama
Job and Song of Songs both have dramatic structure
God and the devil are the first speakers in the book of Job.
No reference to definite theatre in Bible
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Staging
Blocking—the director’s planned movement for the actors
Stage Directions—usually included in the script, the entrances, exits, and some movements or expressions for the characters
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Staging: Body Positions
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Greek Drama
Golden Age of Greek Drama: 500-400 B.C.Drama was sacred and religious in Greek culture.Tragedy literally means “goat song”Hubris is defined as excessive amounts of pride or
arroganceDeus ex machina is a machine used to fly in a god
to “save the day”Winners of the Dionysus festival won an ivy wreath
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Costuming
RobesRaised BootsWigsMasks
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Greek Chorus
Sang in unisonWore masksChanged in number depending on
the playwrightWere constantly on stage
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Greek gods
Dionysus-god of wine, drama, and fertility
Zeus-king of the gods
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Greek Playwrights
Sophocles wrote OedipusAeschylus-the Father of Greek
TragedyEuripides is known as “The Great
Humanizer” Aristotle-wrote rules of drama
called The Three Unities
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Theatron “Seeing Place”
AudienceOrchestraAltarParaskenionSkene
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Roman Drama-Terms
Acted on a raised stage called a pulpitum
Closet dramas were too graphic to be shown on stage.
A claque was a person paid to influence the audience
Romans focused on comedy in their plays.
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Roman Playwrights
Terence-first black playwrightSeneca-only major tragedianPlautus-used Greek plays
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Roman Theatre’s Decline
Spectacles in the Coliseum and the fall of Rome in 476 A.D. lead to the fall of Roman Drama.
Theatres were banned
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Hindu Drama
Golden Age 500-300 B.C.Plays written in SanskritFirst culture to promote women
actorsAlways ended happily
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Chinese Drama
Themes of ancestor worship, military glory, faithfulness to husband
Women were forbidden to act until the 18th century
Costume colors signified a meaning
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Propaganda Period
Propaganda period began after WWII
Plays were used to promote government policy and Communism
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Japanese Drama: Noh
FormalCharacterized by sedate postures
expressing an attitudePolished floor with jars
underneath for a unique sound
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Japanese Drama:Kubuki
Common man’s dramaBegan in 1600 A.D.Every movement has a meaning
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Kabuki Theatre
Trap DoorRevolving StageExtravagant SceneryA “flowerway” for actors to enter
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Kabuki Costumes
Silk CostumesThick MakeupHeavy Wigs
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Medieval Drama
Also called Dark Ages because of the lack of culture and growth after the fall of Rome
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Medieval Terms
Trope-short dramas turned into masses by the church
Hell’s Mouth was a stage device—a dragon jaw that would open with smoke and flames
Passion Play—Started in Oberammergau—depicted the life of Christ
Commedia dell’ Arte-professional improv
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Pageant Wagon
Plays performed in “cycles”Double-DeckerBottom used for costume changesSimilar to parade floatsAction on upper stage and on the
street
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The M’s
MummingsMystery Morality (Everyman)MiracleManners
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Elizabethan Theatres
Famous Theatres: Globe, The Rose, The Swan—nicknamed “Wooden O’s”
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Elizabethan Staging
Balcony (for love scenes)Tiring House (for exits)Discovery Space (Small interior settings)Platform surrounded by audience on
three-sidesOpen air for light—no artificial lighting
used
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Groundlings
“Cheap Seats”People stood in the space right in
front of the stageFor everyday citizens (all were
welcome to the theatre)
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Famous Playwrights
Christopher Marlowe—killed in a bar brawl at 29
Ben Johnson—gifted in SatireWilliam Shakespeare—coined
thousands of words and phrases; born in Stratford-on-Avon; had a wife and three kids; loved by Queen Elizabeth; 38 plays attributed to him