History - Chapter 9 Part 2 Separation of Singapore from Malaysia
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Transcript of History - Chapter 9 Part 2 Separation of Singapore from Malaysia
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Separationof Singaporefrom Malaysia
Chapter 9Part 2
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Topics for this chapter
4problems faced
during the merger
1963 Singapore Election
1964 Federal Election
1964 Race Riots
Malaya Solidarity
Convention
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5reasons
for separation between
Singapore and Malaya
Disagreement over Common Market
Different Treatment of Races
“Malaysian Malaysia” Campaign
Different Political Ideology
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party
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Singapore Politics1. Multiracial2. Meritocracy
• A system based on rewarding based on a person’s talent and ability
BackgroundMalaysia Politics1. Communal Politics 2. Bumiputera Policy• Special rights and privileges is
given to a certain race or group.
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Form Alliance Party.
UMNO(United Malays
National Organisation)
MCA(Malaysian Chinese
Association)
MIC(Malaysian Indian
Congress)
Malays/Bumiputra Chinese Indians
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Alliance Party backed Singapore Alliance Party.(a Malaysian political party in Singapore)
MalaysiaPolitics
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1963 Singapore Elections
1
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1963 Singapore Election
Singapore Alliance PartyA political party(Singapore branches of UMNO, MCA and MIC under Malaysia’s political parties)
Who was involved?
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Aim of Singapore Alliance PartyTo win seats in the Singapore Legislative Assembly.
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • September
1963
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • September
1963
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
• Singapore Alliance Party decided to challengePAP in the Singapore elections of 1963.
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • September
1963
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
• Singapore Alliance Party decided to challengePAP in the Singapore elections of 1963.
Res
ults
of
elec
tions
: • Singapore Alliance Party did not win any seat in the election, not even in areas where there were more Malays.
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UMNO became unhappybecause it meant that they were unpopular in Singapore.
Alliance Party vowed to re-organise Singapore Alliance Party to defeat PAP in next election.
Such comments affected the relationship between UMNO and PAP in a negative manner.
Consequences
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1964 Federal Elections(in Malaya)
2
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Who was involved?
1. Alliance Party 2. PAP
(wished to establish itself as a Malaysian political party)
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • April 1964
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • April 1964
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
• PAP participated in the 1964 Federal elections of Malaysia.
• Their political campaigns attracted large crowds.
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • April 1964
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
• PAP participated in the 1964 Federal elections of Malaysia.
• Their political campaigns attracted large crowds.
Res
ults
of
Ele
ctio
ns • PAP won only 1 seat.
• The Alliance party won 89 out of 104 seats.
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Consequences
Even though they won, Alliance Party was very upset with PAP even though PAP did not win.
They felt politicallythreatened.
Alliance Party wished to make people in Malaysia and Singapore dislike PAP.
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Started an anti-PAP
campaign using media (newspapers)
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Started an anti-PAP
campaign using media (newspapers)
Spreadrumours to Malays to spoil PAP’s reputation.
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Started an anti-PAP
campaign using media (newspapers)
Spreadrumours to Malays to spoil PAP’s reputation.
Created more tensions and
problems between PAP and Alliance
Party
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Utesan Melayu, a Malay newspaper claimed that 3000 Malay residents were affectedby the project
But in reality, only 200 Malay families were affected.
Newspaper claimed that PAP discriminated Malays in Singapore.
Resettlement Project in Singapore
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Aim of Alliance Party
To win the votes andsupport of the Malays in Singapore.
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This racial tension in Singapore led to
two Race Riots.
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1964 Race Riots
3
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Who was involved?
Singaporean Chinese and
Malays
UMNO
PAP
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • July and Sept
1964
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • July and Sept
1964
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
• During the celebration of Prophet Muhammad’s birthday in July 1964, there was a clash between Chinesepolicemen and Malayparticipants.
• It turned into full-blown raceriots.
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • July and Sept
1964
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
• During the celebration of Prophet Muhammad’s birthday in July 1964, there was a clash between Chinesepolicemen and Malayparticipants.
• It turned into full-blown raceriots. W
hy d
id it
hap
pen?
• Alliance Party’s anti-PAP campaign created tensions and anger between the Chinese and Malays in Singapore.
• These tensions turned into violence during the celebration.
