History of Biology Presentation

7/23/2019 History of Biology Presentation

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BIOLOGY


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BIOLOGY

BIOS LOGOS

life study of

Ernst Haeckels TREE OF LIFE


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Prebiotic Earth


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Miller-Urey experiment

Reqirements !"r c#emical

e$"lti"n t" pr"%ce li!e Absence of oxygen Energy

Chemical building blocks Sufficient time

&"n%iti"ns "n early Eart#

Age of Earth is ~4.6 billionyears

Atmoshere had little free !"# $ncluded C!"% &"!% C!%

&"% '"# (aybe also '&

)

% &"

S%

C&4

're(i"tic s"p #yp"t#esis )

M"lecles !"rme% near t#e Eart#s

sr!ace* +,ars ncle"ti%es amin"

aci%s !"rme% sp"ntane"sly*


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Ir"n-sl!r ."rl% #yp"t#esis

!rganic molecules formed at

hydrothermal *ents on the

ocean floor

+aboratory simulations sho,catalyst effects of iron and

nickel sulfides

Ori,in "! cells

Sontaneous assembly of

small organic molecules intomacromolecules

-rotobionts similar to cells

inary fission

&omeostasis

Catalytic acti*ity

Micr"sp#eres ) a type "! pr"t"(i"nt

Micr"sp#eres

/ormed from ,ater and

olyetides

Electric gradient on surface

Selecti*e ermeability

Early Eart#


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R/0 ."rl%

Self0relicating 1'A molecules

/unction as both en2yme and

substrate for relication/irst ste in e*olution of the

3'A 1'A rotein system

1irecte% e$"lti"n

+arge ool of 1'A molecules,ith different se5uencesSelected for ability to cataly2e a

reactionAmlify mutate reeat

$n the 1'A ,orld% ribo2ymescataly2ed rotein synthesis

3'A formed from double strands

of 1'A

3'A more stable than 1'A


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T#e !irst cells

&eterotrohs that feed on organic

moleculesAnaerobic fermentation rocess to obtain

energy

0t"tr"p#s

Selected after organic molecule food stock

became scarce

-hotosynthetic roduction of organic

molecules

Cyanobacteria slit ,ater molecules and

released oxygen

0er"(es

(ore efficient energy roduction using

oxygen resiration

Significant oxygen in the atmoshere by "

bya

F"rmati"n "! t#e O2"ne layer


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Ekary"tes ar"se !r"m pr"kary"tes

Endosymbiont theory

(itochondria and chlorolasts

deri*ed from rokaryotes $ngested but not digested

1eroduced along ,ith host cell

Usin, a cl"ck

t" represent

(i"l",ical time


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3#at le$el "! c"mplexity is necessary !"r

li!e4

Matter

Or,anise%

material 5li$in,6

Un"r,anise%

material5n"n-li$in,6

Heter",ene"s5"r,ans6

H"m",ene"s

5tisses6


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3#at le$el "! c"mplexity is

necessary !"r li!e4

(icroscoists disco*ered tissues ,ere made of

cells&ooke 7668 and +eeu,enhoek 7699:

Cork cells


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&ells c"me t",et#er t" !"rm tisses

Liver cellscells of a particular tissue have a common structure.


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3#at is a cell4

$n simlest form

A lasma membrane;

Surrounding cytolasm;

Containing hereditary material.


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&ell Types

'r"kary"tic &ells

History of Biology Presentation

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