HISTORY OF COMPUTING 5000 B.C. – 1900 A.D. Geoffrey Butterworth & Jessy Turnidge.
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Transcript of HISTORY OF COMPUTING 5000 B.C. – 1900 A.D. Geoffrey Butterworth & Jessy Turnidge.
Earliest History
5000 B.C. Concept of Abax or Algorithmic Unit (ALU) Precursor to notion of computing unit Lines & pebbles
3200 B.C. Sumer Origin of accounting and number storage
Clay tablets Arithmetic
Early History
3000 B.C. China & Babylon First use of beads on wires - Abacus Counting before numbers Commercial uses 2400 B.C. – used to compute the first
recorded mention of π 31/8
2500 B.C. Egypt First ideas of a “thinking machine” Primitive conception of AI
Early History
2000 B.C. Sanskrit & Chinese writing
1850 B.C. Egypt “the Rhind”: First record of collections of math
problems Puzzles & story problems; math riddles
1800 B.C. Egypt Developed use of addition systems
1438 B.C. Egypt Water clock Control flow
Early History
1300 B.C. China Development of decimal system Basis of floating-point numbers
600 B.C. Pythagorean theorem “rediscovered” Spread of Abacus Advancements in arithmetic in China 550 B.C. - Rediscovery of irrational numbers
Early History
300 B.C. Widespread use of 1-9 sequence of
numerals Babylonian Salamis tablet
200 B.C. India The invention of Binary Decimal binary 1’s and 2’s instead of 0’s and 1’s
As the Roman Empire fell…
150 - 100 B.C. Antikythera mechanism
First analog computer Astronomy Advanced technology
724 First mechanical clock Precedent for computers and robotics
The spread of education
1200 Logic Formal thought
1502 Da Vinci Plans for first mechanical calculator Gears
1642 Blaise Pascal Constructed the first mechanical calculator
Early technologies
1724 China First fully mechanical clock
1804 the Jacquard loom Punched card as “key” to a mechanized
loom 1850 Difference Engine
Charles Babbage designed, failed to create Hand cranked, mechanical, digital
computer Same basic functions as modern computers
“Modern” Uses
19th century - Ada Lovelace First computer programmer computer algorithm Pioneer of multimedia Even has a programming language named
after her
“Modern” Uses
Herman Hollerith Father of automatic
computation 1880 census
Loom & punch card design Tabulator and sorter
Founded CTR company IBM
Citations
http://www.thocp.net/timeline/0000.htm Abax, Abacus, Water clock
http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/artificial_intelligence.php Thinking Machine
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab34 Sanskrit
http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_4.htm Antikythera Mechanism
http://www.thocp.net/timeline/0469.htm Antikythera Mechanism 2, Mechanical Clock, Abelard's
http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/444534a Antikythera 3
Citations
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/abelard/#Log Peter Abelard's Logic
http://www.educalc.net/197481.page Da Vinci's Calculator http://lecture.eingang.org/pascaline.html Pascal's Calculator http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htm Pascal 2 http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/ad
a/ada.html Ada Lovelace
http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/adalovelace/ Ada 2
http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/engines/ Babbage Engine
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/hollerith.html - Herman Hollerith
Citations
http://www.assa10.dsl.pipex.com/pre1945/count%20board.jpg - Abax
http://i204.photobucket.com/albums/bb309/NWA747/keys2.jpg - Loom
http://financialsensei.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/cogs2.jpg - Antikythera
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Difference_engine_plate_1853.jpg - Babbage Engine
http://www.neac2.eu/water/images/miscellaneous/clock-water.gif - water clock
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/census-tabulator.html - tabulator