History of Canada Notes Part One: European Colonization.
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Transcript of History of Canada Notes Part One: European Colonization.
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History of Canada Notes
Part One:
European Colonization
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The First Nations
Native peoples of Canada
Came from Asia 12,000 years ago– Crossed Bering Land
Bridge that joined Russia to Alaska
12 tribes made up the First Nations
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Inuit
One of the First Nation tribes
Still live in Canada today
Canada’s government gave the Inuit the Nunavut Territory in northeast Canada.
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The Europeans in Canada…
First explorers to settle Canada were Norse invaders from the Scandinavian Peninsula
In 1000 CE, they built a town on the northeast coast of Canada & established a trading relationship with the Inuit– The Norse deserted the settlement for unknown
reasons Europeans did not return to Canada until almost
500 years later…
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A Viking Ship
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England Claims Newfoundland
1497: Italian explorer John Cabot, sailed to Canada’s east coast
Cabot claimed an area of land for England (his sponsor) & named it Newfoundland
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John Cabot
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New France
1534: Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River.
Claimed the land for France.– French colonists
named the area New France
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New France (Quebec)
1608: Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French settlement in Quebec
Population grew slowly Many people moved inland to trap animals—
hats made of beaver fur were in high demand in Europe
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Samuel de Champlain
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New France (Quebec)
European fur traders were joined by French farmers, merchants, and missionaries from the Catholic Church
Brought with them French laws, traditions, & religion– France wouldn’t let anyone move to New France
who was not Catholic
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The British in Canada…
British colonized region south of New France– Saw New France’s success in fur trapping &
wanted to take control of the fur trade
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French and Indian War (1754)
1754: Led to the French and Indian War where Great Britain fought for control of Canadian territory & the fur trade and conquered Quebec.
Great Britain and Iroquois Indians versus France and Huron Indians.
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Treaty of Paris (1763)
Gave British control of all lands east of the Mississippi River, except for 2 islands off of Newfoundland
British forced Nova Scotia’s French-speaking people to leave– Nova Scotia’s French went to another French
colony, Louisiana—descendants of these people are the Cajuns
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Quebec Act--1774
British allowed French to stay in Quebec, but continued to control the region
Quebec Act guaranteed the French the right to maintain their culture (language, religion, traditions)
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Division of Canada
Most English speaking citizens lived in Upper Canada (Ontario)
Most French speaking citizens lived in Lower Canada (Quebec)
DDD
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War of 1812
French and British worked together against the US who tried to invade Canada
War resulted in a draw, but it defined the US-Canadian border & increased a sense of Canadian nationalism Both French Canadians & English Canadians
joined to protect their land—they were more united than ever before
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War of 1812
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After the War of 1812
French Canadians & British Canadians realized that they hated being under British rule
They thought that Great Britain was too far away to understand their economic & political needs
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Province of Canada
Canadians began to rebel against British control Britain sent a government reformer to examine
the Canadian problem Result of the inquiry, Britain discovered an
economic need to unify the 2 Canadian provinces
1841—Upper & Lower Canada were united, establishing the Province of Canada
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British North America Act (1867)
1867: British North America Act: created a federation union of Canada Joined four colonies (Quebec, Ontario, New
Brunswick, & Nova Scotia) 4 colonies became Provinces joined by a
common written law (constitution).
- Britain accepted the agreement because they were glad to be rid of the responsibility of protecting the colonies (expensive)
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Results of the British North America Act
Allowed each region to sell goods more easily to one another Improved trade helped the economy Soon there was enough money to build a
railroad across the country 1886: Transcontinental Railroad was built
& people could now easily travel from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean
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Expanding Canada
When Canada became a confederation in 1867, there were only 4 provinces
Leaders desired to expand the new country from the Atlantic to the Pacific Bought land from the Hudson’s Bay Company Thought the purchase would be a simple
process, but problems occurred with the native peoples
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Expanding Canada
Eventually the First Nations (Inuit) agreed to relocate to reservations (now Nunavut) Transcontinental Railroad was built on this land
Soon, 3 new provinces & 1 territory were created: Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and the Northwest Territories
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Canada 1886
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Results of the Railroad:
Increased shipment of goods across the country
Increased travel from coast to coast Created new provinces & territories Birth of Canadian nationalism
before the railroad, most people only thought of themselves as belonging to their province; after they felt as if they were part of one country
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Transcontinental Railroad
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Yukon
GOLD was discovered along the western coast of Canada in 1896
1898: Canada’s government created Yukon Territory to meet the needs of the area’s growing population
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1905: Saskatchewan & Alberta
This land was originally part of Northwest Territories, but by early 1900s, many people wanted this to change
Reason 1: economy had shifted from fur trade to farming, mining, logging & railway
Reason 2: population grew quickly because of the new industries
Reason 3: area could not afford everything people needed (schools) By forming new provinces, they could collect taxes to pay
for these things.
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Farming Oats in Alberta
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1949: Newfoundland
Newfoundland joined the country of Canada because: Canada promised to
help them by building many things such as railroads & roads
Britain didn’t want the cost of supporting Newfoundland anymore.
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1999: Nunavut Territory
In the 1970s, Inuit wanted to create a territory called Nunavut because: Wanted their own territory so that they could start
making decisions for themselves. They needed their own government.
Wanted control of their land—for many years Canada had used the resources of the Arctic without asking the Inuit
Inuit still live the same way that their ancestors did—they use traditional methods for survival
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Nunavut
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Canadian Historical Marker
Have you ever seen a sign that marks a significant event in history? We have them all over our country, and now you get to create a marker that could be used in Canada!
Review your “History of Canada” PowerPoint notes. Which event do you think is the most important event in Canada’s history? You are going to be creating a marker that will tell tourists about the significance of that event.
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Canadian Historical Marker
Directions: Choose your event and write what it is in the CIRCLE on the top of the
historical marker. Next, write a short description of the event. Then, briefly describe why you think this event is important to Canada’s
history. At the bottom, write the place where your marker will be located
(province, territory, physical feature). Draw an illustration that symbolizes your event. Color your historical marker. Please do not leave
any white space! Cut your marker out and turn it in.