HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

OF COMMUNITY HEALTH

NURSING IN

INDIA

HISTORY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

ANCIENT PERIOD

ANCIENT PERIODVEDIC PERIOD:

• Ayurveda and Siddha Systems of medicine came

into existence which suggested development of

comprehensive concept of health.

• Ayurveda practiced throughout the India but the

Siddha system is practiced in tamilnadu.

DHANVANTHRI GOD

• Hindu god of medicine is said to have been born as a result of the churning of oceans during a “tug of war” between gods and demons.

ATREYA• Atreya (about 800 b.c)

is acknowledged as the first great Indian physician and teacher.

• He lived in the ancient university of takshashila.

CHARAKA

• Charaka compiled his famous treatise on medicine, the “charaka samhita”.

• He explained about 500 drugs.

• He was a first physician to explain the concept of digestion, metabolism, immunity, genetics and drugs.

SHUSRUTA• Father of Indian surgery• Written “shusruta samhita”• Performed so many surgeries in

ancient India eg. Amputation, tumor extraction, hernia repair and plastic surgery etc.

• British physicians learned rhinoplasty from Indian surgeons.

KING ASHOKA• King Ashoka and

other Buddhist kings established Ayurveda hospitals and schools of medicine in India.

• King Ashoka patronized Ayurveda as state medicine.

MEDICAL EDUCATIONNALANDA UNIVERSITY

TAKSHASHILA UNIVERSITY

MOHENJO DARO

HARAPPA

MUGHAL PERIOD

• Introduced unani system of medicine.

• Ayurveda started to decline.

• Exchange of thoughts and experience between the Hindu, Arab, Persians, Greek and Jewish scholars.

PRE INDEPENDENCE ERA• Homeopathy was

introduced by Samuel Hahnemann during 1810-1839.

• India claims to have the largest number of practitioners of homeopathy medicine in the world.

MILITARY NURSING

• 1664 : EAST INDIA COMPANY STARTED HOSPITAL FOR SOLDIERS IN A HOUSE AT FORT. ST. GEORGE, MADRAS.

BRITISH PERIOD

• The first real development of modern public health in India took place in 1859 when the administration of India was taken over from east India company by the crown.

• British soldiers were died because of poor sanitation conditions.

ROYAL COMMISSION

1859: • A Royal Commission was appointed in

India to investigate the causes of unhealthy conditions prevailing in British Army stationed in India .

• This commission recommended that there was a need in each presidency to protect the water supply, construction of drains and prevention of epidemics in civil population.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE• Florence nightingale

studied the public health conditions in India and suggested the preventive measures for it.

• She suggested the measures for the welfare of the army.

• She suggested the system of nursing for hospitals in India.

• She motivated to start the nursing training schools in India

MADRAS 1871:• FIRST NURSING TRAINING

SCHOOL STARTED IN GOVT. GENERAL HOSPITAL, MADRAS.

• SEPARATE CLINICAL FACILITIES FOR WOUNDED SOLDIERS IN ST.GEORGE FORT.

CHRISTIAN MISSION HOSPITALS

• During 1874 – 90 the Christian Mission Hospitals in India started training courses for nurses.

• The Roman Catholic Nuns served as nurses in many Govt.Hospitals in India as well as in Hospitals run by religious orders.

SCHOOL OF NURSING

• FIRST SCHOOL OF NURSING ESTABLISHED IN ST. STEPHENS HOSPITAL, NEW DELHI.

• 1890 – 1900 SO MANY NURSING SCHOOLS ESTABLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND MISSION HOSPITALS.

• 1881– First Indian Factories Act was passed

and First All India Census was taken.• 1885– Local self Government Act was

passed.• 1888–Government directed that local

bodies should be responsible for sanitation.

1930• At Calcutta ,an All India Institute of

Hygiene and Public Health was established with aid from the Rockefeller.

1931• A Maternal Child Welfare Bureau was

established by IRC Society.1935• All the health activities in the country were

grouped as under the control of • (a)Central (b)Central cum provincial (c)

Provincial government

• 1937–A Central Advisory Board of health

was set up.• 1939–Madras Public Health Act was passed.–Rural Health Training Centre at Singur

near Calcutta(Rockefeller Foundation)• 1940–The Drugs Act was passed.

TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

• 1939:

• Tuberculosis association of India is started to control the tuberculosis burden in the country.

B.SC NURSING COURSES

• Nursing colleges established in c.m.c Vellore and RAK college in Delhi to provide degree in nursing.

BHORE COMMITTEE• 1943–A health survey and

development committee (Bhore Committee) was appointed under the chairman of sir. Joseph Bhore .

• 1946–Bhore Committees

report was submitted.

INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL

• INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL IS STARTED TO SET THE NURSING STANDARD IN INDIA.

POST INDEPENDENDENCE ERA

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT• The national government

took up the responsibility of improving health of people with the Bhore committee’s report.

• Ministry of health was established at Central and State level

1948:– India joined as a member of WHO.–ESI Act was passed–Environment Hygiene Committee was

published.

1950:–Planning Commission was set up in

India.–Central Food Technological Institute

was established.

1951• First Five Year Plan began.• BCG Vaccination programme was launched.• Central Drug Research Institute was opened at Lucknow.

1952• Central council of health was statutorily constituted with

Union minister of health as chairman and health Minister of states as members.

1953:• Model Public Health Act Committee was appointed.• National Malaria Control Programme was initiated.• National Smallpox Eradication Programme was

started.• Family Planning Programme began, Family

Planning Research and Programme was set up.

1954:Contributory Health Services Scheme was initiated in

Delhi.Central Social Welfare board was setupNational water supply and sanitation scheme was

inaugurated.National Leprosy Control Programme was started.VDRL antigen production was setup.Food Adulteration Act was passed.

1955:• National Filiria Control Programme was started.• Central Research Centre and Central Leprosy

Training was established in TN.• National TB Survey Commenced.

1956• Second Five Year plan began.• Central Health education bureau was established.• Director of Family Planning was established.• Chemotherapy centre started at Madras

1958• NMCP was changed to NMEP.

1959• Mudaliar Committee was appointed.• Rajasthan was first state to introduce

Panchayat Raj• National TB Institute at Bangalore was

established.

• 1960• School Health Committee was formed.

• 1961• 3rd Five Year Plan was launched.

• 1962• Central Family Planning Institute was

established in New Delhi.• National Smallpox eradication

Programme, National Goitre Control Programme, National School Health Programme and district TB control programme was established.

• 1963• Applied Nutrition Programme started.• NICD established.• National Trachoma control programme

was started.• 1965• IUCD was introduced• Direct BCG vaccination programme

without tuberculin tests was introduced.