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Consequences
arrested
55636killed injured
3000
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Damage of properties
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Damage of properties
Fear and Suspicionbetween the Chinese
and the Malays
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Malaysian Solidarity Convention
4
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • 6 June 1965
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • 6 June 1965
Wha
t is
it? • A political party formed by PAP andother Malaysian political parties who opposed the Alliance Party (M’sia political party)
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Whe
n di
d it
happ
en? • 6 June 1965
Wha
t is
it? • A political party formed by PAP andother Malaysian political parties who opposed the Alliance Party (M’sia political party)
Why
was
it fo
rmed
? • To campaign for a ‘Malaysian Malaysia’where everyone would be treatedequallyregardless of their race or religion.
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PAPA response to what the Alliance Party did.
Spreading of rumours about PAP against the Malay community in Singapore
Alliance PartyFelt very upset and betrayed.
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TheUnderlying
Reason
After the riots, Alliance Party and PAP had an agreement not to challenge each other politically.
Alliance Party went back on their word, and said they wanted to participate again in Singapore’s elections in 1967.
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Consequences
Seen as a challenge to Alliance Party
Seen as a threat to the special privileges enjoyed by Malays in Malaysia
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This caused a further strain in relations between PAP and UMNO.
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Recap
4problems faced
during the merger
1963 Singapore Election
1964 Federal Election
1964 Race Riots
Malaya Solidarity
Convention
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5reasons
for separation between
Singapore and Malaya
Disagreement over Common Market
Different Treatment of Races
“Malaysian Malaysia” Campaign
Different Political Ideology
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party
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They can be categorised intoEconomic PoliticalDisagreement over Common Market
Different Treatment of Races
“Malaysian Malaysia” Campaign
Different Political Ideology
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party
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No Common Market (P)
The Central Government (Malaysia) delayed the setting up of the Common Market.
There was a delay in the setting up of the Common Market as Singapore was seen as an economic rival/ competitor.
(Elaboration)AND led to a decline in the business of Singapore’s trade and this caused Singapore to be unhappy with Malaya.
Disagreements over Economic Matters
1
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MalayaMalays were given special privileges and rights to help them improve on their standard of livingSingaporeMeritocracy for all
Everyone is equal and is treated equally regardless of race or religion
AND this difference towards the treatment of different races led to tension and unhappiness between Singapore and the Central Government.
Different Treatment of Races
2
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‘Malaysian Malaysia’ whereby people were accorded equal treatment regardless of their race. Singapore PAP joined Malaysian opposition parties to form the Malaysian Solidarity ConventionMalaysia saw the move by PAP as challenging the Central Government. AND this created tension between PAP and UMNO and UMNO even called for the arrest of Lee Kuan Yew..
“Malaysian Malaysia” campaign
3
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Communalism vs Multiracialism Malaya expected Singapore to follow their political system.(Each political group take care of own races)Malaya Communal politics (where political parties were formed along racial groups)Singapore Multiracialism (where political parties include different races)
Difference in Political Ideology
4
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This can be seen from the 1963 Singapore Elections, 1964 Federal Elections and the Malaysian Solidarity Convention wherebyboth countries competed against each other politically.
Political Rivalry between PAP and Alliance Party
5
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Link
These political and
economic differences led to
disagreements and
increased tensionsbetween the Alliance Party and PAP.
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In the end, TunkuAbdul Rahman realized that the many disagreementscould not besettled.
He felt that it was best for Singaporeto leave Malaysia.
PAP finally agreed to the decision.
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This story between Malaysia and Singapore
came to
an end.
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Merdeka!Singapore’s Independence!
9th August 1965
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DefinitionNation
It consists of an organisedpopulation and government.
RepublicIt is a nation governed by representatives elected by the people, and where the Head of State is not a king or queen, but a President
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16th
Sept
embe
r 196
5 • Joined the UnitedNations
8thA
ugus
t 196
7 • Formed ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) to help to keep the peaceamong neighboring countries
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IndonesiaMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeThailand
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1945
Singapore was still a British colony after Japanese Occupation ended
1948
First election, SPP won
1955
Labour Front won
1959
Full Internal Government
Chronology of Events
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Apr
il 19
61
Ong EngGuan won the Hong Lim by-election.
May
196
1
Tunkusuggested a possible merger in his speech.
Aug
ust 1
961
Barisan Sosialis started a campaign to oppose the merger.
1964
Race riots between the Chinese policemen and the Muslims at the Padang.
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